Deck 14: Police Work With Juveniles

Question 1

Regardless of the size of the police department, only those officers trained specifically to deal with juvenile offenders will ever be involved in handling juvenile cases. ​

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Problem-oriented policing focuses on addressing the problems underlying incidents of juvenile delinquency. ​

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Taking a person into custody is called an arrest. ​

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Problem-oriented policing is also referred to as problem-solving policing. ​

Question 5

Curfews represent a form of problem-oriented policing. ​

Question 6

Community norms would be an example of an environmental factor of discretion. ​

Question 7

The granting of discretion tends to bind the hands of law enforcement, compelling them to follow strict procedures. ​

Question 8

Direct engagement with a community is a mainstay of the community policing model. ​

Question 9

One method of contemporary delinquency prevention relies on aggressive patrolling targeted at specific patterns of delinquency. ​

Question 10

Community policing has its main emphasis on fighting crime. ​

Question 11

An evaluation of the fairness of the manner in which an offender's problem or dispute was handled by the police is called discretion. ​

Question 12

Curfew laws are considered an example of pulling levers. ​

Question 13

Search and seizure is when the police have reasonable grounds to believe that an offense has been committed and that the accused committed the crime. ​

Question 14

The watch system assumed that neighbors would protect each other from thieves and warring groups. ​

Question 15

Dealing with juvenile offenders creates role conflicts for many police departments. ​

Question 16

The pledge system assumed that neighbors would protect each other from thieves and warring groups. ​

Question 17

Officers who specialize in dealing with juvenile offenders are called juvenile officers. ​

Question 18

Juveniles as young as 15 years old sufficiently understand their Miranda rights. ​

Question 19

Most juvenile officers have the same amount of discretion granted to them for both adults and juveniles. ​

Question 20

Operation Ceasefire is an initiative to make peace between rival gangs. ​

Question 21

______ are defined as those adjudicated delinquent for crimes of homicide, rape, robbery, aggravated assault, and kidnapping. ​

A)Violent juvenile offenders
B)Superpreditor delinquents
C)Young adult offenders
D)Transferred juveniles

Question 22

The term in loco parentis is Latin for _______. ​

A)with the permission of a family member
B)the crime occurred in a certain location
C)in place of the parent
D)with the permission of the parent

Question 23

The taking of a person into custody until he or she can be held accountable for the offense in court proceedings is called ______.

A)detention
B)delay
C)Arrest
D)pickup

Question 24

A stop-and-frisk is an example of _____. ​

A)aggressive law enforcement
B)a warrantless search
C)an illegal search
D)police discretion

Question 25

A law enforcement philosophy that focuses on reducing fear, organizing the community, and maintaining order is called __________.

A)strategic policing
B)police-community relations
C)tactical policing
D)community policing

Question 26

A systematic analysis and response to the problems or conditions underlying criminal incidents rather than the incidents themselves is the definition of ______.

A)community policing
B)police community relations
C)problem-oriented policing
D)team policing

Question 27

An early English system in which neighbors protected each other from thieves and warring groups was known as _____.

A)the pledge system
B)the watch system
C)control system
D)the neighborhood watch system

Question 28

Modeled after DARE, ______ was developed to help reduce adolescent involvement in crime through teaching and education of school children by police officers.

A)GARE
B)GREAT
C)SROA
D)GERT

Question 29

The _____ Amendment protects people from unreasonable search and seizure.

A)First
B)Fourth
C)Sixth
D)Eighth

Question 30

Police reform efforts of the 1930s resulted in the creation of specialized police units, known as _____.

A)child savers
B)juvenile watch system
C)delinquency control squads
D)juvenile order system

Question 31

Curfews represent a form of ______. ​

A)problem-oriented policing
B)community-based policing
C)aggressive law enforcement
D) problem solving

Question 32

A law enforcement philosophy that focuses on addressing the problems underlying incidents of juvenile delinquency rather than the incidents themselves is called __________.

A)strategic policing
B)police-community relations
C)tactical policing
D)problem-oriented policing

Question 33

The use of personal decision making and choice in carrying out official duties in the criminal justice system is called _______. ​

A)decision making
B)discretion
C)flexibility
D)unconstitutional

Question 34

An evaluation study of Boston's Operation Ceasefire program found that the program ______.

A)produced a significant reduction in youth homicides in Boston
B)backfired and increased youth homicides in Boston
C)had no effect on youth homicides
D)reduced youth homicides but increased overall gang violence

Question 35

The _______ holds that police are likely to act paternally toward young girls and not arrest them.

A)gentleman's hypothesis
B)ladies' hypothesis
C)chivalry hypothesis
D)big brother hypothesis

Question 36

Police departments in Chicago and Los Angeles have at one time used ______, targeting gang areas and arresting members for any law violations. ​

A)community policing
B)problem-oriented policing
C)random patrol
D)saturation patrol

Question 37

Reasonable ground to believe that an offense was committed and the accused committed that offense is called ______.

A)reasonable suspicion
B)probable cause
C)reasonableness
D) justifiable suspicion

Question 38

The premise of the community policing model of crime prevention is that the police can carry out their duties more effectively by ______. ​

A)gaining the trust and assistance of concerned citizens
B)making more arrests
C)using more undercover sting operations for drugs
D)getting tough on crime

Question 39

Boston's Operation Ceasefire, in which every deterrent "lever" is applied, is an example of ______.

A)community policing
B)police-community relations
C)pulling levers policing
D)team policing

Question 40

______ are defined as those conflicts that arise when law enforcement duties conflict with an officer's desire to rehabilitate youthful offenders.

A)Role conflicts
B)Conflicts of duty
C)Service conflicts
D)Conflicts of conscience

Question 41

Most courts have concluded that ______ need not be present for children to effectively waive their rights to remain silent. ​

Question 42

_____ that include targeting gang areas and arresting members for any law violation, have not proven to be effective against gangs. ​

Question 43

In re Gault established that the constitutional privileges against _____ applied equally to adults as well as to juveniles.

A)the denial of jury trial
B)warrantless searches
C)racial bias
D)self-incrimination

Question 44

Juvenile officers operate either as _____ in a police department, or as part of the _____ of a police department. ​

Question 45

_____ is an evaluation of the fairness of the manner in which an offender's or another group's problem or dispute was handled by police. ​

Question 46

Regarding gender, police tend to be more lenient toward ______ than ______ committing acts of delinquency. ​

Question 47

The use of personal decision making and choice as employed by law enforcement is the definition of ______.

A)community policing
B)biased justice
C)a community-based policing service
D)discretion

Question 48

Which statement is not true regarding a juvenile's decision to waive his or her Miranda rights?

A)It does not require the presence of parents or lawyers.
B)It is a violation of the defendant's Fifth Amendment rights.
C)Its legality is determined by the totality of the circumstances.
D)Its constitutionality was established in People v. Lara.

Question 49

Which of the following would not be considered a warrantless search?

A)Stop-and-frisk
B)Home entry
C)Consent search
D)Searches pursuant to a court order

Question 50

A suspect's speech, demeanor, dress, and attitude are all aspects of which discretionary factor?

A)Environmental
B)Situational
C)Community
D)Police policy

Question 51

In _____, the U.S. Supreme Court established a clearly defined procedure for custodial interrogation. ​

Question 52

In _____, the U.S. Supreme Court held that constitutional privileges against self-incrimination apply in juvenile as well as adult cases. ​

Question 53

In _____, the U.S. Supreme Court established that police may stop a suspect and search for evidence without a warrant under certain circumstances. ​

Question 54

An ______ is a person who has access to criminal networks and shares information with authorities in exchange for money or special treatment under conditions of anonymity.

Question 55

_____ is essential in providing individualized justice. ​

Question 56

The increased incidence of African Americans being arrested would suggest which discretionary factor at play?

A)Racial bias
B)The "dad" effect
C)Gender bias
D) The chivalry effect

Question 57

A question posed by the police to a suspect in custody is a ______.

A)consent interrogation
B)violation of the defendant's Fifth Amendment rights
C)custodial statement
D)custodial interrogation

Question 58

An officer's conforming to community standards when deciding on a course of action is an example of what type of factor influencing discretion?

A)Environmental
B)Situational
C)Community
D)Police policy

Question 59

The decreased incidence of females being arrested would suggest which discretionary factor at play?

A)Racial bias
B)The "dad" effect
C)Gender bias
D)The chivalry effect

Question 60

In Arizona v. Gant , the Supreme court placed limitations on ______. ​

A)aggressive law enforcement
B)warrantless search
C)illegal search
D)police searches of automobiles

Question 61

When police take into account a juvenile's appearance, speech, and demeanor, it is called a ____ factor. ​

Question 62

Discuss the aspects (i.e., history, constitutional issues) of the Fare v. Michael C. and California v. Prysock cases . Do you agree or disagree with the Court's holdings? Explain. ​

Question 63

Discuss the history of juvenile policing in the early American colonies through the 1930s. ​

Question 64

What are the pros and cons of the police using different delinquency prevention strategies? ​

Question 65

The conflict police officers face that revolve around the requirement to do their duty as law enforcement officers and a desire to aid in rehabilitating youthful offenders is called ___. ​

Question 66

Discuss Arizona v. Gant (2009). What is the history of the case, what constitutional amendment is under scrutiny, and how did the Court rule? Do you agree or disagree with the Courts holding? Explain. ​

Question 67

Implemented in Boston, ______ is one of the most successful examples of problem-oriented policing focusing on reducing juvenile crime and violence. ​

Question 68

A strategy that emphasizes reducing fear and organizing the community is called _____. ​

Question 69

Explain how environmental factors would influence a police officer's use of discretion. Do you think environmental factors are important in discretionary decision making? Why or why not? ​

Question 70

Advocates of community policing regard the approach as useful in juvenile justice for a number of reasons. Name the reasons indicated in the text. Explain your view on community policing and delinquency. ​

Question 71

Targeting gangs and arresting members for any law violation is referred to as a _____. ​

Question 72

Discuss gender bias in police treatment of male and female offenders. Provide an example. ​

Question 73

The decision by police not to arrest female suspects is called the  ______. ​

Question 74

When police conform to the community's norms in deciding on an arrest, it is called a(n) ____ factor. ​

Question 75

What is an informant? Discuss role conflict in regard to using juveniles as informants. Do you agree or disagree with the practice? Explain. ​

Question 76

Discuss police in schools, including an example of a school-based program with a school and police partnership. Explain your view of police officers in schools. ​

Question 77

The requirement that police inform suspects of their constitutional rights is called the ____. ​

Question 78

The system of paid watchmen patrolling at night to protect homes is called the ____ system. ​

Question 79

The greater likelihood of African Americans being arrested for crimes as opposed to White suspects is an example of a ____ bias. ​

Question 80

Discuss Operation Ceasefire, including the names of some of the agencies involved in this effort. Why do you think this initiative was successful? ​