Deck 10: Rome From City-State to Empire

Question 1

What was the main source of conflict between Rome and Carthage that led to the First Punic War?

A)The contest for dominance over Spain.
B)A struggle over control of the Middle East.
C)Disagreements on trade policies regarding Egyptian grain.
D)The political intrigues of the Hellenistic Empires.
E)Control and possession of the island of Sicily.

Answer 1

Control and possession of the island of Sicily.

Question 2

What was the strategy the Romans used to defeat the Carthaginian general, Hannibal, who had been occupying and ravaging parts of the Italian peninsula for about fifteen years?

A)The Romans used modern technology they had taken from the Etruscans and Greeks.
B)The Romans invaded Carthage which forced Hannibal to leave Italy to defend his homeland.
C)The Romans gained control of Sicily so that Hannibal could not get reinforcements.
D)By using a "scorched earth" policy depriving Hannibal's army of food and supplies.
E)By confronting the Carthaginians in Spain to divert Hannibal's attention away from Italy.

Answer 2

The Romans invaded Carthage which forced Hannibal to leave Italy to defend his homeland.

Question 3

The reason Rome did not immediate seek to control all of the Hellenistic kingdoms was

A)political; some politicians supported expansion and some did not.
B)economic; there was nothing to be gained in acquiring that territory.
C)social; Romans never tried to incorporate new people into their society.
D)cultural; Romans felt they were superior to Greek society in every way.
E)None of the options are correct.

Answer 3

political; some politicians supported expansion and some did not.

Question 4

In which of these ways did the Romans exhibit their pragmatism and flexibility?

A)They allowed their soldiers to adopt different religions.
B)They incorporated conquered peoples into their military to assure they had strong numbers.
C)They took a large number of defeated peoples back to Rome to serve as manual laborers.
D)They permitted full citizenship to certain conquered peoples, thereby allowing those people to feel a deep affinity for their new leaders.
E)They encouraged their soldiers to marry young women from the conquered groups.

Question 5

After the passage of the Hortensian law, the Roman community

A)achieved total social democracy.
B)remained essentially democratic in structure for a time.
C)saw many poverty-stricken ex-farmers migrating into the city.
D)granted Italians partial citizenship rights.
E)became an autocracy.

Question 6

The Romans seem to have viewed the Greeks as

A)rivals and defeated enemies.
B)democratic role-models.
C)self-indulgent degenerates.
D)culturally superior to themselves.
E)their equals in warfare.

Question 7

Virgil's masterpiece, an epic about the founding of Rome, was

A)Meditations .
B)History of Rome .
C)The Aeneid .
D)On the Nature of Things .
E)The Iliad .

Question 8

How did the city-state of Rome gain control of the entire Italian peninsula?

A)By using naval power to colonize the southern Italian coastline.
B)In large part by using mercenaries from Gaul for military conquests.
C)By gentle persuasion and logical approaches to conflict resolution.
D)Good application of diplomacy and generous foreign aid.
E)Primarily through Roman armies in military conquest of the other Latins.

Question 9

The proportional population in early Republican Rome between patricians and plebeians stood at around

A)20:80 percent.
B)50:50 percent.
C)10:90 percent.
D)25:75 percent.
E)40:60 percent.

Question 10

Which of the following contributed greatly to the fame of Julius Caesar?

A)Caesar changed England's form of government after he conquered the region.
B)He became the first Roman emperor and ruled for many years.
C)He was assassinated by some of the Roman Senators who feared his dictatorial rule.
D)Caesar adopted Octavian and they formed the First Triumvirate.
E)His success at the Battle of Actium where he defeated Mark Antony.

Question 11

What major Phoenician colonial city-state located in North Africa had a significant cultural and military influence on Rome during the 200s B.C.E. period?

A)Carthage.
B)Timbuktu.
C)Thebes.
D)Corinth.
E)Zama.

Question 12

The Romans seem to have been the most original and innovative in

A)law and administration.
B)science.
C)mathematics.
D)religion and philosophy.
E)drama.

Question 13

Rome brought the Punic Wars to a successful conclusion with a victory in 202 B.C.E. at which battle?

A)Sicily.
B)Gibraltar.
C)Actium.
D)Zama.
E)Teutoburg.

Question 14

The actions of Marius led to

A)a professional, volunteer army that could be easily swayed.
B)mass transportation of slaves.
C)the allocation of state-owned land to soldiers.
D)greater military stability.
E)an extensive road-building program.

Question 15

According to Roman sources, which may or may not be accurate, what were some of the main reasons the Romans assert that they were able to defeat the Etruscans?

A)The Etruscans would not accept the concept of a monarchy.
B)The Etruscans enjoyed life too much to accept the training, fighting, and dying required by sustained warfare.
C)The Etruscans actually admired Roman culture and were ready to become acculturated to it.
D)The Romans had superior weapons and tactics to those of the Etruscans.
E)The Etruscan kingship and leaders of society went into a sharp decline that left the people helpless.

Question 16

An unusual aspect of the early Roman government was that

A)the General Assembly was made up entirely of plebeians, or commoners.
B)the Roman bureaucracy voluntarily began to permit plebeians to participate.
C)the Senate was less powerful than the General Assembly.
D)two consuls ran the government together, taking turns as head of the military and head of the civil government.
E)both the Senate and the General Assembly had veto power over the consuls.

Question 17

Rome's new urban proletariat

A)took over the jobs formerly held by the Senators.
B)had been forced off their lands and into the cities.
C)found it difficult to adjust to non-military life.
D)sold their labor as their only source of income.
E)began to vote more independently as time went on.

Question 18

A change that took place in Rome after the Punic Wars was that

A)military commanders came to be elected rather than appointed.
B)Rome developed a volunteer, professional army.
C)the Senate took firmer control of Rome and its military.
D)plebeians began to join the military in large numbers.
E)members of the Senate took over military strategy.

Question 19

The tribunes, who numbered about ten, were

A)the conscience of the Senate.
B)parliamentarians for the General Assembly.
C)the main representatives of the plebeians.
D)originally tax assessors.
E)representatives of the patricians.

Question 20

What reform did Augustus initiate in military matters?

A)He reduced military service time to ten years.
B)He expanded Rome's borders.
C)He introduced the use of the phalanx.
D)He cut the size of the army in half.
E)He enhanced the army's role in politics.

Question 21

In Roman families, the authority of the father over members of his household extended to the power of life and death. The Latin term for this legal authority was ____________________.

Question 22

The ____________________ that the consuls had over each other is indicative of the early Roman fear of permanent dictatorship.

Question 23

Members of the proletariat were those who owned and could sell only their ____________________.

Question 24

What did Octavian do that was so successful for Rome's government after he became Emperor and accepted the title Augustus ?

A)He disbanded the Senate and called for new elections.
B)He quietly moved most of the Senate's powers over to the General Assembly.
C)He gave citizenship to everyone in the Roman Empire.
D)He established himself as absolute dictator for life.
E)He turned Rome into a successful constitutional monarchy.

Question 25

The decisive battle of the Punic Wars was the Roman victory at ____________________ in 202 B.C.E.

Question 26

The Stoic philosopher Seneca was distinguished in his writing by a new note of

A)pessimism.
B)pragmatism.
C)humane compassion.
D)optimism.
E)detached indifference.

Question 27

The chief representatives of the populace who originally defended the interest of common Roman citizens were the ____________________.

Question 28

What was the occupation of most Roman subjects during the republic and imperial ages?

A)Slaves.
B)Merchants.
C)Artisans.
D)Soldiers and sailors.
E)Farmers.

Question 29

Augustus Caesar preferred to be called "princeps," which meant ____________________.

Question 30

Which of the following best describes Roman slavery in the 3^rd and 4^th centuries?

A)The number of slaves went down dramatically.
B)More people were selling themselves into slavery.
C)Rape of a slave was a capital offense.
D)Slavery ended in the 4^th century.
E)Roman slavery was much more benevolent than in other areas.

Question 31

Which of the following is the best description of the period of Roman history called Pax Romana ?

A)A period of Roman history marked by relative peace and prosperity begun by Augustus Caesar that lasted about 200 years.
B)The Roman solution to the Carthaginian problem whereby Rome imposed peace through overwhelming military power.
C)The Roman adventure into the Hellenistic Empires of the east to learn about how to have a kinder and gentler empire.
D)The Roman period when the rulers and average citizens embraced Egyptian beliefs and religious practices.
E)None of the options are correct.

Question 32

In actuality, the solutions Augustus used to care for the poor, such as providing grain and oil when needed, would today cause Rome to be viewed as a type of

A)commune.
B)utopian society.
C)welfare state.
D)"Great Society."
E)communist regime.

Question 33

Which of the following was one area in which male and female children were equal?

A)Consent in marriage; it was required by both parties.
B)Divorce; in fact it was easier for women to obtain a divorce.
C)Legally; men and women were considered equal.
D)Education; both girls and boys were educated.
E)They were never considered equal in any aspect.

Question 34

When conquered by Rome, the upper classes of Italy and Greece were encouraged to integrate themselves by becoming ____________________.

Question 35

One unique aspect of the Pax Romana was its

A)support for the arts.
B)brevity.
C)special consideration given to the Roman citizens.
D)extensive road system financed by taxes.
E)set of common laws that were upheld in a number of places that Rome conquered.

Question 36

Religious practices during the Roman Empire could best be described as

A)rigidly proscribed.
B)eclectic and accepting.
C)continually questioning the meaning of life.
D)unimportant to most people.
E)centered almost entirely on the mystery religions.

Question 37

Originally, the plebeians were represented in government by the ____________________, and the patricians by the ____________________.

Question 38

What is the best description of the work status of women in Roman society?

A)Women were never allowed to have professional employment.
B)Women were allowed to serve as soldiers under Octavian's reforms.
C)They worked in all trades not requiring the heaviest labor.
D)Women were excluded from religious life.
E)They were accepted as equals in all aspects of life and work.

Question 39

Roman philosophy was built almost entirely on ____________________ models.

Question 40

Roman law, like the basic law codes of many modern Western democracies, was based on the three principles of ____________________, ____________________, and ____________________.

Question 41

Term for identification: Battle of Zama

Question 42

Term for identification: Hannibal

Question 43

Term for identification: Marcus Aurelius

Question 44

Trace the development of Rome, highlighting the governmental, military, cultural, and external influences that were significant to that development.

Question 45

Assess the strengths and weaknesses of Roman Republican society.

Question 46

Term for identification: Octavian Caesar

Question 47

Term for identification: Hortensian Law

Question 48

Describe and discuss the reforms initiated by Augustus Caesar. Which would you consider most significant? How?

Question 49

Elaborate on Roman military history and its significance to Roman politics.

Question 50

Term for identification: Punic Wars

Question 51

Term for identification: Virgil

Question 52

Term for identification: senatus et populus

Question 53

Discuss Roman politics in the republic and after.

Question 54

Term for identification: Carthage

Question 55

Describe the major elements of early Roman culture.

Question 56

Term for identification: pax Romana