Deck 2: Contact and Settlement, 1492-1660

Question 1

Slavery had long been a prominent form of labor throughout the fifteenth century, though it was almost never based on one's race.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Which of the following statements is true about Christopher Columbus' voyage to find a route to India?

A)He set out on the voyage to find an eastern route to Asia and India.
B)He rounded the Cape of Good Hope in southern Africa to reach India.
C)He spotted India on October 12, 1492, after ten long weeks at sea.
D)He and his crew sighted land in the present-day Bahamas after ten weeks at sea.
E)He returned to Spain after the voyage and claimed that there was no eastern route to India.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Identify an accurate statement about Spanish exploration overseas.

A)The Spanish explorers found the eastern route to Africa and India before the Portuguese.
B)Christopher Columbus found the route to India in 1492 after ten weeks of voyage.
C)Christopher Columbus was a Portuguese-trained Italian sailor who was sent to find India by Spanish monarchs.
D)After the success of Portugal in finding the route to India, Spanish sailors advocated the search for an eastern route to the Orient.
E)Vasco da Gama was the first European in several centuries to set foot in North America.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Once established, Florida continued to be a high priority for the Spanish because, like Mexico and Peru, Florida also contained vast riches.

Question 5

Pope Alexander VI established the Line of Demarcation in order to:

A)form closer ties between England and Spain, since those two countries would then control most of the Americas.
B)prevent European countries from colonizing the New World.
C)keep Spain and Portugal from openly fighting each other.
D)ensure that no other European nations settled in the colonies established by the English.
E)make certain that the Spanish were able to harvest as much gold and silver as they could.

Question 6

Immigrants to Virginia had to endure several years of seasoning, a period of time in which they were exposed to harsh cruelty at the hands of their varied masters.

Question 7

Encouraged by the developments at Plymouth, English Separatists (not Puritans)sought to formalize Massachusetts as a royal colony and colonize it themselves.

Question 8

Which of the following was NOT one of the reasons why Europeans wished to explore lands overseas in the fourteenth century?

A)Europeans desired the valuable spices available in the Middle East, India, and parts of Africa.
B)Europeans needed to alleviate a trade deficit caused by the high prices charged by Middle Eastern and Italian traders.
C)The increasing population density in Europe made the acquisition of new farmland in North America a necessity.
D)Christian Europeans were driven by a missionary zeal and wanted to convert nonbelievers in lands overseas to the Christian faith.
E)Europeans wanted to explore lands overseas in search of riches, including gold, silver, and precious gemstones such as rubies and .

Question 9

In 1948, _____ reached India by rounding the Cape of Good Hope in southern Africa and then heading north to India.

A)John Calvin
B)Christopher Columbus
C)Martin Luther
D)Marco Polo
E)Vasco da Gama

Question 10

The Spanish advocated for finding an eastern route to India-unlike the Portuguese, who sailed via the western route.

Question 11

Once the conquistadors overpowered a kingdom, it became known as a(n)_____, in which Indian villages were obliged to pay a tribute, usually in gold or slaves, to the conquistadors.

A)manor
B)Line of Demarcation
C)vassal
D)serf
E)encomienda

Question 12

Historians now call the winter of 1609-1610 in Jamestown "the Starving Time" because food supplies were so scarce that at least one colonist resorted to cannibalism.

Question 13

The Mayflower Compact set a precedent for democratic rule in Massachusetts.

Question 14

Portuguese leaders were among those who believed that an eastern route to Asia could be found.

Question 15

Which of the following statements is true about the beginnings of European slavery?

A)The Portuguese who traded with African kingdoms bartered for African slaves and carried them back to Portugal as living novelties.
B)Slavery was a prominent form of labor and was based on one's race throughout the fifteenth century.
C)The first modern economy dependent primarily on race-based slavery was established by the English in the late 1300s.
D)The preoccupation with race-based slavery declined in the late sixteenth century.
E)Most of the slaves used by the Portuguese were free laborers who came from different professions.

Question 16

The French created several encampments in present-day Canada that served as French trading posts in the New World.

Question 17

In 1493, Pope Alexander VI drew a line on the map that extended from north to south proclaiming that all land east of the line belonged to Spain, all land west of it to Portugal.

Question 18

_____ explored the Caribbean Sea and the coast of South America from 1497 to 1502.

A)Amerigo Vespucci
B)Martin Luther
C)John Cabot
D)Christopher Columbus
E)Vasco da Gama

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the conquistadors?

A)Spanish noblemen who led private armies to conquer land and people in the Americas
B)The native population of specific regions in Central and North America
C)Portuguese and French explorers who first entered the lands in the New World
D)English soldiers who seized land from the natives in South America
E)People who settled in St. Augustine, Florida, in the name of their king

Question 20

The Line of Demarcation:

A)granted Central and North America to the French settlers.
B)granted Brazil to Portugal.
C)prevented Europeans from colonizing Americas.
D)granted North America to the Dutch settlers.
E)was drawn to limit trade among the native tribes.

Question 21

The _____ was an agreement that bound each member of the Separatist group in Plymouth to obey majority rule and to promise to defend one another from potential eviction.

A)Poor Reform Bill
B)Line of Demarcation
C)Mayflower Compact
D)Toleration Act
E)Puritan Pact

Question 22

A(n)_____ was a grant given by the Virginia Company of 50 acres of land to any individual who paid his or her own passage across the Atlantic.

A)wampum
B)head right
C)indentured servitude
D)passage tax
E)seasoning

Question 23

Maryland's Toleration Act of 1649 is significant because it:

A)stated that the Church would no longer participate in the governance of the city.
B)stated that individuals who contradicted the Catholic faith could face imprisonment.
C)ended the religious disputes between Catholics and Protestants.
D)granted freedom of worship to all who accepted the divinity of Jesus Christ.
E)stated that individuals with lack of faith could be imprisoned.

Question 24

_____ were believers who wished to reform the Church of England by removing its hierarchy, its emphasis on work as payment to God, its allowance of prayers for communal salvation, and its promotion of missions.

A)Atheists
B)Indentured servants
C)Manors
D)Serfs
E)Puritans

Question 25

Which of the following statements is true about the Dutch colonization of the New World?

A)In the 1630s, the Dutch won a large chunk of northern Brazil from the Portuguese.
B)By the sixteenth century, the Dutch were evicted from the Caribbean by the French settlers.
C)The Dutch first set foot in the New World shortly after the English colonies were established there.
D)A Dutch trading company hired a Spanish sailor to sail up the Hudson River.
E)The French settlers in the New World often collaborated with the Dutch in trading with the local tribes.

Question 26

_____ was a group of six Algonquian villages in present-day Virginia, named after their leader.

A)Jamestown
B)The Iroquois Confederacy
C)Roanoke
D)The Powhatan Confederacy
E)Mexico City

Question 27

The Spanish first became interested in Florida when:

A)Spanish adventurers discovered gold there.
B)Georgia was established by the English.
C)the French defeated the local Indian tribes.
D)the Portuguese established their colonies there.
E)the French pirates based there began attacking Spanish ships.

Question 28

Which of the following was NOT a problem that French traders in Quebec had to deal with?

A)Disease
B)Warfare with the Iroquois
C)Harsh climate
D)Their small number
E)A lack of demand for beaver furs

Question 29

The term _____ referred to an inflationary event, such as the huge influx of silver into Spain in the mid-1500s that made laborers' and landless agricultural workers' wages unable to keep up with the cost of goods.

A)Renaissance
B)starving time
C)Reformation
D)price revolution
E)Columbian Exchange

Question 30

_____ was an assembly of landholders chosen by other landholders, with which the royal governors were forced to work.

A)The House of Burgesses
B)The Mayflower Compact
C)Indentured servitude
D)The royal colony
E)The Crown

Question 31

Virginia became a royal colony because:

A)of the expansion of tobacco cultivation to a great extent.
B)King James I wanted to secure its profits for the crown.
C)the Virginia Company went bankrupt after the attack of 1622.
D)the Virginia Company had built a large and expansive infrastructure.
E)only with royal control could African slavery be introduced.

Question 32

The _____ were believers who wanted to break off completely from the Church of England because they believed it was irrevocably corrupted.

A)indentured servants
B)Separatists
C)manors
D)serfs
E)Puritans

Question 33

Early laborers on Virginia plantations were part of a system called indentured servitude. These laborers were the:

A)poor French men and women who hoped to make a lot of money and buy land of their own.
B)English and Irish poor who sold their labor for four to seven years to cover the cost of their trip to the colonies.
C)enslaved Africans who had the option to buy their way out of slavery after working for a period of several years on a tobacco plantation.
D)sons of gentry who would learn the plantation system from the bottom up before running tobacco plantations of their own.
E)Native Americans who were forced to work on plantations throughout the Chesapeake.

Question 34

_____ was the English settlement of 1607 in present-day Virginia.

A)Cheyenne
B)Mohawk
C)Tenochtitlan
D)Roanoke
E)Jamestown

Question 35

What is the significance of joint stock companies for English colonization?

A)They owned ships and profited from the cost of passage to the New World.
B)They were able to amass the large sums of money needed to establish colonies overseas.
C)They discouraged investors from establishing colonies overseas.
D)They were funded by the crown and enabled the establishment of royal colonies.
E)They exported products to be sold to colonists in the New World and imported colonial goods back to England.

Question 36

Which of the following statements is NOT true of the English settlement in Jamestown?

A)Some of its early settlers hoped to establish the plantation model of settlement.
B)There were insufficient numbers of English settlers in the early years willing to work the soil or build fortifications.
C)John Smith's rise to power was welcomed by many of the gentleman explorers.
D)Hostile relations with Indian tribes influenced the success of the colony.
E)Of the 900 or so settlers who arrived during the colony's first two years, only a small minority survived.

Question 37

The _____ was the biological crossover of agricultural products, domesticated animals, and microbial diseases from Europe to the New World and vice versa.

A)Renaissance
B)Line of Demarcation
C)Reformation
D)price revolution
E)Columbian Exchange

Question 38

"The Lost Colony of Roanoke" is the name given to the second Roanoke colony established by:

A)the Spanish.
B)the English.
C)the Dutch.
D)the Portuguese.
E)the French.

Question 39

All of the following contributed to Hernán Cortés' victory over the Aztecs EXCEPT:

A)the use of horses.
B)help from a slave woman and other tribes.
C)assistance from Spanish colonists.
D)disease.
E)firearms.

Question 40

Sir Walter Raleigh's men abandoned their first Roanoke settlement because:

A)it was surrounded by the conquistadors.
B)they ran out of provisions.
C)they decided to explore further down the coastline.
D)the native peoples evacuated the area, leaving them without workers.
E)they found no gold or silver there.

Question 41

The _________ established the first modern economy dependent primarily on race-based slave labor.
A. Dutch
B. Portuguese
C. Spanish
D. French

Question 42

Anne Hutchinson was evicted from _____ because of her unorthodox religious beliefs.

A)Rhode Island
B)Massachusetts
C)Virginia
D)Jamestown
E)New England

Question 43

Which of the following statements is true of the ideas of Anne Hutchinson?

A)She believed that the practice of religion and the politics of state should be consolidated.
B)She was in favor of the notion of a single orthodox scripture.
C)She had support from Boston's clergy and her Antinomianism replaced the Puritan rule.
D)She was banished from Rhode Island for her teachings.
E)She stressed that God determined who merited grace, not ministers or powerful men.

Question 44

Which of the following statements is true about the continued expansion of the colonists in the New World?

A)By the 1630s, the Separatists had founded towns in what are now Connecticut, Maine, and New Hampshire.
B)European diseases had killed off as much as three-quarters of the Indian population before the colonists arrived at Plymouth.
C)The first Indian tribe to get vanquished by the European settlers during the first year of settlement was the tribe of Pequot.
D)The Puritan settlers in the New World were against fighting violent battles with the Indian tribes and did not get involved in conflicts with the tribes.
E)By the 1620s, the colonists had left the southern tribes of New England.

Question 45

_________ was a Portuguese-trained Italian sailor who was the first European in several centuries to set foot in North America.
A. Martin Luther
B. Christopher Columbus
C. Vasco da Gama
D. John Calvin

Question 46

_________ were representatives of the Spanish crown who governed conquered Indian villages.
A. Serfs
B. Manors
C. Viceroys
D. Vassals

Question 47

Anne Hutchinson and her followers left Massachusetts and founded _____, just southeast of Providence.

A)Portsmouth
B)Boston
C)Plymouth
D)Maine
E)Hampshire

Question 48

Describe Vasco da Gama's success in finding a route to India and the Middle East.

Question 49

Discuss the reasons why Europeans sought to explore lands overseas.

Question 50

Explain why Pope Alexander VI created the Line of Demarcation and what the implications were for Spain and Portugal.

Question 51

Which of the following statements is true of Roger Williams who was the minister of Salem, Massachusetts?

A)He suggested that the practice of religion and the politics of state should be consolidated.
B)He believed that politics necessarily impeded the soul's progress toward perfection.
C)His teachings supported the Puritan notion of a commonwealth based on devotion to God.
D)He founded the ideology of Pantheism and was expelled from Rhode Island for his teachings.
E)He stressed that ministers and powerful men should determine merit.

Question 52

Which of the following statements is true of the Puritans?

A)They were believers who wished to separate completely from the Church of England.
B)Politically, The Puritans were democrats.
C)The Puritans in Plymouth signed the Mayflower Compact promising to defend one another from potential eviction.
D)English Puritans sought to formalize Massachusetts as a royal colony and colonize it themselves.
E)By 1634, the people of Massachusetts began to accept the absolutism of Puritan control.

Question 53

Explain how Portugal's success drove the Spanish to explore lands overseas.

Question 54

The crop that finally ensured the long-term success of the Jamestown colony was _________.
A. sugar cane
B. rice
C. tobacco
D. cotton

Question 55

In the 1630s, the major conflict between the New England colonists and the local Indians was known as the:

A)Powhatan Conflict.
B)Jamestown Massacre.
C)Pequot War.
D)Roanoke War.
E)Wampanoag War.

Question 56

Which of the following statements is true of the Separatists?

A)They established the Plymouth colony.
B)They failed to secure patent from the Crown to the land in Plymouth.
C)They were driven away by the Wampanoag Indians in 1615.
D)They left Massachusetts in 1621 after the arrival of the Puritans.
E)They did not receive a grant from the Virginia Company to sail on Mayflower, the ship.

Question 57

The _________ established Quebec as a trading post in the New World.
A. Germans
B. Portuguese
C. French
D. English

Question 58

Explain the introduction of African slavery into Europe.

Question 59

Roger Williams left Massachusetts with a small band of followers, walking to what is today _____ and founding the town of Providence.

A)the Hudson River
B)Boston
C)Rhode Island
D)Maine
E)Hampshire

Question 60

_____ was the theological philosophy stressing that only God, not ministers, determined who merited grace and that humankind's relationship with God was a continual process of divine revelation and not dependent on a single orthodox scripture.

A)Antinomianism
B)Atheism
C)Mercantilism
D)Feudalism
E)Pantheism

Question 61

Discuss the factors that helped English settlers establish Jamestown as the first lasting English colony.

Question 62

Explain how Hernán Cortés took over Mexico.

Question 63

What led to the establishment of "The Lost Colony of Roanoke?"

Question 64

Discuss the Spanish colonization of North America.

Question 65

Briefly explain the Columbian Exchange.

Question 66

Describe the political orientation of the Puritans.

Question 67

Describe the events that resulted in the enactment of the Toleration Act of 1649.

Question 68

Briefly explain the term encomienda .

Question 69

Explain the four reasons why the English became more interested in exploration in the mid-1500s.

Question 70

What were the two lessons that the English learned after their failure at Roanoke and how did it lead to the expansion of joint stock companies?