Deck 32: Europe: New Ideas and New Nations

Question 1

Although nationalism started out with generally positive goals, it later degenerated into a zero-sum game concept. What was the conviction that grew out of the latter concept of nationalism?

A)The idea of cultural superiority over other nations.
B)The belief that only agrarian societies could be virtuous.
C)The belief that labor reform would heal society's ills.
D)The idea that the industrial revolution was only for European countries.
E)Unification of small principalities into larger countries was dangerous.

Answer 1

The idea of cultural superiority over other nations.

Question 2

The number one cause of death in Britain in the 19^th century was which of the following?

A)Smallpox
B)Tuberculosis
C)Malaria
D)Scurvy
E)Bubonic plague

Answer 2

Tuberculosis

Question 3

The most urgent need facing industrialized cities in the nineteenth century was

A)state sponsored education.
B)better roads.
C)less vacant housing.
D)sanitation.
E)greater food supply.

Answer 3

sanitation.

Question 4

For Europe, what was the most striking and long-term impact of the outcome of the Franco-Prussian War?

A)The amazing and immediate rise of influence in Europe by the United States.
B)The unification of the many independent sections of Germany into a country.
C)The French accepted German domination for the rest of modern history.
D)The English exploited the war between France and Germany to seize French territory.
E)The Russian were able to enact their reforms while the other countries were at war.

Question 5

In the 1800s in England, a conflict of opinion regarding labor reform involved the two main political parties. What were those political parties called?

A)Marxists and Leninists.
B)Papists and Protestants.
C)Social Democrats and Reformists.
D)Statists and Nationalists.
E)Tories and Whigs.

Question 6

Which of the following is perhaps one of the more interesting developments during the Franco-Prussian War of 1870?

A)The war lasted for several years with no clear victor.
B)The Russians opened a second front and attacked Germany from the east.
C)The United States was able to negotiate a peace treaty between France and Germany.
D)The French Emperor Louis Napoleon was captured by the Prussians.
E)The French were able to capture Otto von Bismarck, the Prussian leader.

Question 7

Russia embarked on a war to push Turkey out of southeastern Europe. This war, which also involved England and France, was known by what name?

A)The Balkans War.
B)The War to End all Wars.
C)The War of Russian Succession.
D)The Crimean War.
E)The Franco-Prussian War.

Question 8

Which ruler tried to implement a wide range of social and economic reforms in the 1800's known as  Russia's Great Reforms?

A)Louis Napoleon.
B)Lord Byron.
C)Tsar Alexander II.
D)Peter the Great.
E)Ivan the Terrible.

Question 9

In early 19^th century British factories, young girls were most often employed as machinists because

A)they would work harder.
B)they were more intelligent.
C)they were generally skilled.
D)they would work for lower wages.
E)they could crawl through machinery to make repairs.

Question 10

During the mid-1700s, most people believed that moving up in society during one's lifetime was

A)unrealistic.
B)impossible.
C)easily accomplished.
D)extremely uncommon.
E)do-able if one worked hard.

Question 11

The concepts of laissez-faire, free trade, and limited government are associated with which of the following?

A)Marxism.
B)Command economies.
C)Nationalism.
D)Free enterprise.
E)Socialism.

Question 12

The general attitude toward infants and young children before the 18^th century was one of

A)outgoing concern.
B)acknowledgment of their value.
C)emotional detachment.
D)indulgence.
E)cheerful optimism.

Question 13

Which region of the United States was the original center of American industry, such as factories that produced metal tools, textiles and shoes?

A)The Mississippi River Valley.
B)The West Coast.
C)The New England area.
D)The Deep South.
E)The Mid-Atlantic.

Question 14

In the 18^th century, an unmarried woman was generally

A)ignored.
B)exploited.
C)respected.
D)institutionalized.
E)forced into a nunnery.

Question 15

Changes in social habits after 1750 were most likely due to

A)science competing with religion due to the Enlightenment.
B)a resurgence in Puritanism.
C)increased overseas trade.
D)a global economic depression.
E)the Enlightenment's stress on education.

Question 16

Who was the upper-class English female public health pioneer who led substantive reform of the health care practices throughout most of the civilized world?

A)Queen Victoria.
B)Florence Nightingale.
C)Katherine Coaster.
D)Madame Pompadour.
E)Anastasia Thatcher.

Question 17

In 18^th-19^th century Europe, servants

A)were found in almost every household.
B)were on the decline as a class.
C)were found only in upper-class households.
D)included only women.
E)were male only.

Question 18

What were the consequences of the 1848 revolts in France?

A)Liberalization of workers' conditions and universal male suffrage.
B)A short-lived Second Republic was followed by a new Emperor.
C)Immediate re-establishment of the Jacobins to power.
D)Many French left France for life in a unified Germany.
E)Nothing changed except the name of the dictator.

Question 19

Which of the following actually changed least during the 1800s?

A)Medical care
B)Education
C)Diet and nutrition
D)Economic opportunity
E)Agriculture

Question 20

What was the belief that permanently shaped American political and social ideals between 1870-1900?

A)The belief that organized labor was the future of the country's prosperity.
B)The idea that universal suffrage was the best way to advance economic growth.
C)The belief in a relatively high degree of economic equality and opportunity.
D)The concept that reliance on England was the best way to develop the American economy.
E)The idea to compete by adopting the French and German models of export-led economic growth.

Question 21

The very earliest factories were often staffed by entire ____________________.

Question 22

As time passed, ____________________ and ____________________ replaced adult and family units in unskilled factory positions.

Question 23

The father of Italian unification was the liberal-minded aristocrat ____________________.

Question 24

The ____________________ Acts (1819 and 1833)limited the employment of minors.

Question 25

The English census of 1851 revealed that, for the first time,

A)Britain's economy dominated Europe.
B)Manchester surpassed London as a population center.
C)a majority of Britain's population lived in urban areas.
D)the male population surpassed that of the female.
E)England no longer had a frontier.

Question 26

The most significant addition to the diet of the European poor of the 18^th century was

A)citrus fruit.
B)melons.
C)the potato.
D)maize.
E)rice.

Question 27

The first significant commercial railroads linked the British industrial centers of ____________________ and ____________________.

Question 28

The idea of an ethnic group exercising control over a territory through domination and mass participation in government is known as the ____________________.

Question 29

Until the 18^th century, the ____________________ rate among infants and younger children was extremely high.

Question 30

In the Industrial Age, the gap between the rich and poor

A)widened.
B)was flexible.
C)shrunk.
D)remained constant.
E)None of the options are correct.

Question 31

Most of the population that began migrating from rural to urban areas might be classified as

A)middle aged.
B)uneducated.
C)young.
D)religious.
E)female.

Question 32

The Second Industrial Revolution was powered by

A)American ingenuity.
B)electricity.
C)coal.
D)British determination.
E)steam.

Question 33

The ____________________ Wars long acted to hinder continental European industrial development.

Question 34

The first phase of the Industrial Revolution was marked by all of the following EXCEPT

A)chemical industries.
B)use of steam power.
C)prominence of England.
D)production of textiles.
E)factories.

Question 35

The governing class in Western European cities in the 18^th century was composed of

A)the aristocracy and the wealthiest commoners, who had intermarried.
B)the military commanders responsible to the royal government.
C)the masses of urban commoners who had obtained the vote.
D)the hereditary aristocracy.
E)the few young people who were financially able to attend universities.

Question 36

Before the 18^th century, the usual attitude toward ____________________ in a family was mixture of caution and indifference.

Question 37

The basic aim of industrial production is to

A)provide more employment opportunities for the labor force.
B)allow a greater variety of jobs.
C)lower the unit cost of production.
D)discipline and organize the labor force more efficiently.
E)move farm workers into cities to work in factories.

Question 38

During the early Industrial Age, middle class families

A)sought to acquire the trappings of wealth displayed by society's elite.
B)began to consider revolutions that would be undertaken to "balance" society better.
C)spent most of their time working and caring for each other.
D)saw their living standards increase substantially.
E)spent a great deal of time traveling and entertaining.

Question 39

____________________ was the inventor of the "Spinning Jenny."

Question 40

Term for identification: Otto von Bismarck

Question 41

Compare and contrast some of the consequences of the political events around 1848 in various European countries. Include political, economic, and social aspects of the Europeans' reactions.

Question 42

Compare and contrast the political developments in France, Italy, Germany, Austria and Russia.

Question 43

Term for identification: Romantic movement

Question 44

Term for identification: Tories/Whigs

Question 45

Term for identification: British Reform Act of 1832

Question 46

Term for identification: Realpolitik

Question 47

What socialist ideas predated Karl Marx and who were the key thinkers?

Question 48

Term for identification: Franco-Prussian War

Question 49

Term for identification: socialism

Question 50

Term for identification: Confederation of Northern German States

Question 51

Term for identification: conservatism

Question 52

Discuss the concepts of economic liberalism, conservatism, nationalism, and socialism.

Question 53

Discuss the industrialization of the United States and how that nation emerges as a modern nation state.

Question 54

Term for identification: Crimean War