Deck 10: The Early Industrial Revolution

Question 1

Before the 18th century, what was the more common system for entrepreneurial production?

A)slave labor
B)the putting-out system
C)the factory system
D)government work
E)collective work sites

Answer 1

the putting-out system

Question 2

In the centuries following the advent of the Industrial Revolution, massive numbers of people moved to the cities in a movement called?

A)agrarian relocation
B)urban growth
C)urban migration
D)urban immigration
E)agrarian decay

Answer 2

urban migration

Question 3

What was the collective term used to refer to some of the reforms to reduce labor abuses?

A)The Declaratory Act
B)The Factory Acts
C)The Bill of Rights
D)The Magna Carta
E)The Declaration of Rights of Man and Citizen

Answer 3

The Factory Acts

Question 4

Which of the following  prerequisites  were necessary for the Industrial Revolution?

A)Legal changes that forced women into the workplace, outlawed child labor, and ended private farm holdings.
B)An upsurge in world trade and a social revolution to start the dictatorship of the proletariat.
C)A society willing to embrace child labor and involuntary servitude among the working classes.
D)An upsurge in world trade, a rising population, and an increase in the flow of money.
E)A monopoly on the knowledge of how to use steam and cornering the world markets on iron ore.

Question 5

Which of the following was true of European cities in the 19th  century?

A)Poverty became much more visible due to the increased number of poor.
B)Most of the wealthy citizens had made their money in the Industrial Revolution.
C)Material life improved for all classes.
D)The middle-class entertained with lavish style much the same as the aristocracy.
E)The gap between the rich and poor declined during the Industrial Revolution.

Question 6

All of the following were true of female employment in the Industrial Revolution EXCEPT

A)They had the option to leave the rural life or become live-in servants.
B)The Industrial Revolution opened new choices in occupations for women.
C)Many remained unmarried and sent part of their wages home to support family.
D)They worked for lower wages than young men in the factories.
E)Many preferred to work in the factories rather than in domestic service.

Question 7

What was one of the earlier products of the Industrial Revolution that benefited men and women directly?

A)the iron plow
B)rifled firearms
C)hybrid seeds
D)underclothing
E)printed books

Question 8

What led to the changes in Western social habits after 1750?

A)science competing with religion due to the Enlightenment
B)a resurgence in Puritanism
C)increased overseas trade
D)a global economic depression
E)the Enlightenment's stress on education

Question 9

The number one cause of death in Britain during the 19 th  century was which of the following?

A)smallpox
B)tuberculosis
C)malaria
D)scurvy
E)bubonic plague

Question 10

Which of the following best describes some of the major advantages railroads had over more traditional shipping methods in the 19th century?

A)Steam-powered locomotives were simple machines and quickly allowed for transportation growth.
B)Private companies and individuals like Isambard Brunel built the early railroads.
C)By the 1860s, railroads were in government hands except in the United States.
D)The railroads greatly reduced costs of shipping and personal travel.
E)Railroads could go anywhere anytime so they had more mobility than other shipping means.

Question 11

Which of the following actually changed least during the 1800s?

A)medical care
B)education
C)diet and nutrition
D)economic opportunity
E)agriculture

Question 12

The first phase of the Industrial Revolution was marked by all of the following EXCEPT

A)chemical industries
B)use of steam power
C)prominence of England
D)production of textiles
E)factories

Question 13

Which of the following best describes most of the population at the beginning of urban migration ?

A)middle aged
B)uneducated
C)young
D)religious
E)female

Question 14

Why were the Industrial Revolution's new processes slow to spread from England to other countries?

A)The breakdown diffusion of innovations, which kept new ideas and techniques from spreading .
B)England treating industrial techniques as state secrets to protect their technological knowledge.
C)The relative ignorance of non-English peoples when it came to mechanical devices.
D)The fear of steam and its potential for dangerous scalding of human skin.
E)England failed to understand the magnitude of the Industrial Revolution so the information was not communicated.

Question 15

What was the new source of energy that was key to early industrialization as a mechanical process?

A)petroleum
B)solar power
C)steam power
D)horsepower
E)water power

Question 16

What was the general attitude toward infants and young children before the 18th  century?

A)ongoing concern
B)acknowledgment of their value
C)emotional detachment
D)indulgence
E)cheerful optimism

Question 17

What was the most pressing problem facing industrialized cities in the 19th century?

A)state sponsored education
B)better roads
C)housing shortage
D)sanitation
E)greater food supply

Question 18

At the beginning of industrialization, how did the British landlords react to the agricultural changes?

A)They waited to see how successful the Dutch would be.
B)They made a few changes that brought somewhat increased crop yields for local villagers.
C)They enthusiastically adopted the new techniques and began to produce crops for sale in the cities.
D)They hesitated to change methods, concerned about what would happen to their loyal workers.
E)They rejected the enclosed-field system, because their plots of land were so small.

Question 19

What was the primary goal of industrial production?

A)To allow the British to extend their empire by building better ships and guns.
B)To lessen the unit cost of production through improved technology.
C)To provide good wages for workers and improve their lives via government welfare programs.
D)To help farmers by having a large urban workforce who needs their farm products.
E)To help raise civilian morale levels through strict regulation of work and leisure hours.

Question 20

What provides power to the Third Industrial Revolution?

A)the computer
B)the government
C)fiber optics
D)the airplane
E)fossil fuels

Question 21

The ____________________ class included landlords, tradesmen, and professionals who were well-educated and upwardly mobile.

Question 22

The city of ____________________ was considered the English textile center in the early Industrial Revolution.

Question 23

Which of the following best describes the gap between the rich and poor i n the Industrial Age?

A)widened
B)was flexible
C)shrank
D)remained constant
E)had peaks and valleys

Question 24

The first significant commercial railroads linked the British industrial centers of ____________________ and ____________________.

Question 25

What were the basic raw materials used in the early industrial age?​

A)​sugar and silk
B)​steam and cotton
C)​silk and cotton
D)​steam and coal
E)​coal and cotton

Question 26

Clerks, artisans, skilled workers, and independent shopkeepers belonged to which of the following urban classes?

A)aristocracy
B)bourgeoisie
C)lower-middle class
D)working class
E)upper-middle class

Question 27

What did the English census of 1851 reveal for the first time?

A)Britain's economy dominated Europe.
B)Manchester surpassed London as a population center.
C)A majority of Britain's population lived in urban areas.
D)The male population surpassed that of the female.
E)England no longer had a frontier.

Question 28

Why were young girls most often employed as machinists i n early 19th- century British factories?

A)They would work harder.
B)They were more intelligent.
C)They were generally skilled.
D)They would work for lower wages.
E)They could crawl through machinery to make repairs.

Question 29

As time passed, ____________________ and ____________________ replaced adult and family units in unskilled factory positions.

Question 30

What is credited with powering the Second Industrial Revolution?

A)American ingenuity
B)electricity
C)coal
D)British determination
E)steam

Question 31

Despite the many improvements in the lives of the ordinary people, the area of ____________________ was notable for its lack of improvement from ancient times up to the 18th century.

Question 32

The shift from the putting-out system to the ____________________ resulted in an entrepreneur or a company gathering relatively large numbers of individual workers in one place for work and supervision.

Question 33

​Which Western nation had the most favorable transportation system in the early industrial period?

A)​the Netherlands
B)​France
C)​the Germanic states
D)​England
E)​United States

Question 34

Which of the following was NOT an invention that advanced the Industrial Revolution?

A)spinning jenny
B)cotton gin
C)electric engine
D)power loom
E)water frame

Question 35

The ____________________ were passed in British Parliament to address abuse in the workplace by limiting the employment of minors and providing an education to these minors.

Question 36

____________________ was the inventor of the spinning jenny.

Question 37

Which of the following statements applies to  market farming ?

A)The ratio of grain harvested to seed sown was 3 to 1.
B)Market farming produced crops for village subsistence.
C)Crops were produced for an urban market.
D)Farmers made intensive use of manure fertilizer in the fields.
E)One-half of the growing fields lay fallow.

Question 38

Which group was the governing class in western European cities in the 18th  century?

A)the aristocracy and the wealthiest commoners, who had intermarried
B)the military commanders responsible to the royal government
C)urban commoners who had obtained the vote
D)the hereditary aristocracy
E)the few young people who were financially able to attend universities

Question 39

In the early 19th century, ____________________ was considered the most urgent problem facing the industrial towns.

Question 40

Until the 18th  century, the ____________________ rate among infants and younger children was extremely high.

Question 41

Term for identification: factory system

Question 42

Describe the agricultural improvements that led a society to industrialization. How did these improvements impact the rural inhabitants' lives?​

Question 43

Term for identification: Factory Acts

Question 44

Describe the reasons for England emerging as the leader of the Industrial Revolution, including the country's natural advantages and social characteristics. Why was England able to lead the rest of the world until well into the 19th century?

Question 45

Explain in detail the  prerequisites  for a nation to engage in  industrialization . Which countries in the West had these characteristics in the early 1800s? Did one nation possess all the  prerequisites ?

Question 46

Term for identification: enclosed-field system

Question 47

Term for identification: urban migration

Question 48

Term for identification: First Industrial Revolution

Question 49

Term for identification: Edmund Cartwright

Question 50

Explain how industrialization impacted the following: transportation, social norms, employment opportunities, living standards, and public health. Be sure to include examples to support your argument.​

Question 51

Compare and contrast the putting-out system and the factory system including materials used, labor source, and business models.​

Question 52

Term for identification: Second Industrial Revolution

Question 53

Term for identification: Richard Arkwright

Question 54

Explain the evolution and spread of the Industrial Revolution in Western nations. Which nations succeeded and which nations fell behind in industrialization? Why? Defend your answers with examples.​

Question 55

Term for identification: putting-out system

Question 56

Term for identification: Eli Whitney