Deck 12: Delinquency Prevention: Social and Developmental Perspectives

Question 1

The Public Health Approach is divided into primary prevention, secondary prevention, and general prevention.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Delinquency prevention programs receive a fraction of what is spent on the juvenile justice system to deal with young people once they have broken the law.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Mentoring has been shown to reduce delinquency and aggression.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

There are only two methods by which to classify delinquency prevention programs-the public health approach and the developmental perspective.

Question 5

Delinquency prevention programs directly help the adolescent, but other benefits, such as job skill acquisition and stronger family ties, are also benefits created by these programs.

Question 6

Daycare serves to provide the child with a number of benefits, including social interaction with other children.

Question 7

According to one study, the cost to society of a single murder is as high as $10 million.

Question 8

A negative prior factor in an individual's life that increases the risk of delinquency is called a protective factor.

Question 9

The developmental perspective is characterized in part by its implementation from childhood to transition to work as an adult.

Question 10

Nearly one-fourth of the programs reviewed in the Blueprints for Violence Prevention initiative were found to meet the established scientific standards to be proven effective.

Question 11

The Oregon Social Learning Center (OSLC) targeted first-time mothers-to-be to receive home visits from nurses during their pregnancy.

Question 12

An evaluation of the Cambridge-Somerville Youth Study found that the control group committed more crime than those in the experimental group.

Question 13

Any justice program or policy designed to prevent the occurrence of a future delinquent act is called delinquency prevention.

Question 14

Delinquency prevention programs are designed with the intention of excluding juvenile justice personnel.

Question 15

One report found that by age 5, children who experienced the enriched daycare offered by Head Start averaged a 10-point gain on their IQ scores.

Question 16

Delinquency prevention programs always involve the juvenile justice system.

Question 17

Wilderness programs, probation, and secure confinement are examples of delinquency control programs.

Question 18

Including violence prevention curricula as part of health education classes is one type of school-based prevention program that has received much attention in recent years in the United States.

Question 19

Juvenile delinquency and the juvenile justice system have little relationship to each other.

Question 20

The only national estimate of the costs of juvenile delinquency focuses on _____.

A)status crimes
B)sexual crimes
C)juvenile violence
D)substance abuse

Question 21

A popular and effective form of family support according to the text is _____.

A)Head Start
B)Mentor America
C)home visitation
D)PALS

Question 22

______is a comprehensive program used in secondary schools that reduces school disorder and aims to improve the school environment.

A)Project PATHE
B)Big Brothers Big Sisters Program
C)Quantum Opportunities Program
D)Juvenile Mentoring Program

Question 23

_____ focused on the effects of an early preventive intervention program for 6-year-old boys from poor neighborhoods who were aggressive and hyperactive.

A)Mobilization for Youth (MOBY)
B)Chicago Area Project
C)Montreal Longitudinal-Experimental Study
D)Boston's Mid-City Project

Question 24

_______ has provided thousands of youths with advisors and relies on responsible and caring adults to volunteer their time as mentors to young people.

A)Project PATHE
B)Mobilization for Youth (MOBY)
C)Quantum Opportunities Program
D)Juvenile Mentoring Program

Question 25

More than _____ of all married couples with school-age children (ages 6 to 17) have both parents working outside the home.

A)one-half
B)one-quarter
C)nine-tenths
D)two-thirds

Question 26

Started by Shaw and McKay, the _____ was one of the earliest juvenile delinquency prevention programs.

A)Chicago Area Project
B)House of Refuge
C)Detached Street Workers
D)Cambridge Project

Question 27

______ dispatched trained social workers to seek out and meet with youth gangs three to four times a week on the gang's own turf.

A)Mobilization for Youth (MOBY)
B)Chicago Area Project
C)Boston's Mid-City Project
D)Cambridge-Somerville Youth Study

Question 28

Violence prevention curriculum for adolescents is one type of school-based prevention program.  What does the curriculum hope to achieve?

A)Present anger as a normal, potentially constructive human emotion
B) Encourage the free expression of anger whenever the emotion emerges ​
C)Develop methods to suppress anger and other self-destructive emotions
D)Develop age-appropriate expressions of anger

Question 29

________ is a Canadian program implemented in a public housing development in Ottawa that recruits low-income young people to participate in after-school activities.

A) Participate and Learn Skills (PALS) ​
B)Project PATHE
C)Quantum Opportunities Program
D)Juvenile Mentoring Program

Question 30

______, in the public health approach, focuses on intervening with adjudicated juvenile offenders through such measures as substance abuse treatment and imprisonment.

A) Primary prevention ​
B)Secondary prevention
C)Tertiary prevention
D)General prevention

Question 31

______ received federal funding and attempted an integrated approach to community development.

A)Mobilization for Youth (MOBY)
B)Chicago Area Project
C)Boston's Mid-City Project
D)Cambridge-Somerville Youth Study

Question 32

 ______is the best-known and largest job training program in the United States.

A)YouthBuild U.S.A.
B)Job Corps
C)Peace Corps
D)Dream Job

Question 33

The Cambridge-Somerville Youth Study was one of the first delinquency prevention programs to be evaluated using a(n) _____.

A)control group
B)cost-benefit analysis
C)self-report study
D)randomized experimental design

Question 34

The most widely cited parenting skills program is one created by the ______.

A)Administration on Children, Youth, and Families
B)Oregon Social Learning Center
C) Westinghouse Learning Center ​
D)Administration for Children and Families

Question 35

_____, in the public health approach, focuses on intervening with children and young people who are potentially at risk for becoming offenders.

A)Primary prevention
B)Secondary prevention
C)Tertiary prevention
D)General prevention

Question 36

______, in the public health approach, focuses on improving the general well-being of individuals through such measures as access to health care services and general prevention education.

A)Primary prevention
B)Secondary prevention
C)Tertiary prevention
D)General prevention

Question 37

In the _____, a major focus on delinquency prevention programs was to reach out to youth who were unlikely to use community centers.

A)1930s
B)1940s
C)1950s
D)1960s

Question 38

Boys and Girls Clubs of America are one of the most successful ______ in preventing juvenile delinquency.

A)mentoring programs
B)after-school programs
C)job training programs
D)comprehensive community-based programs

Question 39

One study puts the total cost of a murder, which includes victim costs plus costs to the justice system, at just under _____. ​

A)$1 million
B)$5 million
C)$ 8 million
D)$10 million

Question 40

The Oregon Social Learning Center (OSLC) personnel teaches parents _____.

A)disciplinary techniques that stress firmness
B)that scowling or scolding is effective at deterring their children's behavior
C)that time out is ineffective for controlling their children's behavior
D)that explosive discipline is a last resort form of discipline

Question 41

The ______was set up to help improve the lives of young people at high risk for delinquency, gang involvement, substance abuse and other problem behaviors. ​

A)Mobilization for Youth program (MOBY)
B)YMCA
C)Chicago Area Project
D)Children At Risk program (CAR)

Question 42

Boot camps present an example of delinquency ______.

Question 43

The _______teaches teachers and parents of students in first through sixth grade to reward appropriate behavior and to consistently provide negative consequences for undesirable behavior.

Question 44

The _____ program was set up to help improve the lives of young people at high risk for delinquency, gang involvement, substance abuse, and other problem behaviors.

Question 45

Which of the following risk factors would have the greatest impact on juvenile delinquency?

A)School problems
B)Property crime
C)Truancy
D)Fighting

Question 46

A positive prior factor in an individual's life that decreases the risk of future delinquent behaviors is termed a(n) _____.

A)protective factor
B)positive factor
C)lucky break
D)proactive factor

Question 47

The effectiveness of mentoring programs, according to the text, has been shown to be _____.

A)inconclusive, with some programs working and others not
B)most effective with older children
C)more effective than other programs
D)less effective than other programs

Question 48

_____ programs were instituted in the 1960s as a part of President Lyndon Johnson's War on Poverty.

Question 49

The most common areas of increased risk, based on a large number of male and female youths enrolled in the Juvenile Mentoring Programs are school and _____.

Question 50

The _____ used a method in which teachers learn techniques that reward appropriate student behavior and minimize disruptive behavior.

A)Good Behavior Game
B)Quantum Opportunities Program
C)Seattle Social Development Project
D)Juvenile Mentoring Program

Question 51

Elements in the randomized experimental design are the experimental group and the ____.

Question 52

The Nurse-Family Partnership is the best-known ______ program.

Question 53

Incarceration of juvenile delinquents is an example of a(n) _____ approach to juvenile delinquency.

Question 54

Experimentation with comprehensive community-based delinquency prevention began with the ______.

A)Mobilization for Youth program (MOBY)
B)YMCA
C)Chicago Area Project
D)Children At Risk Program (CAR)

Question 55

One approach to reduce the costs of juvenile delinquency that focuses on stopping delinquency before it begins is _____.

Question 56

The goal of _______ initiatives, such as Boston's Mid-City Program, was to meet youths on their own turf.

Question 57

The only national estimate of the costs of juvenile delinquency focuses on _____.

A)status crimes
B)sexual crimes
C)juvenile violence
D)substance abuse

Question 58

______ was started in 1978 by a group of young people in New York City to provide job training in carpentry and construction to disadvantaged, unemployed youths.

Question 59

Developmental prevention refers to interventions, especially those targeting _____ designed to prevent the growth of criminal potential in individuals.

A)status offenses
B)school failure
C)alcohol abuse
D)risk and protective factors

Question 60

Which of the following is NOT one of the pressing issues facing the future of delinquency prevention?

A)Ethical concerns over early intervention
B)The ease with which delinquency prevention programs have expanded
C)Labeling and stigmatization that target at-risk families
D)The long delays before early childhood programs show an impact on delinquency

Question 61

Discuss Positive Action Through Holistic Education (PATHE). Do you think that schools should be responsible for providing delinquency prevention programs? Explain.

Question 62

Discuss the research regarding programs aimed at improving parenting skills.

Question 63

Discuss Denise Gottfredson's research into after-schools programs in Maryland. Explain your view on after-school programs; include in your view who should be responsible for funding such programs.

Question 64

The ____ perspective claims that delinquency in adolescents is influence by "behavioral and attitudinal patterns that have been learned during an individual's development."

Question 65

Discuss what works, what doesn't work, and what is promising in regard to school-based delinquency prevention programs.

Question 66

_____ programs usually involve nonprofessional volunteers spending time with people at risk for delinquency.

Question 67

Discuss the national estimate of costs related to juvenile violence.

Question 68

Discuss federally funded delinquency prevention programs.

Question 69

____ childhood prevention programs are initiated before delinquency occurs.

Question 70

Explain the public heath approach to delinquency prevention.

Question 71

The text speaks to "the many faces of delinquency prevention." Explain what is meant by this turn of phrase.

Question 72

A group of subjects that does not receive a prevention program is called the ____.

Question 73

_____ programs are designed to assist students whose parent(s) work, even though school has been dismissed.

Question 74

______ is a comprehensive program used in secondary schools that reduces school disorder and aims to improve the school environment.

Question 75

Explain the developmental perspective to classify delinquency prevention activities.

Question 76

A group of subjects that receives a prevention program is called the ____.

Question 77

______ is the best-known and largest job training program in the United States.

Question 78

Delinquency prevention programs face a number of obstacles. Identify and discuss these obstacles. Which of the obstacles do you believe to be the most problematic? Explain.

Question 79

A(n) _____ factor would decrease the likelihood of delinquency in the future.