Deck 26: China From the Ming Through the Early Qing Dynasty

Question 1

The Chinese government limited foreign trade contacts (with the Portuguese)to the single port of

A)Macao.
B)Canton.
C)Hong Kong.
D)Nanking.
E)Nagasaki.

Answer 1

Macao.

Question 2

When the government of China was brought under the control of the Ming rulers, what did they do relative to Confucianism?

A)Confucianism was revived in even stronger form.
B)It was neglected and then suspended for a time.
C)Confucianism became less prestigious.
D)It was made the empire's official religion.
E)It was reviled and finally outlawed.

Answer 2

Confucianism was revived in even stronger form.

Question 3

During the Ming Dynasty, which city was once again made the capital of China?

A)Shanghai.
B)Macao.
C)Nanking.
D)Beijing.
E)Kowloon.

Answer 3

Beijing.

Question 4

What was the general attitude of the masses toward public officials in Ming China?

A)Forgiveness.
B)Acceptance.
C)Distrust.
D)Unease.
E)Resentment.

Question 5

Faced with piratical attacks in the 16^th century, the Chinese government

A)turned a large part of its army into a naval force.
B)abandoned many coastal areas.
C)negotiated away the rights to several islands.
D)faced them openly and defeated them.
E)refused to believe that the pirates posed a serious threat to their control.

Question 6

How did the Chinese view the results and findings of their Maritime Expeditions of the 1400s?

A)They concluded that all Westerners were evil and to be avoided.
B)They feared barbarians would try to destroy their fragile empire.
C)They thought the outside world had nothing significant to offer the Chinese.
D)They were not ready technologically to embark on lengthy sea ventures.
E)They felt that exploring an area once was sufficient, and return voyages were unnecessary.

Question 7

What would be the best description of the Ming Emperor Hongwu?

A)He was proud of being like Emperor Qin Shih Huang-di.
B)He was a stronger general than his grandson and successor, Yongle.
C)He was a generous and a good administrator.
D)He was capable of great cruelty, but also very talented.
E)He was known as a good general but not a good administrator.

Question 8

Ming/Qing government and bureaucracy were based almost entirely on

A)revisions brought about due to contact with Jesuits.
B)Confucian philosophy and ethics.
C)a constitution written by Qienlong.
D)Legalist principles.
E)Buddhist principles.

Question 9

Which of the following was strongly discouraged by Ming Confucianism?

A)Memorization.
B)Education.
C)Ethical conduct.
D)Innovation.
E)Harmony.

Question 10

Most Chinese schools of the Ming period were geared toward preparation for

A)careers in business.
B)careers in art and literature.
C)civil service examinations.
D)careers in the military.
E)foreign service examinations.

Question 11

The eyes and ears of the emperor during the Ming were the

A)eunuchs.
B)mandarins.
C)merchants.
D)court ladies.
E)foreigners.

Question 12

When the Ming Dynasty in China built up an army of one million, what was one of the primary reasons for this military growth?

A)The army was used to help restore the Great Wall.
B)The army was sent to invade and occupy Manchuria.
C)the army provided assistance in moving the capital to Beijing.
D)The only mission for the army was to fight barbarian invaders.
E)The army was always engaged in quelling unrest among the peasants.

Question 13

Confucian ethics

A)admired the capitalist entrepreneurial spirit.
B)stressed the retention of ancient value systems.
C)supported the goals of the Maritime Expeditions.
D)placed significant emphasis on the acquiring of material goods.
E)supported the development of new technologies.

Question 14

Matteo Ricci's scientific expertise contributed to

A)the opening of Chinese society to new ideas.
B)the acceptance of Western ideals in China.
C)the growing appeal of Christianity in China that lasted for centuries.
D)the establishment of a core group of Christians among China's intellectual community.
E)All of the options are correct.

Question 15

Qienlong

A)eradicated the Mongol raiders in the north.
B)brought Tibet into Chinese control for the first time.
C)treated Southeast Asian areas as voluntary satellites.
D)ruled the last two thirds of the 18^th century.
E)All of the options are correct.

Question 16

Which developments made it fairly easy for the Manzhous to subdue Ming China?

A)The decline of Confucianism.
B)The unexpected death of China's emperor.
C)The inability of the mandarins to cope with change.
D)The decline in power of the eunuchs.
E)The increasing rebellions by the peasant.

Question 17

Westerners might have had more success in opening China to trade if

A)the Jesuit missionaries had not worked so hard at converting the peasants.
B)the Portuguese had not offended Chinese sensibilities so much that they were temporarily expelled from the country.
C)the Portuguese and the Dutch had not jockeyed so hard for a favorable trade position when they arrived in China.
D)missionaries had not inadvertently brought several deadly diseases with them.
E)they had not tried to force Western scientific ideas on the Chinese.

Question 18

The Chinese conversion from Ming to Qing rule went smoothly, largely because

A)the Ming had already adopted a bit of Qing culture.
B)the Ming felt some kindred to the Qing, since both groups had been vandalized by the Mongols.
C)the Qing left many Ming officials completely in charge locally.
D)the Qing made it clear that only those who cooperated fully would be allowed to continue their trade practices.
E)the Qing realized the sophistication of the Ming and were already copying them in some ways before their conquest.

Question 19

During the Qing Dynasty, Chinese writing took on a new tone, with stories more often written about

A)court life.
B)the lives of ordinary people.
C)the emperor and his family.
D)the change in dynasties.
E)political disagreements.

Question 20

In general, what was the general condition of the residents of cities in Ming China?

A)They were uninterested in politics but much caught up in religious quests.
B)They were caught up in political intrigues.
C)They were housed and fed adequately, if not overly prosperous.
D)They were mostly relegated to menial work.
E)They were unhappy with the rule of Hongwu because trade declined.

Question 21

The outstanding Qing emperors of the 18^th century

A)learned much of political value to them from the West.
B)were cruel tyrants in their treatment of the common Chinese.
C)split governmental responsibility between Chinese and Qing.
D)tried hard to expand commerce between China and Europe.
E)rejected the traditional Chinese bureaucracy in favor of absolute rule.

Question 22

What would be the most notable quality of the Qing rulers up to the 19 ^th century?

A)The Qing rulers were corrupt and effete.
B)The Qing rulers were commercially backward.
C)The Qing rulers were bigoted and unpopular.
D)The Qing rulers were vigorous and intelligent.
E)The Qing rulers were militarily belligerent.

Question 23

____________________ were low on the social ladder despite becoming increasingly wealthy during the Ming Dynasty.

Question 24

What was the greatest loss suffered by China during the Qing period?

A)The Qing lost too much of its population.
B)The Qing lost its edge in science and technology.
C)The Qing reduced the quality of its art.
D)The Qing lost the quality of its literature.
E)The Qing allowed a decline in educational standards.

Question 25

China's 19^th century famines were caused mainly by

A)a climate change that resulted in longer, harsher winters.
B)its rapidly slowing population.
C)an abundance of technology.
D)a drive among leaders to adopt modern methods.
E)a rapid growth of population in a society without modern technology and no desire to obtain such.

Question 26

The governmental center during the Ming/Qing period was in the city of Beijing in a restricted area known as the ____________________.

Question 27

Once could say that the urban population of early Qing China

A)had a higher standard of living than some Europeans.
B)lived in squalor.
C)had little trade and commerce.
D)were all uneducated.
E)had the lowest standard of living in the world.

Question 28

The Ming Dynasty's authority was undermined and eventually overthrown by ____________________ tribesmen.

Question 29

The rebel leader Zhu rose from humble origins to take the imperial name ____________________.

Question 30

Kangxi's Sacred Edict was meant to popularize

A)Buddhism.
B)Daoism.
C)Christianity.
D)Confucianism.
E)Legalism.

Question 31

The rise in population during the Ming period was supplemented by a dramatic increase in the ____________________.

Question 32

Hybrid rice from ____________________, called Champa, allowed for increased yields and population expansion.

Question 33

During the Qing Dynasty, the most prized luxury item from China for Westerners would have been

A)coffee.
B)embroidered silk.
C)fine porcelain.
D)rice paper.
E)green tea.

Question 34

Qing invaders came to China from an area in the northeast known as ____________________.

Question 35

The last purely Chinese dynasty was the ____________________.

Question 36

What was one of the major developments under the leadership of Kangxi?

A)Kangxi never gave up the fight against intervention by Westerners.
B)Kangxi opened four ports to European traders.
C)Kangxi allowed China's river systems to decline.
D)Kangxi experienced decades of fighting with Westerners.
E)Kangxi allowed Europeans to trade, but not reside in China.

Question 37

A major reason for the Manzhou victory over the native Chinese was the support received from the

A)Jesuits.
B)Japanese.
C)mandarin officials.
D)peasants.
E)Koreans.

Question 38

Most Chinese during the Qing Dynasty were

A)farmers.
B)merchants.
C)government officials.
D)palace eunuchs.
E)military leaders.

Question 39

Among the Christian Europeans who gained the most access to, and respect of, official Chinese circles was the Jesuit, ____________________.

Question 40

The Qing Emperor Kangxi made sure he kept the Chinese food source known as the "rice bowl" productive. The "rice bowl" refers to an area located in ____________________.

Question 41

Term for identification: Qienlong

Question 42

Term for identification: Kangxi

Question 43

Describe the Ming system of bureaucracy, and evaluate its virtues and limitations.

Question 44

Describe the changes that occurred in the transition between the Ming and Qing.

Question 45

Elaborate on the culture and the cultural influences of the Ming/Qing periods including specific, significant artistic works.

Question 46

Discuss Chinese relations with other nations. Include mention of Korea, Vietnam, Japan, the Mongols, and various Western powers; think in terms of peace trade and armed conflict in each of the relationships.

Question 47

Term for identification: Yongle

Question 48

Discuss Chinese society in the Ming and Qing. What was life like for different ranks in society.

Question 49

Term for identification: Matteo Ricci

Question 50

Term for identification: Zhu Yuanzhang

Question 51

Explain the lack of an industrial revolution in China.

Question 52

Term for identification: Book of the Golden Lotus and The Dream of the Red Chamber

Question 53

Term for identification: chinoiserie

Question 54

Term for identification: Macao

Question 55

Term for identification: maritime expeditions

Question 56

Term for identification: Hongwu