Deck 26: The Age of Fracture: the 1970s

Question 1

What was the first step taken by Nixon to build friendly relations with China in the early 1970s?

A)He helped China in developing their human resources through programs aligned with the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID).
B)He facilitated joint military exercises and conducted humanitarian missions to boost relations between China and the United States.
C)He agreed to freeze the number of long-range missile launchers in the United States if China agreed to do the same.
D)He requested for the inclusion of China in the Commonwealth of Nations.
E)He accepted an invitation to send the American table tennis team to compete in a friendly international event in China.

Answer 1

E

Question 2

Richard Nixon had to resign from office because of his involvement in tax evasion and bribery.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

The Watergate scandal involved the arrest of five men for breaking into the:

A)Occupational Safety and Health Administration's offices.
B)Democratic National Committee's offices.
C)National Endowment for the Arts headquarters.
D)Republican National Committee's headquarters.
E)Environmental Protection Agency's headquarters.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

In 1977, elementary and high schools in the United States were forced to close because there was not enough energy to heat them.

Question 5

In the 1970s, the state of California was greatly affected by the decline in property taxes and could not afford to pay for public schools, road maintenance, or effective fire and police departments.

Question 6

Which of the following was an indicator that Soviet-style communism was not performing well economically in the 1970s?

A)The scarcity of wheat in the Soviet Union
B)The massive debts the Soviet Union owed to the U.S.
C)The restructuring of the Soviet government
D)The closure of major banks in the Soviet Union
E)The drive of the Soviet Union toward democratization

Question 7

Nixon's vice president, Spiro Agnew, resigned from office after admitting to:

A)illegal taping of White House conversations.
B)an extramarital affair.
C)his involvement in the Watergate burglary.
D)tax evasion and bribery.
E)ordering illegal surveillance of reporters.

Question 8

As a consequence of the Watergate scandal, the media started closely scrutinizing the doings of politicians.

Question 9

Phyllis Schlafly's STOP ERA campaign aimed at getting the Equal Rights Amendment passed.

Question 10

Which of the following laws facilitated the establishment of the Environmental Protection Agency?

A)The Environmental Information Act
B)The Environmental Impact Assessment Act
C)The Consolidated Environmental Protection Act
D)The National Environmental Policy Act
E)The Environmental Damage Insurance Act

Question 11

Nixon's agreement to sell excess American wheat to the Soviet Union:

A)reduced the severity of the arms race between the U.S. and the Soviet Union.
B)highlighted the fact that the Soviet economy was improving.
C)violated the Strategic Arms Limitation Talks agreement that the United States had previously signed.
D)led to the expulsion of the United States from the Commonwealth of Nations.
E)angered China who was the Soviet Union's closest ally.

Question 12

Which of the following facts about the Watergate scandal was revealed by the print media's investigations?

A)Communists had infiltrated the offices of the United States government.
B)Nixon's vice president had spied on government officials of neighboring countries.
C)Someone high up in the Nixon White House had issued orders for the Watergate break-in.
D)Nixon had ordered illegal surveillance of reporters from the Washington Post.
E)China had allied with the Soviet Union to spread communism across the United States.

Question 13

Why did Nixon try to improve the United States' relationship with China in the early 1970s?

A)To conduct joint nuclear experiments with China
B)To retain the United States' membership in the Commonwealth of Nations
C)To drive a wedge between China and the Soviet Union
D)To persuade China to stay out of the internal affairs of the United States
E)To reduce China's wheat exports to the Soviet Union

Question 14

In which of the following negotiations did President Nixon and Soviet premier Leonid Brezhnev agree to freeze the number of long-range missile launchers and build certain new missiles only after they had destroyed the same number of older missiles?

A)The Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations
B)The Hague Conventions
C)The Camp David Accords
D)The Strategic Arms Limitation Talks
E)The Kremlin Accords

Question 15

The United States supported the ousting of Chile's Salvador Allende in 1973, opting instead to provide assistance to the authoritarian regime of General Augusto Pinochet.

Question 16

Why did Nixon, in spite of his claim to be a Republican, advocate many of the goals of the Democratic Party?

A)He believed that the Democrats had a stronger hold in the South.
B)He was committed to liberal principles.
C)He was against communism.
D)He had a fear of being defeated for reelection.
E)He believed that the Republicans were involved in corruption.

Question 17

In 1972, both the United States and China agreed that the Soviet Union should be allowed to expand farther into Asia.

Question 18

The members of La Raza rejected the name "Chicano" in favor of the more particular "Mexican American."

Question 19

Social conservatives supported abortion.

Question 20

During his tenure as the president of the United States, Jimmy Carter proposed decreasing government spending in order to create jobs.

Question 21

_____ was the first openly gay person to win a major political campaign.

A)Neil Giuliano
B)Barney Frank
C)Ryan Cassata
D)Gavin Newsom
E)Harvey Milk

Question 22

In 1972, Congress passed Title IX of the Higher Education Act, which:

A)outlawed discrimination in employment based on race, creed, religion, and national origin.
B)required that universities spend equally on women's and men's athletics.
C)gave women the right to go for safe abortions.
D)led to the nuclear disarmament.
E)banned wiretapping of political candidates and government officials.

Question 23

_____ programs are meant to ensure that a certain percentage of a company's employees are minorities or that a certain percentage of government contracts are given to minority-owned businesses.

A)Affirmative action
B)Progressive stack
C)Achievement gap
D)Occupational segregation
E)Reasonable accommodation

Question 24

Which of the following was a consequence of Jimmy Carter's proposal to increase government spending in order to create jobs?

A)There was an increase in trade tariffs.
B)There was a decrease in aggregate demand of consumer goods.
C)There was an increase in the stock prices.
D)There was an increase in stagflation.
E)There was an increase in inflation.

Question 25

_____ were the first to embrace identity politics.

A)African Americans
B)Latinos
C)Native Americans
D)Hispanics
E)Cuban Americans

Question 26

The 1978 peace agreement between Israel and Egypt, brokered by President Carter, is known as the _____.

A)Alliance for Progress
B)Montreal Protocol
C)Bretton Woods Agreement
D)Camp David Accords
E)Gentlemen's Agreement

Question 27

Why did the oil-rich nations of the Middle East place an embargo on oil sold to the United States in the 1970s?

A)They wanted to punish the United States for helping Israel in the Yom Kippur War.
B)They wanted to convince the United States to stay out of the affairs of the Middle East.
C)They believed that the United States had pushed Israel to begin the Yom Kippur War.
D)They resented the heavy import taxes levied by the United States.
E)They believed that by supporting Israel, the United States was opposing communism.

Question 28

_____ can be defined as a view of politics premised on how one ascertains oneself within a nation, usually based on some sense of belonging to a minority group eager to win greater parity with the national majority.

A)Diaspora politics
B)Client politics
C)Racial politics
D)Conviction politics
E)Identity politics

Question 29

The _____ was the metaphorical barrier that prevented women in the 1970s from rising above a certain level in corporate jobs.

A)glass ceiling
B)old-boy network
C)tipping point
D)new world order
E)melting pot

Question 30

Which of the following led to inflation in the United States in the early 1970s?

A)The United States borrowed tremendous amounts of money to balance its budget.
B)The United States increased its import tariffs, which damaged its trade relations with other nations.
C)The United States' government comprised corrupt officials who embezzled tremendous amounts of money.
D)The United States witnessed a swarm of immigrants, which led to the rise in the unemployment rate.
E)The United States experienced an earthquake, which led to an increase in the price of consumer goods.

Question 31

How did Gerald Ford deal with the Watergate scandal after he became the president of the United States?

A)He offered Nixon a full presidential pardon.
B)He demanded that Nixon be tried like any other citizen.
C)He ordered further investigation on the scandal.
D)He offered a reward for anyone with information about the scandal.
E)He persuaded Spiro Agnew to resign from his post of vice president.

Question 32

Which of the following landmark court decisions struck down laws in forty-six states that limited a woman's access to a safe, legal abortion?

A)Grutter v. Bollinger
B)Craig v. Boren
C)Roe v. Wade
D)Smith v. Allwright
E)Browder v. Gayle

Question 33

Which of the following was a part of Carter's foreign policy?

A)He called for the end of apartheid in South Africa.
B)He retained control of the Panama Canal.
C)He called for racial segregation in American public transportation.
D)He fought against the rise of communism in China.
E)He signed the SALT II agreement with China.

Question 34

All of the following explain why the Watergate scandal was a crucial event in American history and life EXCEPT:

A)It left Americans distrustful of politics and politicians.
B)It led to the rise of identity politics.
C)It put an end to the political idealism of the early 1960s.
D)It led to a massive decline in stock prices.
E)It led to close scrutiny and exposure of the doings of politicians.

Question 35

Which of the following is the cycle in which prices keep going up while the economy loses jobs?

A)Deflation
B)Stagflation
C)Biflation
D)Mixflation
E)Disinflation

Question 36

Which of the following events sparked the Gay Liberation Movement in 1969?

A)The murder of a gay activist in New York City
B)A police raid on the Ariston Hotel in New York City
C)A police raid on the bar at the Stonewall Inn in New York City
D)The signing of Executive Order 10450 by President Eisenhower
E)The inclusion of homosexuality in the list of mental illnesses

Question 37

Which of the following was the primary goal of La Raza?

A)Unionizing Mexican American workers in the West
B)Electing Mexican American politicians in the West and Southwest
C)Changing their identity from "Chicano" to "Mexican American"
D)Separating their course of action from the earlier, more radical leaders such as César Chávez
E)Broadening the interaction between Mexican Americans and white Americans

Question 38

Which of the following did NOT happen during Carter's tenure as the president of the United States?

A)Some public schools had to close because there was not enough energy to heat them.
B)The meltdown of a nuclear reactor occurred at Three Mile Island in Pennsylvania.
C)Stagflation was brought under control through an increase in government spending.
D)The promotion of human rights abroad was established as an element of American policy.
E)A peace agreement was brokered between Israel and Egypt.

Question 39

Which of the following landmark court decisions in the United States codified affirmative action in American education?

A)Regents of the University of California v. Bakke
B)Korematsu v. United States
C)Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education
D)Goodridge v. Department of Public Health
E)National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius

Question 40

Which of the following was a demand of the "Indians of All Tribes" activists when they occupied Alcatraz Island in 1969?

A)The establishment of national workshops to employ the members of Indian tribes
B)The release of tribal members imprisoned in Alcatraz prison
C)The return of the land that had once been occupied by the tribes
D)Government jobs for members of Indian tribes
E)Zero-interest business loans for members of Indian tribes

Question 41

Landmark films of the seventies such as as The Godfather and Bonnie and Clyde indicated that Americans in the 1970s:

A)had shifted towards cultural conservatism.
B)enjoyed a sense of moral superiority.
C)were going through a period of economic stagnation.
D)lived in a period of increased moral complexity.
E)were experiencing all of the above.

Question 42

Nixon's foreign policy toward China was known as _________.
A. Ping-Pong Diplomacy
B. Checkbook diplomacy
C. Panda diplomacy
D. Gift-Basket Diplomacy

Question 43

Which of the following claims did Phyllis Schlafly make as a justification for initiating STOP ERA?

A)Low-wage jobs are as rewarding as women's roles within the home.
B)The women in the women's movement are all lesbians.
C)The Protestant evangelicals are secretly supporting feminism.
D)The members of NOW are trying to capitalize on America's homophobia.
E)All of these choices.

Question 44

Which of the following was true of Proposition 13, which was passed in the seventies?

A)It was passed by Gerald Ford to grant Nixon his pardon.
B)It limited all further increases on property taxes to 2 percent a year in California.
C)It was successful in forcing the final foreign troops out of Saigon, Vietnam in 1973.
D)It was a plan to resolve the issue of stagflation authored by a group of MIT economists.
E)It mandated educational institutions to spend equally on women's and men's athletics.

Question 45

Which of the following is a similarity between social conservatives and economic conservatives?

A)Both types of conservatives urged an aggressive stance against the Soviet Union.
B)Both types of conservatives fought to increase government intervention in people's lives.
C)Both types of conservatives supported efforts to charge high tax rates.
D)Both types of conservatives supported abortions and same-sex marriages.
E)Both types of conservatives supported policies targeted at redistribution of income to assist the poor.

Question 46

Which of the following does NOT accurately characterize the religious revivalism that began to assert itself in America's political arena in the late 1970s?

A)It was driven by Protestant evangelicals who sought a personal relationship with Jesus.
B)It entered the political realm via lobbying groups such as the Moral Majority.
C)It saw the growing popularity of Zen Buddhism as a means to attain spirituality.
D)It resulted in division and exclusion in religion, rather than inclusion and community building.
E)It stressed family values and targeted feminism and gay liberation.

Question 47

Explain the reasons for Nixon's visit to China in 1972.

Question 48

The Moral Majority was a conservative political organization founded by the _________ in 1979.
A. Rev. Jerry Falwell
B. Rev. David Barton
C. Rev. Douglas Coe
D. Rev. Charles Colson

Question 49

_________ was the first president to have never been elected president or vice president.
A. Theodore Roosevelt
B. Jimmy Carter
C. Gerald Ford
D. Richard Nixon

Question 50

The softened approach toward America's supposed enemies that was orchestrated largely by Henry Kissinger, Nixon's assistant for national security affairs (and later, his secretary of state), was labeled _________.
A. attaché
B. rollback
C. containment
D. détente

Question 51

In 1979, the meltdown of a nuclear reactor at _________ discredited nuclear power.
A. Three Mile Island
B. Idaho Falls
C. Oak Harbor
D. Frenchtown Charter Township

Question 52

Which of the following was the goal of the STOP ERA campaign founded by Phyllis Schlafly?

A)To block the Equal Rights Amendment
B)To support the move for legalization of abortion
C)To fight for the legal right of women to vote
D)To fight for decriminalization of homosexuality
E)To call for the renewal of the Violence against Women Act

Question 53

In the context of the emergence of the New Right in the 1970s, which of the following statements is true of social conservatives?

A)They supported same-sex marriage.
B)They urged tax cuts to limit the size and reach of government.
C)They opposed abortion and what they saw as the moral decline of society.
D)They strove to increase government intervention in people's lives.
E)They supported the ideology of the Soviet Union.

Question 54

How did America's involvement with Israel lead to the oil embargo of 1973? What were the results of the embargo in the United States?

Question 55

How did Richard Nixon contribute to the environmental movement in 1970?

A)He signed the Wilderness Act which protected several acres of federal land.
B)He established the Institute for Energy and Environmental Research.
C)He installed solar panels on the roof of the White house.
D)He increased the funding for research on energy conservation.
E)He established the Environmental Protection Agency.

Question 56

The _____ was the conservative political organization that was founded by the Rev. Jerry Falwell in 1979 and that consisted of evangelical Christians who overwhelmingly supported the Republican Party.

A)Moral Majority
B)Christian Coalition of America
C)National Association of Evangelicals
D)Scripture Union
E)Evangelical Alliance

Question 57

Explain the reasons why the Watergate scandal was so pivotal in American life.

Question 58

Which of the following landmark court decisions did Protestant evangelicals oppose in the 1970s?

A)Lawrence v. Texas
B)Muller v. Oregon
C)Loving v. Virginia
D)Bowers v. Hardwick
E)Roe v. Wade

Question 59

Explain how Nixon was an "accidental liberal."

Question 60

Describe the Watergate scandal and explain how it led to President Nixon's decline.

Question 61

Explain the various government programs that were designed to deal with the continuing effects of racism.

Question 62

Explain how American women fought for increased political and economic rights in the 1970s.

Question 63

Describe the rise of Protestant evangelicals in the 1970s.

Question 64

Explain the economic and political conservatism of the 1970s.

Question 65

Explain how environmentalism came to be included in the realm of social activism in the 1970s.

Question 66

Describe the rise of the Gay Liberation Movement of the 1970s.

Question 67

Compare and contrast social conservatives and economic conservatives.

Question 68

Describe Carter's achievements in foreign policy.

Question 69

Describe American popular culture in the 1970s.

Question 70

Explain the role of Phyllis Schlafly in opposing the women's movement of the 1970s.