Deck 11: Europe: New Ideas and New Nations

Question 1

What was the main problem with the dual monarchy in Austria-Hungary?

A)The government was too liberal for the people's tastes.
B)The two nations were independent except for foreign policy, defense, and some financial matters.
C)The Hungarians seized control of the government and did not consider the wishes of other groups.
D)The Austro-Germans rankled under the yoke of the dominant Hungarians.
E)Catholics living within the monarchy felt threatened by the dominance of the Protestant majority.

Answer 1

The two nations were independent except for foreign policy, defense, and some financial matters.

Question 2

During the 1840s, what came to define nationalism?

A)The idea of cultural superiority over other nations.
B)The belief that only agrarian societies could be virtuous.
C)The belief that labor reform would heal society's ills.
D)The idea that the Industrial Revolution was only for European countries.
E)Unification of small principalities into larger countries was dangerous.

Answer 2

The idea of cultural superiority over other nations.

Question 3

Who benefited the most from the July Monarchy?

A)artisans
B)the poor
C)the well off
D)Catholic priests
E)parliamentarians

Answer 3

the well off

Question 4

Which ruler tried to implement a wide range of social and economic reforms in the 1800s known as Russia's Great Reforms?

A)Tsar Nicholas I
B)Tsar Alexander I
C)Tsar Alexander II
D)Peter the Great
E)Ivan the Terrible

Question 5

All of the following contributed to the development of industrialization in the United States EXCEPT

A)a large pool of immigrant labor
B)following closely behind England in industrializing
C)a shortage of risk capital
D)abundant natural resources
E)individuals willing, even eager, to take risks in business

Question 6

Russia embarked on a war to push Turkey out of southeastern Europe called which of the following?

A)the Balkans War
B)the Thirty Years' War
C)the War of Russian Succession
D)the Crimean War
E)the Franco-Prussian War

Question 7

What was the French liberal state with a strong National Assembly and weak presidential executive called?

A)July Monarchy
B)Paris Commune
C)Second Republic
D)Third Republic of France
E)Île de France

Question 8

For Europe, what was the most striking and long-term impact of the outcome of the Franco-Prussian War?

A)The amazing and immediate rise of influence in Europe by the United States.
B)The unification of the many independent sections of Germany into a country.
C)The French accepted German domination for the rest of modern history.
D)The English exploited the war between France and Germany to seize French territory.
E)The Russians were able to enact their reforms while the other countries were at war.

Question 9

In 1800s England, a conflict of opinion regarding labor reform involved which two political parties?

A)Sinn Fein and Marxists
B)Unionists and Labour
C)Social Democrats and Reformists
D)Labour and Conservative
E)Tories and Whigs

Question 10

What was Otto von Bismarck's greatest objective?

A)To become part of a country that would consist of Austria, Germany, and Hungary.
B)To see Kaiser Wilhelm I, whom he despised, removed as leader of Germany.
C)To create a German state that would exclude the Austrians but would take most of their territory.
D)To provoke Austria into going to war against the Germans.
E)To unify all of the Germans under one government, headquartered in Berlin.

Question 11

Camillo Cavour strongly favored which of the following concepts?

A)individualism
B)conservatism
C)Realpolitik
D)nationalism
E)socialism

Question 12

Which of the following conflicts resulted in German Unification?

A)The Austro-Prussian War
B)The Franco-Prussian War
C)The Crimean War
D)The Revolt of 1848
E)The Thirty Years' War

Question 13

Why did Pope Pius IX oppose liberalism?

A)He felt religion was a better solution to Italian problems.
B)He feared a loss of power in secular affairs.
C)He wanted to prevent Italy from uniting.
D)Liberalism went against the theology of the Catholic church.
E)The Roman mobs and anti-papal riots frightened him.

Question 14

The concepts of laissez-faire, free trade, and limited government are associated with which of the following?

A)Marxism
B)Realpolitik
C)nationalism
D)free enterprise
E)socialism

Question 15

Who is considered the most influential early socialist?

A)Klemens von Metternich
B)Pierre Curie
C)Pierre Proudhon
D)Henri de Saint-Simon
E)Charles Fourier

Question 16

Which region of the United States was the original center of American industry, such as factories that produced metal tools, textiles, and shoes?

A)Mississippi River Valley
B)West Coast
C)New England
D)The Deep South
E)mid-Atlantic states

Question 17

What were the consequences of the 1848 revolts in France?

A)Liberalization of workers' conditions and universal male suffrage.
B)A short-lived Second Republic was followed by a new emperor.
C)Immediate re-establishment of the Jacobins to power.
D)Many French left France for life in a unified Germany.
E)The monarchy of Louis Philippe remained in power.

Question 18

What provoked the Franco-Prussian War?

A)German seizure of the French land known as Alsace.
B)The ill-conceived plan of Napoleon III to seize German lands west of the Rhine River.
C)France's decision to aid Austria in the Austro-German War.
D)The southern German states' desire to become part of a greater Germany.
E)Bismarck's manipulation of the French, which led them to become the aggressors.

Question 19

Which political philosophy held that an official religion was necessary for instilling proper respect for law and tradition?

A)reaction conservatism
B)nationalism
C)moderate conservatism
D)socialism
E)free enterprise

Question 20

Why did Napoleon III begin to liberalize his imperial regime?

A)His foreign policy failures.
B)The hostility from socialists.
C)France's comparatively high taxation.
D)His alliance with Austria.
E)The threats to overthrow him.

Question 21

The idea of an ethnic group exercising control over a territory through domination and mass participation in government is known as the ____________________.

Question 22

____________________ was considered the first modern anarchist.

Question 23

What is one significant aspect of the modern nation-state?

A)The development of independent thought and action among individuals.
B)The need for close ties between church and state.
C)The subordination of the individual to mass politics.
D)An increase in social welfare spending.
E)A greater tolerance for members of opposing groups.

Question 24

Which of the following made American industrial towns different than European ones?

A)unsafe and unsanitary working conditions
B)democracy and social mobility
C)hereditary privilege
D)more expensive land
E)fewer railroad networks

Question 25

The father of Italian unification was the liberal-minded aristocrat ____________________.

Question 26

What geographical areas found reactive conservatism favorable?

A)Italy, Germany, and France
B)England and France
C)Prussia, Austria, and Russia
D)the Nordic countries of Europe
E)Russia, Italy, and Germany

Question 27

In 1861, ____________________ freed the serfs in Russia.

Question 28

Which statement best describes Italy during and shortly after unification?

A)The last area to be incorporated into Italy was Sicily.
B)It possessed no truly national culture since most of the wealth, education, and power resided in the north.
C)Italian industrialization was concentrated in the central part of the peninsula.
D)In its early days, Italy's highest average income was in the agricultural south.
E)In its early days, Italy's poorest city was Turin.

Question 29

The concept of allowing producers to trade with any place and anyone at prices set by the markets was known as what?

A)mercantilism
B)laissez-faire
C)free Trade
D)conservatism
E)nationalism

Question 30

How did Britain avoid revolution in the early 19 th  century?

A)Austria's assistance
B)military repression
C)radical reform
D)parliamentary improvements
E)strong monarchy

Question 31

Who was considered the outstanding European statesman of the 19th  century?

A)Nicholas I
B)Wilhelm I
C)Bismarck
D)Garibaldi
E)Alexander II

Question 32

Who controlled Italian industrialization?

A)the northern states
B)the Catholic Church
C)the southern region
D)the Mafia
E)the Alpine states

Question 33

When did the modern nation-state actually take on its familiar form?

A)First Industrial Revolution
B)American Revolution
C)Second Industrial Revolution
D)Scientific Revolution
E)French Revolution

Question 34

Wilhelm I's chancellor, ____________________, was considered the outstanding statesman of the 19th  century.

Question 35

The compromise arrangement that formed the ____________________ was called the Ausgleich of 1867.

Question 36

The ____________________ took powers away from the British landowning aristocracy and benefited the urban middle classes.

Question 37

The socialistic-experimental textile mill of New Lanark was the brainchild of the reformer ____________________.

Question 38

Politics based on practical considerations rather than ideology is called ____________________.

Question 39

Which of the following was true of the Paris Commune?

A)It was an imaginative attempt to introduce democracy through popular vote.
B)It was an uprising against the imperial government of France that had lost the Franco-Prussian War.
C)It was the first attempt at a socialist revolution.
D)It was a group of Parisian artists who gathered to support each other in perfecting their craft.
E)It was a peaceful revolution to protest concession in the Crimean War.

Question 40

The Italian people regard ____________________ as the greatest hero in their struggle for self-rule.

Question 41

Discuss the revolts of 1848 including factors that led to the revolts and the impact on various European nations.

Question 42

Discuss the industrialization of the United States and how that nation emerged as a modern-nation state.

Question 43

Term for identification: Franco-Prussian War

Question 44

Term for identification: Realpolitik

Question 45

Explain the political ideas and economic goals of pre-Marxist socialist thinkers.

Question 46

How did liberalism impact political and economic revolutions including the development of conservatism, nationalism, and socialism?

Question 47

Compare and contrast the political developments in France, Italy, Germany, Austria, and Russia as a result of liberalism.

Question 48

Term for identification: British Reform Act of 1832

Question 49

Term for identification: Otto von Bismarck

Question 50

Term for identification: conservatism

Question 51

Term for identification: Whigs

Question 52

Term for identification: Crimean War

Question 53

Term for identification: Confederation of Northern German States

Question 54

Term for identification: Camillo Cavour

Question 55

Compare and contrast the consequences of the political events around 1848 in various European countries. Include political, economic, and social aspects of the Europeans' reactions.

Question 56

Term for identification: socialism