Deck 9: Liberalism and the Challenge to Absolute Monarchy

Question 1

What was the purpose of the Navigation Acts?

A)The Navigation Acts demanded the use of British ships for colonial trade.
B)The Navigation Acts were supposed to enforce proper seamanship.
C)The Navigation Acts were designed to encourage competition among shippers.
D)The Navigation Acts encouraged trade via land-based transportation means.
E)The Navigation Acts led to improved road signs and directions for travelers.

Answer 1

The Navigation Acts demanded the use of British ships for colonial trade.

Question 2

Which of the following was the source for 19th-century liberalism?

A)the Renaissance
B)the Spanish Inquisition
C)the Glorious Revolution
D)the Enlightenment
E)the Counter-Reformation

Answer 2

the Enlightenment

Question 3

What was voting based on in the Estates General?

A)the representative's income
B)the amount of taxes one paid
C)educational level
D)proportional representation
E)estates that voted as a bloc

Answer 3

estates that voted as a bloc

Question 4

The French clergy and nobility owned what proportion of the real estate in France?

A)20 percent
B)40 percent
C)30 percent
D)59 percent
E)75 percent

Question 5

Which of the following states was NOT part of the Quadruple Alliance?

A)Britain
B)Austria
C)Spain
D)Prussia
E)Russia

Question 6

When did the National Constituent Assembly say it would leave Paris?

A)When taxes on the middle class were reduced.
B)When Louis XVI abdicated the throne.
C)When peasants were granted land ownership.
D)When France had a constitution.
E)When land was confiscated from the Church.

Question 7

What British government act generated a major colonial protest in 1765?

A)Stamp Act
B)Navigation Acts
C)Declaratory Acts
D)Townshend Acts
E)Quartering Act

Question 8

Which country's government served as a role model for 18th- century liberals?

A)France
B)Switzerland
C)Spain
D)England
E)Egypt

Question 9

Which of the following groups were the leaders of the American Revolution?

A)farmers
B)the middle class
C)plantation owners
D)the wealthy
E)recent immigrants

Question 10

Why did the British government impose new taxes on their American colonists?

A)To pay for the support of the Anglican Church.
B)To pay for the large standing army needed to protect Canadian and American frontiers.
C)To pay for the Thirty Years' War.
D)To pay for the Hanover kings' lavish lifestyles and regal courts.
E)To pay for the defense of the British homeland against attacks from the French.

Question 11

Why did liberals NOT trust total democracy as a form of government?

A)They believed it was not a workable government model.
B)They feared mob rule.
C)They felt the checks-and-balances system was inadequate.
D)They feared power would corrupt all government institutions.
E)They wanted to limit the monarchy's power but allow the monarchy the final decision on matters.

Question 12

At the outset of the revolt against England, American colonists wanted which of the following?

A)complete freedom
B)a true democracy
C)a theocracy
D)representation in Parliament
E)​an independent nation

Question 13

What event during the French Revolution led to the counterrevolution?

A)Protest over the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizens.
B)Protest over the Civil Constitution of the Clergy.
C)Protest over the storming of the Bastille.
D)Protest over the Jacobin Terror.
E)Protest over the execution of the king and queen.

Question 14

Which was NOT a belief of an 18th-century liberal?

A)equality before the law
B)freedom of self-determination
C)freedom of the press
D)freedom of assembly
E)liberty of conscience

Question 15

During the height of the Reign of Terror, which three notable concepts developed?

A)Egalité, Liberté, and Fraternité .
B)All for one, one for all; and might makes right.
C)France over all; Those who are not for us are against us; and May God save the king.
D)Levée en masse, La Grande Armée, and Sic semper tyrannis.
E)Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Happiness.

Question 16

From the liberal perspective, what should be the most powerful branch of government?

A)executive
B)judiciary
C)legislature
D)aristocracy
E)monarchy

Question 17

When did the confrontation between France's king and the National Assembly begin?

A)With the storming of the Bastille.
B)With the establishment of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen.
C)On the arrest of the queen.
D)On the writing of a new constitution.
E)With the demand for "one man, one vote."

Question 18

What did 19th-century liberals believe was the cure for many of society's problems?

A)financial success
B)religion
C)urban living
D)education
E)rationalism

Question 19

Which colony was at the center of the unrest in the American colonies?

A)Plymouth
B)Georgia
C)Massachusetts Bay
D)the Carolinas
E)Virginia

Question 20

In France, prior to the French Revolution, what were the three estates ?

A)The Primary Estate of the ruling class, the Mass Estate made up of the peasants and military, and the Church Estate of the clergy.
B)The First Estate made up of the clergy, the Second Estate consisting of the nobility, and the Third Estate, which included everyone else.
C)The Philosophes Estate made up of intellectuals, the Major Estates consisting of the government, and the General Estate of the masses.
D)The First Estate consisting of the press, the Jacobins Estate composed of the terrorists, and the Liberty Estate of wealthy land owners.
E)The First Estate made up of the clergy; the Second Estate consisting of the military; and the Third Estate which included everyone else.

Question 21

The executive power during the Reign of Terror was exercised by the ____________________.

Question 22

Napoleon did all of the following EXCEPT

A)Created legal and civil codes.
B)Dealt successfully with France's finances.
C)Created administrative and judicial systems that are still in use today.
D)Called for free and open elections for all governmental positions.
E)Granted legal title to peasants for the land they had seized.

Question 23

What was the result of Napoleon's invasion of Russia?

A)The invasion was a success.
B)The guerrilla warfare tactic was found to be a successful form of warfare.
C)The remaining one-third of Napoleon's army endured a long retreat.
D)The summer invasion resulted in a quick retreat.
E)The Russians and French established a long-term alliance.

Question 24

What leader came closest to amassing the necessary qualities to be labeled a true enlightened despot ?

A)Louis XIV
B)Louis XV
C)Napoleon
D)Robespierre
E)Prince Metternich

Question 25

Under the ____________________, France agreed to help the Americans with both monetary aid and manpower during the American Revolution.

Question 26

What ended the Jacobin Terror in France?

A)Napoleon's coup d'état
B)Establishment of the Directory
C)Napoleon's execution
D)Louis XVI's execution
E)Robespierre's execution

Question 27

The levée en masse was the ____________________ assembled by the Jacobins to fight for the Revolution.

Question 28

What was the purpose of the levée en masse  in France?

A)redistribution of wealth
B)radical constitution
C)army of draftees
D)state-controlled church
E)better trade situation

Question 29

What was the Thermidorian Reaction against?

A)the extreme measures taken during the Reign of Terror
B)the king's tyranny
C)the execution of the king
D)the Directory's incompetence
E)Napoleon's intrigues

Question 30

Liberals of the 18th  century generally believed that ____________________ was the best cure for society's problems.

Question 31

The ____________________ was a document that demonstrated a large number of men could create a moderate system of self-government with elected representatives.

Question 32

On what government was the French Constitution of 1791 closely modeled?

A)England
B)Switzerland
C)Belgium
D)the United States
E)the Netherlands

Question 33

The     ____________________ , also known as the Old System in Europe, could not be reconstructed after the wars and revolutions from 1789 to 1813.

Question 34

Which of the following is true of the Battle of Trafalgar?

A)It ensured French domination of most of the continent.
B)It frustrated a potential French invasion of England.
C)It knocked the Russians out of the anti-French coalition.
D)It made it necessary for France to sell the Louisiana Territory to the United States.
E)It was Napoleon's last victory over England.

Question 35

Napoleon's military forces were known as ____________________.

Question 36

Which of the following was NOT considered in the negotiations at Vienna?

A)The right of forcibly deposed monarchs to regain their thrones.
B)The right of working people to determine their form of government.
C)The responsibility of nations to work together to promote peace.
D)The need to suppress rebellions in the future.
E)The return to the old system of European government and society.

Question 37

After war broke out with Prussia and Austria in 1792, the radical ____________________ took over the government in France.

Question 38

The Civil Constitution of the Clergy provided for ____________________ of the Church's property.

Question 39

The ____________________, fought with Napoleon on one side and a coalition of Russian, Prussian, and Austrian forces on the other, led to Napoleon's abdication.

Question 40

Who did Napoleon fight against in his Egyptian campaign?

A)Russia
B)Britain
C)Morocco
D)Spain
E)Austria

Question 41

Define the essential elements of the Vienna Settlement. How successful was the agreement?

Question 42

Term for identification: Estates General

Question 43

Evaluate the positive and negative aspects of Napoleon as a military leader and ruler. Did he fulfill any of the French Revolutionaries' goals? Defend your answer using examples.

Question 44

Term for identification: Directory

Question 45

Term for identification: Civil Code of 1804

Question 46

Term for identification: Navigation Acts

Question 47

Term for identification: Seven Years' War

Question 48

Term for identification: Waterloo

Question 49

Term for identification: Maximilien Robespierre

Question 50

Term for identification: Alliance of 1778

Question 51

Describe the general course of the American Revolution. What factors led to the start of the American Revolution? What factors contributed to an American victory over such a strong empire as Britain?

Question 52

Explain the evolution of the Jacobin regime in France. In what ways did Jacobins implement its policies of "terror"? What brought the Jacobins and the Reign of Terror to an end?

Question 53

Explain liberalism and the role key Enlightenment thinkers played in developing the liberal creed.

Question 54

Term for identification: Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizens

Question 55

Discuss the similarities and differences between the American Revolution and the French Revolution including reasons for the revolutions, the execution of the revolutions' goals, and the result of the revolutions. How did each revolution impact the Western nations?

Question 56

Term for identification: Jacobins