Deck 10: Rome From City-State to Empire

Question 1

How did passage of the Hortensian law change the Roman Republic?

A)Rome achieved total social democracy.
B)Plebians and patricians had equal voting rights.
C)Rome saw many poverty-stricken ex-farmers migrating into the city.
D)Rome granted Italians partial citizenship rights.
E)Rome became an autocracy.

Answer 1

Plebians and patricians had equal voting rights.

Question 2

What was the responsibility of the tribunes?

A)To supervise the conduct and morals of fellow Senators.
B)To act as the parliamentarians for the General Assembly.
C)To be the main representatives of the plebeians.
D)To be the tax assessors.
E)To be the representatives of the patricians.

Answer 2

To be the main representatives of the plebeians.

Question 3

Which of the following statements is NOT true of Rome's new urban proletariat?

A)They took over the jobs formerly held by the Senators.
B)They had been forced off their lands and into the cities.
C)They found it difficult to adjust to non-military life.
D)They sold their labor as their only source of income.
E)They began to vote more independently as time went on.

Answer 3

They sold their labor as their only source of income.

Question 4

How did the Romans view the Greeks?

A)as rivals and defeated enemies
B)as democratic role-models
C)as self-indulgent degenerates
D)as culturally superior to themselves
E)as their equals in warfare

Question 5

What was the approximate proportional population in early Republican Rome between patricians and plebeians?

A)20:80 percent
B)50:50 percent
C)10:90 percent
D)25:75 percent
E)40:60 percent

Question 6

What change took place in Rome after the Punic Wars?

A)The military commanders came to be elected rather than appointed.
B)Rome began a military conquest to the East.
C)The Senate took firmer control of Rome and its military.
D)The plebeians began to join the military in large numbers.
E)The members of the Senate took over military strategy.

Question 7

How did the city-state of Rome gain control of the entire Italian peninsula?

A)By using naval power to colonize the southern Italian coastline.
B)In large part by using mercenaries from Gaul for military conquests.
C)By gentle persuasion and logical approaches to conflict resolution.
D)Good application of diplomacy and generous foreign aid.
E)Primarily through Roman armies in military conquest of the other Latins.

Question 8

Which of the following was NOT a military reform instituted by Augustus?

A)He cut the size of the army in half.
B)He retained all key military posts under his direct control.
C)He made the military a professional force.
D)He reduced military service time to ten years.
E)He made the Praetorian Guard the only armed force in Italy.

Question 9

In which of these ways did the Romans exhibit their pragmatism and flexibility?

A)They allowed their soldiers to adopt different religions.
B)They incorporated conquered peoples into their military to assure they had strong numbers.
C)They took a large number of defeated peoples back to Rome to serve as manual laborers.
D)They permitted full citizenship to certain conquered peoples, thereby allowing those people to feel a deep affinity for their new leaders.
E)They encouraged their soldiers to marry young women from the conquered groups.

Question 10

What major Phoenician colonial city-state located in North Africa had a significant cultural and military influence on Rome during the 200s B.C.E. period?

A)Carthage
B)Timbuktu
C)Thebes
D)Corinth
E)Zama

Question 11

Which areas of culture were developed in truly Roman character?

A)law and administration
B)science
C)mathematics
D)religion and philosophy
E)drama

Question 12

Which of the following statements is true of early Roman government?

A)The General Assembly was made up entirely of plebeians, or commoners.
B)The Roman bureaucracy voluntarily began to permit plebeians to participate.
C)The Senate was less powerful than the General Assembly.
D)Two consuls ran the government together, taking turns as head of the military and head of the civil government.
E)Both the Senate and the General Assembly had veto power over the consuls.

Question 13

What was the strategy the Romans used to defeat the Carthaginian general, Hannibal?

A)The Romans used modern technology they had taken from the Etruscans and Greeks.
B)The Romans invaded Carthage, which forced Hannibal to leave Italy to defend his homeland.
C)The Romans gained control of Sicily so that Hannibal could not get reinforcements.
D)By using a "scorched earth" policy depriving Hannibal's army of food and supplies.
E)By confronting the Carthaginians in Spain to divert Hannibal's attention away from Italy.

Question 14

What was the reason Rome did not immediately seek to control all of the Hellenistic kingdoms?

A)political: Some politicians supported expansion and some did not.
B)economic: There was nothing to be gained in acquiring that territory.
C)social: Romans never tried to incorporate new people into their society.
D)cultural: Romans felt they were superior to Greek society in every way.
E)diplomatic: They wanted to broker a peace between the quarreling Greeks.

Question 15

Which Roman literary work became the official version of Rome's founding?

A)Marcus Aurelius' Meditations
B)Livy's The Early  History of Rome
C)Virgil's Aeneid
D)Lucretius' On the Nature of Things
E)Homer's Iliad

Question 16

According to Roman sources, what were the main reasons the Romans asserted that they were able to defeat the Etruscans?

A)The Etruscans would not accept the concept of a monarchy.
B)The Etruscans enjoyed life too much to accept the training, fighting, and dying required by sustained warfare.
C)The Etruscans actually admired Roman culture and were ready to become acculturated to it.
D)The Romans had superior weapons and tactics to those of the Etruscans.
E)The Etruscan kingship and leaders of society went into a sharp decline that left the people helpless.

Question 17

What was the main source of conflict between Rome and Carthage that led to the First Punic War?

A)the contest for dominance over Spain
B)a struggle over control of the Middle East
C)disagreements on trade policies regarding Egyptian grain
D)the political intrigues of the Hellenistic Empires
E)control and possession of the island of Sicily

Question 18

Which of the following contributed greatly to the downfall of Julius Caesar?

A)Caesar changed England's form of government after he conquered the region.
B)He became the first Roman emperor and ruled for many years.
C)He made himself dictator and subordinated the Senate to him.
D)Caesar adopted Octavian and they formed the First Triumvirate.
E)His success at the Battle of Actium where he defeated Mark Antony.

Question 19

Rome brought the Punic Wars to a successful conclusion with a victory in 202 B.C.E. at which battle?

A)Sicily
B)Gibraltar
C)Actium
D)Zama
E)Teutoburg

Question 20

What change did Consul Gaius Marius make that led to instability in the Republic?

A)He abolished the property qualification for soldiers.
B)He instituted mass transportation of slaves.
C)He allowed the allocation of state-owned land to soldiers.
D)He created greater military stability.
E)He established an extensive road-building program.

Question 21

The chief representatives of the populace who originally defended the interest of common Roman citizens were the ____________________.

Question 22

What was a significant difference between Roman religion and the religion of other ancient civilizations?

A)It was a monotheistic religion with the emperor as a god.
B)The gods provided ethical guidance to society.
C)The religion emphasized an afterlife.
D)Priests and priestess held significant power and prestige in Roman society.
E)Worship of deities was more like a patriotic celebration and far less religious.

Question 23

The decisive battle of the Punic Wars was the Roman victory at ____________________ in 202 B.C.E.

Question 24

The alliance between Julius Caesar, Crassus, and Pompey was called the ____________________.

Question 25

What was the occupation of most Roman subjects during the republic and imperial ages?

A)slaves
B)merchants
C)artisans
D)soldiers and sailors
E)farmers

Question 26

Which of the following was one area in which male and female children were equal?

A)consent in marriage: It was required by both parties.
B)divorce: In fact, it was easier for women to obtain a divorce.
C)legally: Men and women were considered equal.
D)education: Both girls and boys were educated.
E)They were never considered equal in any aspect.

Question 27

Which of the following deities was considered the father figure for Romans?

A)Zeus
B)Jupiter
C)Augustus
D)Neptune
E)Mars

Question 28

Members of the proletariat were those who owned and could sell only their ____________________.

Question 29

Augustus Caesar preferred to be called princeps , which meant ____________________.

Question 30

____________________ was a philosophy adopted by the upper classes in third and fourth-century Rome.

Question 31

In Roman families, the authority of the father over members of his household extended to the power of life and death. The Latin term for this legal authority was ____________________.

Question 32

How did Roman slavery change in the third and fourth  centuries B.C.E.?

A)The number of slaves went down dramatically.
B)More people were selling themselves into slavery for a better life.
C)Rape of a slave was a capital offense.
D)Slaves had to pay taxes.
E)Roman slavery was much more benevolent than in other areas.

Question 33

What was the status of all women in Roman society?

A)Women were never allowed to have professional employment.
B)They fell under sui iuris  and were legally equal to all males.
C)Women were the property of a male relative who was legally responsible for them.
D)Women were excluded from religious life.
E)They were accepted as equals in all aspects of life and work.

Question 34

Which of the following is the best description of the period of Roman history called Pax Romana ?

A)A period of Roman history marked by relative peace and prosperity begun by Augustus Caesar that lasted about 200 years.
B)The Roman solution to the Carthaginian problem whereby Rome imposed peace through overwhelming military power.
C)The Roman adventure into the Hellenistic empires of the east to learn about how to have a kinder and gentler empire.
D)The Roman period when the rulers and average citizens embraced Egyptian beliefs and religious practices.
E)The period in the Roman Republic when Sulla became dictator.

Question 35

What reform of government did Augustus institute to make Rome successful?

A)He disbanded the Senate and called for new elections.
B)He quietly moved most of the Senate's powers over to the General Assembly.
C)He gave citizenship to everyone in the Roman Empire.
D)He established himself as absolute dictator for life.
E)He turned Rome into a successful constitutional monarchy.

Question 36

Originally, the plebeians were represented in government by the ____________________, and the patricians by the ____________________.

Question 37

The chief executive power of the Roman Republic was held by the____________________, who were elected to serve a one-year term.

Question 38

What tone did the philosopher Seneca take in his writings that was different from other Roman Stoics?

A)pessimism
B)pragmatism
C)humane compassion
D)optimism
E)detached indifference

Question 39

Roman law, like the basic law codes of many modern Western democracies, was based on the three principles of ____________________, ____________________, and ____________________.

Question 40

In actuality, the solutions Augustus used to care for the poor, such as providing grain and oil when needed, would today cause Rome to be viewed as what type of society?

A)commune
B)utopian society
C)welfare state
D)res publica
E)communist regime

Question 41

Term for identification: Punic Wars

Question 42

Trace the development of Rome, highlighting the governmental, military, cultural, and external influences that were significant to that development.

Question 43

Term for identification: Battle of Zama

Question 44

Explain the similarities and differences in Roman politics from the Roman Republic to the rule of the Triumvirates. How did politics in the Roman Empire affect Roman subjects?

Question 45

Analyze the strengths and weaknesses of Roman Republican society including the roles of men, women, and children as well as class structure.

Question 46

Term for identification: Etruscans

Question 47

Describe and discuss the reforms initiated by Augustus Caesar. Which would you consider most significant? Support your answers with examples.

Question 48

Term for identification: Carthage

Question 49

Compare and contrast the native Roman culture and the borrowed culture of the Greeks. Explain how the Romans took Greek culture and made it their own.

Question 50

Term for identification: Julius Caesar

Question 51

Trace the development of the Roman military and its significance to Roman politics.

Question 52

Term for identification: patria potestas

Question 53

Term for identification: P ax Romana

Question 54

Term for identification: ius gentium

Question 55

Term for identification: tribunes

Question 56

Term for identification: plebeians