Deck 17: Delinquency and Juvenile Justice Abroad

Question 1

The right to bail for juveniles in England is the similar to the juvenile rights in the United States. ​

Answer 1

False

Question 2

The Council of Europe is responsible for compiling the United Nations Survey of Crime Trends and Operations of Criminal Justice Systems. ​

Answer 2

False

Question 3

The United Nations in 1985 adopted the Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice, otherwise known as the Beijing Rules. ​

Answer 3

True

Question 4

For the most part, teen violence in Europe has been on the decline. ​

Question 5

The age group defined as "juvenile" is relatively the same across countries. ​

Question 6

War crimes are an example of transnational crimes. ​

Question 7

Transnational crime and international crime are synonymous. ​

Question 8

The end of apartheid in South Africa has left many broken promises for its youth in terms of access to education and opportunities for the future. ​

Question 9

Violent crime is one of the biggest problems facing Mexico, spurred on by gang violence and the sale of illegal drugs. ​

Question 10

One major source of youth violence in Germany has come from skinheads. ​

Question 11

In Switzerland, one year is the longest period of time that a juvenile offender can be sentenced to custody. ​

Question 12

The legal definition of juvenile crime does not vary from country to country. ​

Question 13

INTERPOL's measure of worldwide homicide is considered the most accurate source of homicide statistics. ​

Question 14

The fall of communism and the transition to democracy has had profound effects on juvenile crime in those countries. ​

Question 15

One reason to conduct cross-country studies would be to assess which countries have high and low delinquency rates.

Question 16

According to the text, in New Zealand, the specialized youth aid sections of the police departments have reportedly diverted more than half of the juvenile offenders out of the juvenile justice system. ​

Question 17

" Developed countries" refers to those which have developed significant amounts of juvenile violence. ​

Question 18

It is reported that economic stagnation has not affected the rise in international youth violence. ​

Question 19

The number of juvenile arrests for violent offenses in Japan peaked several years ago and then began to decline. ​

Question 20

In the United States, the rate of teenage drug use shows increases since 1996. ​

Question 21

While in recent years the trend has changed, _____ had maintained extremely low delinquency and crime rates in the post-World War II era.

A)Japan
B)France
C)Italy
D)Denmark

Question 22

Crime that is carried out across the borders of two or more countries and violates the laws of those countries is called _____.

A)transnational crime
B)international crime
C)global crime
D)borderless crime

Question 23

In _____, the precourt diversion program named Het Alternatief or HALT is utilized.

A)Germany
B)Switzerland
C)Austria
D)The Netherlands

Question 24

In the United States, 62% of students report any alcohol use; in the Czech Republic and Latvia, the percentage of students reporting any alcohol use was ___. ​

A)much lower
B)unreported
C)much higher
D)about the same

Question 25

Organized government or criminal groups in South America that selectively kill members of opposing groups and incite fear in those groups and among their supporters are known as _____.

A)drug lords
B)freedom fighters
C)death squads
D)skinheads

Question 26

The _____ are best known for the violence they inflict at dance parties organized by other young people.

A)Hooligan Boys
B)Mafia Boys
C)Eagles
D)Posse

Question 27

The Japanese term hikikomori means _____.

A)freedom fighter
B)gang member
C)those who isolate themselves
D)Samurai warrior

Question 28

In the countries of Austria, France, Italy, and _____, transfer of a juvenile to adult court is not permissible.

A)Russia
B)Demark
C)Japan
D)Switzerland

Question 29

In Europe, the main reason for an increase in teen violence is believed to be the tremendous growth in _____.

A)immigrating youth populations
B)truancy from school
C)drug use
D)unemployment

Question 30

In the United States, _____ states have no standard minimum age at which a young person can be held criminally responsible.

A)10
B)25
C)36
D)41

Question 31

_____ has become a "'national crisis" in England.

A)Cyberbullying
B)Gang-related homicide
C)Underage drinking
D)Child prostitution

Question 32

The Standard Minimum Rules in the Administration of Juvenile Justice, which set out principles for countries to follow in the administration of juvenile justice, are also known as the _____.

A)Treaty of Brussels
B)Beijing Rules
C)Treaty of Versailles
D)Prague Rules

Question 33

In _____, a child of 6 can be held responsible for his or her criminal action.

A)France
B)England
C)Sri Lanka
D)Austria

Question 34

By common law, states in the United States may use _____ years as the minimum age that a young person can be held criminally responsible.

A)6
B)7
C)9
D)10

Question 35

In Moscow, _____ led to criminal investigations against people who ordered child pornography in more than 20 nations. ​

A)Operation Whistle Blower
B)Operation Wild Flower
C)Operation Porn Crackdown
D)Operation Blue Orchid

Question 36

The latest comparative study of teenage drug use in Europe found that ____ students had used illicit drugs over their lifetime.

A)one in three
B)one in five
C)one in seven
D)one in ten

Question 37

International statistics gathered by the ______ are considered the most accurate in regard to homicides.

A)United Nations Survey of Crime Trends and Operations of Criminal Justice Systems
B)World Health Organization
C)International Criminal Police Organization
D)International Association of Chiefs of Police

Question 38

In _____, the police response to juvenile delinquency is based on a welfare approach.

A)China
B)Japan
C)Korea
D)Thailand

Question 39

The countries _____ do not have juvenile courts.

A)Austria, Russia, and Holland
B)Denmark, Russia, and Sweden
C)Switzerland, Romania, and Austria
D)Sweden, Denmark, and Germany

Question 40

It is estimated that _____ of all crimes in Japan are committed by people under age 20.

A)less than 10%
B)about one-third
C)nearly half
D)nearly all

Question 41

Compare and contrast the English and American youth courts.

Question 42

Germany has been plagued with _____ since reunification in 1989.

A)sex trafficking
B)drug abuse
C)skinhead violence
D)alcohol abuse

Question 43

Discuss teen violence in Germany and France. In your opinion, does teen violence in these countries mirror teen violence in the United States? Explain.

Question 44

Explain the English Children Act, including the three main principles. Explain your view of this Act.

Question 45

In 1908 England passed legislation, known as the _____, which mandated young offenders to be treated differently from adult offenders.

A)Youthful Offenders Act
B)Children Act
C)Adolescent Protection Act
D)Juvenile Offenders Act

Question 46

In England, more than _____ of cases recommended for prosecution are subsequently dismissed by the prosecution.

A)10%
B)18%
C)25%
D)20%

Question 47

For juvenile offenders in the Netherlands, a life sentence may mean serving as much as _____ years.

A) 20
B)30
C)50
D)70

Question 48

Explain Maisons de justice . Explain your view of this system.

Question 49

Compare and contrast the age of criminal responsibility at the international level. Explain your view of the age minimums and maximums.

Question 50

In England, the _____is(are) in charge of criminal prosecutions of juveniles and adults.

A)prosecutor
B)judge
C)Crown's Prosecution Service
D)police

Question 51

In England, the _____ decide(s) whether to prosecute the juvenile or to divert him or her from prosecution.

A)prosecutor
B)judge
C)court's legal assistant
D)police

Question 52

Discuss the recent study conducted by the European Crime Prevention Network (ECPN) regarding trends in juvenile violence in European Union countries. The text indicates a problem with data collection on an international level; explain why you believe this to be the case.

Question 53

Discuss the general principles as put forth by the Seventh U.N. Congress on the Prevention of Crime and the Treatment of Offenders. Are there other principles you believe should be included? Explain.

Question 54

Discuss the growing problem of juvenile crime and gang violence in many African countries. In your opinion, does teen violence in these countries mirror teen violence in the United States? Explain.

Question 55

Discuss international juvenile policing. Is there a similarity to juvenile policing in the United States? Explain.

Question 56

Compare and contrast juvenile drug use within the United States and Europe.

Question 57

The sentences for violent juvenile offenders over the past two decades in England have _____.

A)stayed relatively stable
B)become much harsher
C)shown no trend in any direction
D)become more lenient

Question 58

In _____, violence is the second leading cause of death behind heart disease.

A)Brazil
B)Sri Lanka
C)Russia
D)Mexico

Question 59

The opportunity for youthful offenders to receive treatment and community sentences resulted from the adoption of which law?

A)Criminal Justice and Public Order Act of 1994
B)Criminal Justice and Immigration Act of 2008
C)Youth Justice and Criminal Evidence Act
D)Crime and Disorder Act of 1998

Question 60

The _____ is the criminal court that deals with adult offenders or juveniles who have been transferred from youth court.

A)Crown Court
B)adult court
C)Crown's Prosecution Service
D)criminal court

Question 61

Crime that is carried out across the borders of two or more countries and violates the laws of those countries is called ____.

Question 62

Robbery and offenses involving serious bodily harm are all examples of what type of crime?

Question 63

Most German ____ are social misfits, with minimal education and few employment opportunities.

Question 64

____ are organized government or criminal groups that selectively kill members of opposing groups and incite fear in those groups and their supporters.

Question 65

The _____ is the criminal court that deals with adult offenders or juveniles who have been transferred from youth court.

Question 66

Crime that is punishable under international law is called ____.

Question 67

In England, the _____is in charge of criminal prosecutions of juveniles and adults.

Question 68

Those countries recognized by the United Nations as showing signs of improving economic growth while making the transition from low- to high-income societies are referred to as _____ countries.

Question 69

Those countries recognized by the United Nations as the richest countries in the world are called ____ countries.

Question 70

The _____ of 1908 established in England for the first time that young offenders were to be treated differently from adult offenders.

Question 71

In Europe, the main reason for an increase in teen violence is linked to a rise in ____.

Question 72

The minimum age at which a person can be held responsible for his or her criminal actions is called the _____.

Question 73

International comparisons involve two or more _____.

Question 74

One reason for the rise in juvenile crime in Eastern Europe is its transition from communism to ____.

Question 75

Once the police in England have charged the juvenile, a ___ hearing will be set, which differs from practices in the United states where most states refuse this right.

Question 76

Burglary, motor vehicle theft, vandalism, and larceny are all examples of what type of crime?

Question 77

Those countries recognized by the United Nations as being the poorest countries in the world are referred to as _____ countries.

Question 78

The ____ has the most accurate international survey of homicides.

Question 79

A variety of benefits may result from comparing one country's juvenile crime experience with another country's.  This type of study, comparing one country with another, is called a ____ comparison.

Question 80

The Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice is also referred to as the ____, named after the city where they were adopted.