Deck 18: The Mongols Unify Eurasia

Question 1

The Russians called the Mongols "Tartars," or

A)"barbarian hordes."
B)"the Golden Horde."
C)"the Infidels."
D)"the Great Unwashed."
E)"people from Hell."

Answer 1

"people from Hell."

Question 2

The name Chinghis Khan means, literally,

A)Great King.
B)Fearless Warrior.
C)Strong General.
D)Mongol King.
E)Royal Leader.

Answer 2

Great King.

Question 3

How were the Mongols' tribal leaders, or khans , usually selected?

A)Their daring in sports events.
B)Their intelligence and intuitiveness.
C)Their military skills.
D)Their size and noble rank.
E)Their overall popularity.

Answer 3

Their military skills.

Question 4

Advisors finally convinced Kubilai to allow the Chinese to continue growing crops, so that they could

A)have a crop to export.
B)produce tribute for him.
C)provide for their own needs rather than relying on the Mongols.
D)feed the Mongols.
E)feed themselves.

Question 5

Chinghis Khan organized his army by

A)traditional tribal lines.
B)family alliances.
C)combining various tribal groups into large units.
D)putting all of his cavalry together.
E)forming only light, mobile units of about 1,000.

Question 6

Which of these was not a war tactic used by the Mongols?

A)Division into light and heavy cavalry.
B)Use of Chinese-style armor for the cavalry.
C)A willingness, eagerness even, to completely annihilate his enemies.
D)Instilling fear in the enemy.
E)The splitting of tribal clans into various new units.

Question 7

One of the ironies of China's invention of gunpowder was that

A)they never figured out how to use it in weapons.
B)they seem not to have thought of it as a weapon at first, and then other peoples used it against them.
C)they believed the new invention would bring them great wealth, but the opposite happened.
D)it seemed the use of gunpowder was instrumental in helping the British, rather than the Chinese, to conquer India.
E)Europeans took their own gunpowder and used it against them in weapons.

Question 8

What did the the Mongols come to believe they would have to do to satisfy their sky god, Tengri?

A)Subjugate Persia.
B)Destroy Afghanistan.
C)Conquer China.
D)Bring all of Asia under their control
E)Conquer the entire world.

Question 9

What was the Mongols' general method of ruling the subjugated peoples when the Khanate of the Golden Horde conquered the Russians?

A)The Mongols allowed the Russians to retain many of their own customs.
B)The Mongols refused to allow their Russian subjects to practice their Russian Orthodox Christianity.
C)The rulers of the Khanate imposed Muslim rule on a conquered Russia.
D)The Mongol khans were responsible for Russia's loss of prosperity.
E)The Mongols retained control of Russia until the late 1300s.

Question 10

During Kubilai Khan's rule in China, he

A)converted to Buddhism.
B)adopted the Confucian system of government examinations.
C)allowed only the Chinese mandarin elites to hold positions equal to those of the Mongols.
D)welcomed foreigners such as Marco Polo but typically preferred to spend time with native Chinese.
E)first confiscated good farmland, but when problems surfaced, changed his mind and allowed the farmers to return to their land.

Question 11

Before they became known as marauders, the Mongols generally

A)led a nomadic lifestyle, purchasing much of their food needs from the Turks.
B)fought among themselves, pastoralists vs. farmers.
C)managed to grow most of the food they needed, even though they lived on mostly grassland prairies.
D)had no religion at all.
E)were known as a peace-loving people.

Question 12

Which one of the following areas was not eventually conquered by the Mongols?

A)Southern India.
B)China.
C)Southeast Asia.
D)Russia.
E)Damascus.

Question 13

What would be a good description of the Mongols before they began their wave of conquests?

A)The Mongols were strong allies of the Chinese.
B)They were mountain dwellers who had little to do with outsiders.
C)The Mongols were mostly pastoral nomads of the Asian steppes.
D)They were a warlike clan in western Mongolia.
E)They were defeated by the Chinese more than once.

Question 14

Which of the following is most significant about Pax Mongolica ?

A)It lasted for about three hundred years.
B)Pax Mongolica brought destruction to China and Mongolia.
C)It created new opportunities for merchants and traders.
D)Pax Mongolica occurred at the same time as Pax Romana.
E)Pax Mongolica lasted only until the death of the first Great Khan.

Question 15

After the Mongol leader Hulegu captured the city of Baghdad in 1258, the Abbasid Dynasty

A)moved its center of power to Constantinople.
B)lost its caliph, and the family moved to Egypt.
C)stayed in power by converting the Mongols and convincing them that the Abbasids would rule better.
D)disappeared from history forever.
E)managed to escape with the lives of the entire royal family, and moved eastward into Persia.

Question 16

The Song Dynasty is best known for which of the following?

A)The arrival of Buddhism in China.
B)The construction of the Great Wall.
C)The commercialized economy based on agriculture and manufacturing.
D)The military conquest of Central Asia.
E)The development of maritime trade in the Pacific.

Question 17

The city of Vienna was saved from the Mongols because of

A)help received from the Russian army.
B)the death of the Great Khan.
C)the strong support of the Baghdad Caliphate.
D)a decision by the Khans to advance on the Turks.
E)rescue by the Teutonic Knights of Germany.

Question 18

What was the most important technical innovation embraced by the Song?

A)Printing.
B)The harness.
C)Calligraphy.
D)The compass.
E)Gunpowder.

Question 19

Having conquered China, the Mongols set out to

A)defeat Russia.
B)make that country look like their homeland.
C)stamp out Buddhism.
D)export Chinese agricultural practices to other parts of their empire.
E)learn the secret of the fire lance.

Question 20

During the Song Dynasty, most people lived in which of the following?

A)Urban slums.
B)House boats.
C)Large houses in large urban centers.
D)Large cities.
E)Villages.

Question 21

What was the main advantage, both strategic and tactical, that the Mongols had over their enemies?

A)Fearlessness.
B)Speed.
C)Endurance.
D)Determination.
E)Strong leadership.

Question 22

The Mongol leader originally named Temujin became one of the greatest rulers in world history and was given the title ____________________.

Question 23

Which of the following was a way the Song government encouraged trade?

A)They experimented with paper currency.
B)They expanded the use of silver coinage.
C)They allowed currency to flow outside China.
D)They encouraged banking networks.
E)All of the options are correct.

Question 24

Which of the following was/were not a product of Chinese export?

A)Silk.
B)Tea.
C)Porcelain.
D)Spices.
E)Potatoes.

Question 25

The largest unit in the Mongol army consisted of 10,000 men and was called the ____________________.

Question 26

It was often the practice of Mongol leaders to choose one of their conquered peoples' religions. Which religion did Kubilai Khan favor?

A)Buddhism.
B)Hinduism.
C)Confucianism.
D)Orthodox Christianity.
E)Islam.

Question 27

Sometimes the Mongols were able to use ____________________ to subdue their enemies without a fight.

Question 28

The feared Tamarlane became a convert to

A)Hinduism.
B)Buddhism.
C)Orthodox Christianity.
D)Islam.
E)Confucianism.

Question 29

Moving west into Arab lands, the Mongols under Hulegu captured the city of ____________________, ending ____________________ rule there.

Question 30

What was the apparent motivation for the Turco-Mongolian warlord named Timur-lenk (or Tamarlane)to conquer vast areas of land?

A)He sought to enrich his personal wealth.
B)He wanted to gain personal fame.
C)He want to keep his army engaged in combat.
D)He did it just for the sake of conquest.
E)He wanted to accumulate large numbers of slaves.

Question 31

The unified government of Asia under the Khans has been termed the ____________________.

Question 32

Yurts were Mongol

A)ponies.
B)clan leaders.
C)spiritual advisers.
D)houses.
E)places of worship.

Question 33

Judging by the previous strategies followed by the Tang and Song emperors of China in dealing with northern barbarians, when faced with the Mongol threat, one would have expected the Song to resort to

A)seeking military assistance from the caliphs at Baghdad.
B)recruiting a powerful army of mercenaries to defend their realm.
C)relying on Japanese samurai to ward off the Mongol threat.
D)playing off another steppe land ally against the Mongols.
E)retreating farther south into China.

Question 34

In a meeting at Karakorum, Temujin was given a new title, Chinghis Khan, which means ____________________.

Question 35

The Mongols brought so much destruction to the Russians that they called the invaders Tartars, or ____________________.

Question 36

Before the Mongols became terroristic warriors, they lived as ____________________.

Question 37

Through the use of terror, the Mongols

A)easily overran all enemies.
B)often were able to cow enemies into surrendering without a fight.
C)sometimes frightened even themselves.
D)were so successful in defeating opponents that they no longer had to use weapons.
E)frightened all of their enemies into thinking they were from Hell.

Question 38

Overall, the Mongols' approach to government could best be described as one of

A)concern for the commoners.
B)exploitation as often as possible.
C)conquest after conquest.
D)Both A and B.
E)Both B and C.

Question 39

The ____________________ was the group of Mongols that ruled Russia after that country's submission.

Question 40

The first phase of the Mongol conquests included a failed attempt to conquer ____________________.

Question 41

Elaborate on the rise of the Mongols, where did they originate and how did key leaders address fundamental challenges.

Question 42

Term for identification: Khanate of the Golden Horde

Question 43

Term for identification: Kubilai Khan

Question 44

Why are the Mongols significant to world history?

Question 45

Describe and analyze the Song Dynasty, what sets it apart from other dynasties?

Question 46

Term for identification: Yuan Dynasty

Question 47

Term for identification: Song Dynasty

Question 48

What limitations did the Mongols face in their conquests, and what led to the disintegration of the Mongolian Empire? Take into account the limits on conquests caused by geo-political issues, military victories and defeats, and resistance or difficulties associated with assimilation of conquered peoples.

Question 49

Term for identification: nomadic pastoralism

Question 50

It is frequently the case that conquerors assume at least some of the cultural characteristics of the areas that they conquer. Where, and to what degree, was this correct of the Mongols? Give specific examples.

Question 51

Describe and discuss the progression of Mongol conquests throughout Asia.

Question 52

Term for identification: Temujin

Question 53

Term for identification: Pax Mongolica

Question 54

Term for identification: Ain Jalut

Question 55

Term for identification: Grand Canal

Question 56

Term for identification: sternpost rudder