Deck 2: Religious Divisions and Political Consolidation in Europe

Question 1

What role did the Peace of Augsburg play in the conflicts of the German states?

A)It led to England becoming an imperial power.
B)It led to the formation of the Puritan sect.
C)It stopped the persecution of the Huguenots.
D)It led to a shift in enforcement of the Counter-Reformation.
E)It divided Germany into Catholic and Lutheran areas.

Answer 1

It divided Germany into Catholic and Lutheran areas.

Question 2

Which statement describes the rule of the Lord Protector of England?

A)He enjoyed the support of a large majority of the population.
B)He required high taxes to quell numerous rebellions, including those in Ireland and Scotland.
C)He was less successful than his son, who succeeded him.
D)He enjoyed cordial relations with the Parliament.
E)He oversaw the restoration of Charles II to the throne.

Answer 2

He required high taxes to quell numerous rebellions, including those in Ireland and Scotland.

Question 3

What was the main difference between Calvinism and most previous Christian movements?

A)the belief in justification by faith
B)the concept of predestination of souls
C)how to achieve salvation through works
D)who determines correct Bible interpretation
E)who was responsible for original sin

Answer 3

the concept of predestination of souls

Question 4

Which of these was NOT a major reason for German support for reform within the Church?

A)The existence of many small principalities too weak to fight Church leadership.
B)The anger over forced taxation by Rome.
C)The charismatic sermons delivered by Martin Luther to the German poor.
D)The desire of many German princes to find a just cause for challenging Roman authority.
E)The anger of German government leaders that the money they sent to Rome was being used to pursue goals they did not support.

Question 5

What was the ultimate result of the Treaty of Utrecht?

A)It was considered the first modern state treaty.
B)It was an attempt to examine the Church's basic doctrines and goals.
C)A Bourbon family member was placed on the Spanish throne, uniting Spain and France.
D)England gained numerous territorial possessions enabling her to become an imperial power.
E)It ended the ten year civil war dividing Germany between Catholic and Protestant.

Question 6

Why was absolute monarchy able to develop more effectively in Eastern Europe?

A)Eastern Europe had unstable borders.
B)There was a broader middle-class expansion.
C)There were too many Muslim-Christian conflicts.
D)Because of the ability of noble landlords to maintain feudalism.
E)Mostly because of a lack of education on the part of the peasants.

Question 7

What was the main issue that sparked the Lutheran Reformation?

A)Papal defiance of the emperor.
B)Immorality in convents and monasteries.
C)The sales of indulgences and papal supremacy.
D)Salvation through works.
E)The Investiture Controversy and the Babylonian Captivity.

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT true of the Treaty of Westphalia?

A)It ended the Thirty Years' War.
B)It is considered the first modern state treaty.
C)Dutch Protestants were freed from Spanish rule.
D)It failed to settle the religious issues of the Investiture Controversy.
E)It stressed the importance of a sovereign state.

Question 9

What was significant about the Council of Trent?

A)It met for almost ten years.
B)It examined and clarified doctrines and goals of the Catholic Church.
C)It established the Jesuit order.
D)It reversed the Church's position on Luther and Protestantism.
E)It included numerous Protestant observers.

Question 10

What was the clearest difference between Lutheranism and Catholicism?

A)the adherence to predestination
B)the concept of the Trinity
C)the belief in justification by faith
D)acceptance of royal supremacy
E)the insistence on adult baptism

Question 11

Which Protestant sect attempted to establish a republic in the city of Münster?

A)Anabaptists
B)Zwinglists
C)Anglicans
D)Puritans
E)Presbyterians

Question 12

What was the legacy of the Calvinist faith?

A)It became the early evolution of the Episcopal church.
B)It developed into a nationalistic religion supported by a select few countries.
C)It became a liberal faith that upset the more radical sects of Protestantism.
D)It became an international faith but did not identify with any one region.
E)It became a vehicle for a return to conservative views about religion.

Question 13

Which monarch tried to briefly restore Catholicism to official status in England?

A)Henry VIII
B)Mary I
C)Edward VI
D)Elizabeth I
E)Richard III

Question 14

Which of the following statements was NOT true of Calvinism?

A)By about 1570, Calvinists had gained control of most of Europe, including France and England.
B)Calvinists believed that the church body could choose as well as change their pastors at will.
C)Calvinists did not develop a clerical hierarchy, but there were elected elders.
D)Calvinists believed that they must defy secular laws if those laws conflicted with God's word.
E)The governing body of the church included both clerical leaders and ordinary members.

Question 15

What was the overall message conveyed in   Leviathan ?

A)Humanity would find its way to a better future.
B)Humanity could make more progress once religion was abolished.
C)Humanity was irredeemably stained by original sin.
D)Humanity by nature would do good if taught to do so.
E)Humanity recognized its need for a strong government to maintain control of society.

Question 16

What group of reform-minded Calvinists considered the Anglican church to be too close to Catholicism?

A)Lollards
B)Anabaptists
C)Mennonites
D)Puritans
E)Zwinglists

Question 17

What was the purpose of the Act of Supremacy of 1534?

A)It dissolved English monasteries.
B)It made the English monarch head of the Anglican Church.
C)It declared the pope a heretic.
D)It put England in the Lutheran camp.
E)It settled the Investiture Controversy.

Question 18

What was the major significance of England's Glorious Revolution?

A)The people actually pushed for the calling of William and Mary to take the helm.
B)William and Mary became beloved leaders who ruled for several decades.
C)England obtained a standing army and kept it, even during times of peace.
D)Parliament, representing the people, made Britain a constitutional state by taking sovereignty from the monarchy.
E)Elizabeth was removed from the throne.

Question 19

Who is credited with turning the Protestant movement into an international theological rebellion against Rome?

A)Cardinal Richelieu
B)Henry VIII
C)Martin Luther
D)John Calvin
E)Ulrich Zwingli

Question 20

Which of the following was NOT significant about Peter I's reign?

A)He brought in foreign specialists to teach Russians.
B)He was the first to recognize how backward Russia had become.
C)He encouraged cultural advances including a newspaper and academic journal.
D)He built a Russian navy, which made Russia a maritime power.
E)He began the process of modernizing Russia's monarchy to imitate England.

Question 21

Which of the following was true of Maria Theresa?

A)She chose to divide her empire into provinces in order to decentralize the government.
B)Under her leadership, Austria won Silesia during the War of the Austrian Succession.
C)She abdicated in favor of her son Joseph when he came of age in 1780.
D)Contemporaries suggested the empress regretted that she selected Joseph over his brother Leopold.
E)She modernized the armed forces and civil bureaucracy of Austria.

Question 22

Which of the following defines the term absolutism ?

A)The rights of man include life, liberty, and property.
B)Some natural rights are given up voluntarily to form a government.
C)The state and the monarchy derive power from the people not God.
D)The state represented order, rule of law, and security for the citizenry.
E)The giving of laws to people without their consent.

Question 23

The English monarch King Henry VIII was declared the supreme head of the ____________________ by the Act of Supremacy of Church in 1534.

Question 24

The Index , the Inquisition, and the Jesuits all formed a part of which of the following?

A)Lutheranism
B)Anglicanism
C)Calvinism
D)the Counter-Reformation
E)Protestantism

Question 25

What was one of the major accomplishments of the Prussian ruler Frederick William, the Great Elector?

A)He led Prussia through the Seven Years' War.
B)He doubled the revenues available to his country.
C)He established Prussia's first professional standing army.
D)He helped defeat Austria during the Seven Years' War.
E)He attempted to end feudalism in his domains.

Question 26

The  ____________________ were persecuted French Protestants who were given freedom to worship, hold office, and fortify their towns in 1598.

Question 27

The most concrete result of the Glorious Revolution was the creation of the ____________________.

Question 28

Why did Pope Paul III allow the Jesuits to organize?

A)To seek out and destroy texts listed on the Index of forbidden books.
B)To educate people so they could bring souls into or back into the Catholic Church through education.
C)To help bring sinners to justice during the Inquisition.
D)To educate the world as to the major differences between Catholics and Protestants.
E)To assist Ignatius of Loyola in obtaining papal permission to found their new religious order.

Question 29

The ____________________ ended the German civil war between Catholics and Lutherans.

Question 30

Which dynasty ruled Russia from 1613 to 1917?

A)Habsburg
B)Hohenzollern
C)Romanov
D)Muscovite
E)Hanover

Question 31

____________________ was a 16th-century Russian monarch who persecuted any who dared question his will.

Question 32

The first attempt to return the Catholic Church to its basic ideas since Roman times was the ____________________.

Question 33

Cardinal Richelieu set up a network of officials in the provinces known as  ____________________,  who reported to the French king's ministers.

Question 34

All of these were legacies of the Reformation EXCEPT

A)a higher literacy rate
B)an emphasis on the individual's moral responsibility
C)a closer relationship between ordinary church members and their faith
D)an increased tolerance for other peoples and other points of view
E)more conflicts as nationalism became more prevalent

Question 35

What mission did Philip II attempt to accomplish?

A)Maintaining the Netherlands as a Catholic stronghold.
B)Incorporating all of Italy into his empire.
C)Defeating the Ottoman Turks and reestablishing Catholicism among the Protestants.
D)Maintaining a close relationship with England despite his fruitless courting of Queen Elizabeth.
E)Extracting as much gold and silver from the New World as was available.

Question 36

Ignatius of Loyola is associated with the founding of the ____________________ order.

Question 37

The Mennonite and Amish sects derive from a Reformation movement known as ____________________.

Question 38

In which country did the Edict of Nantes grant limited toleration for Protestants?

A)England
B)Spain
C)Germany
D)France
E)Switzerland

Question 39

In an attempt to restore Catholicism in England, Philip II suffered the destruction of his ____________________ in 1588.

Question 40

Which of the following did NOT result from the defeat of the Spanish Armada in 1588?

A)It signaled the breakup of Spain's empire.
B)It showed that England should also be considered as one of the world's great powers.
C)It gave the French Protestants hope for their future.
D)It was a catalyst for the Dutch Calvinists to gain full independence decades later.
E)It suggested the end of Spain as a military power.

Question 41

Term for identification: Queen Elizabeth I

Question 42

Term for identification: intendants

Question 43

Term for identification: Treaty of Westphalia

Question 44

Trace English religious history  from Henry VIII through the Glorious Revolution  including the Anglican Church's early development and highlighting challenges between Protestants and Catholics.

Question 45

Term for identification: Ninety-five Theses

Question 46

Discuss the impact of the Protestant Reformation on European politics. How did the Reformation lead to the rise of the absolutist state?

Question 47

Term for identification: Edict of Nantes

Question 48

In what ways did Catholicism respond to the Protestant onslaught? How did this crystallize into the Counter-Reformation? Discuss the major elements of the Counter-Reformation.

Question 49

Explain the major ways in which Eastern Europe differed from Western Europe in the 17^th and 18^th centuries including political, economic, and religious aspects.

Question 50

Term for identification: John Calvin

Question 51

Term for identification: Bill of Rights of 1689

Question 52

Term for identification: Romanov Dynasty

Question 53

Term for identification: Anabaptists

Question 54

Discuss the benefits and shortcomings of the concept of 17th-c entury absolutism in Europe. In which country did absolutism develop? Explain the philosophical responses to absolutism.

Question 55

Term for identification: Counter-Reformation

Question 56

Compare and contrast Lutheranism and Calvinism in regard to geography, theology, and the response of the Catholic Church.