Deck 22: The Great Depression and the New Deal, 1929-1939

Question 1

Frances Perkins was instrumental in creating the

A)Civilian Conservation Corps.
B)Glass-Steagall Banking Act.
C)Social Security Act.
D)Agricultural Adjustment Act.

Answer 1

Social Security Act.

Question 2

As governor of New York, Franklin D. Roosevelt

A)was one of the few governors to mobilize his state's limited resources to help the unemployed and poor.
B)tended to withdraw from the public.
C)followed a conservative budget policy that made any deficit impossible.
D)transformed the state's and the states' residents economic and political outlook forever.

Answer 2

was one of the few governors to mobilize his state's limited resources to help the unemployed and poor.

Question 3

After the stock market crash, Secretary of the Treasury Andrew Mellon and other experts

A)immediately called for strong government programs to rectify the situation.
B)believed that the economy would soon correct itself.
C)took over as head of the Reconstruction Finance Corporation.
D)called on businesses to reduce profits rather than lay off workers.

Answer 3

believed that the economy would soon correct itself.

Question 4

The Public Works Administration sought

A)to employ young men from cities.
B)to find jobs only for unskilled workers.
C)to offer equal pay for all workers, regardless of race.
D)to assist states with their relief programs.

Question 5

Which statement best describes President Hoover's handling of the Bonus March?

A)He turned the army against unemployed World War I veterans, virtually destroying his reelection chances.
B)Because he had not served during World War I, he antagonized veterans organizations by personally going out and talking to the marchers.
C)He used force against a group that was widely considered Communist, winning considerable praise from many quarters.
D)He simply waited out the marchers, knowing that eventually they would go home peacefully.

Question 6

All of the following is true about the National Recovery Administration, EXCEPT:

A)It paid farmers to reduce production.
B)It was a compromise drawn from Roosevelt's and his advisors' ideas.
C)It implied a legal mandate for union organizing.
D)Its regulations made price-fixing unavoidable.

Question 7

President Hoover's Secretary of the Treasury Andrew Mellon

A)had long harbored doubts about the free-market system.
B)proved too inexperienced to deal with the economic crisis.
C)believed that the market plunge was temporary and would strengthen the economy.
D)anticipated many of the New Deal ideas in his own communications with Hoover.

Question 8

Penny auctions were

A)sales events in which no item cost more than a penny.
B)numismatic conventions that gained new importance at a time when cash was short.
C)auctions in which a unified community would buy foreclosed farm properties from neighbors at agreed-on low prices in order to return them to the distressed owner.
D)a nickname for crowds of beggars on the street all requesting pennies.

Question 9

On Black Thursday, October 24, 1929

A)stock prices plunged on the New York Stock Exchange.
B)President Hoover declared a national day of mourning.
C)grain prices soared on the Chicago Commodities Exchange.
D)seven members of the Chicago White Sox admitted to having received bribes for throwing the World Series.

Question 10

The Glass-Steagall Banking Act

A)increased bank reserves to encourage lending.
B)attempted to remove government requirements that set minimum prices.
C)established savings and loan associations.
D)provided emergency financing for banks and life insurance companies.

Question 11

The Emergency Relief Division of the Reconstruction Finance Corporation

A)was created over Hoover's veto.
B)provided direct cash payments to needy individuals.
C)loaned small sums to states to be spent on relief.
D)created the modern "welfare state."

Question 12

In 1929, unemployment was 3 percent. By 1933, it was

A)25 percent.
B)17 percent.
C)9 percent.
D)5 percent.

Question 13

The Agricultural Adjustment Act

A)allowed the federal government to sell farm products to Asia.
B)paid farmers not to grow crops or raise livestock.
C)issued homesteads to needy families.
D)was upheld by the U.S. Supreme Court.

Question 14

Senator Huey Long of Louisiana advocated

A)heavy taxes for rich people to provide a range of benefits for everyone else.
B)impeaching Franklin Roosevelt for his socialistic ideas.
C)cutting income taxes in order to stimulate business investment.
D)sending unemployed black people to Africa.

Question 15

The Reconstruction Finance Corporation tried to fight the Depression by

A)providing relief directly to the unemployed.
B)encouraging the creation of small businesses.
C)loaning money to banks, railroads, and large corporations to keep them in business.
D)paying farmers not to grow crops.

Question 16

Why did Hoover oppose direct federal relief to the poor?

A)He thought the poor should look for work instead.
B)He thought it would erode the work ethic.
C)He was indifferent to their needs.
D)He thought relief for the poor was the responsibility of local government.

Question 17

The Hawley-Smoot Tariff of 1930

A)cut tariff rates so low that American workers lost their jobs due to foreign competition.
B)stimulated world trade by cutting tariff rates.
C)raised tariff rates, encouraging a tariff war that stifled world trade.
D)raised tariff rates, bringing a needed infusion of cash into the federal budget.

Question 18

Americans who had voted for Hoover in 1928

A)wanted change.
B)put their faith in Republican strategies against the Depression.
C)were hoping for more of the same.
D)were motivated by their anger against the Democratic incumbent.

Question 19

The Emergency Banking Bill

A)allowed the federal government to support private banks.
B)closed all American banks.
C)gave Roosevelt the authority to create government-owned banks.
D)limited the amount of money people could deposit in banks.

Question 20

Dr. Francis Townsend advocated the creation of

A)government-owned banks.
B)federal pensions for the elderly.
C)a guaranteed income for all Americans.
D)free college education for all children.

Question 21

The Wagner Act

A)created the Congress of Industrial Organizations.
B)covered workers in the private and public sectors.
C)defined unfair labor practices.
D)created systems of unemployment.

Question 22

How did the Great Depression affect women's position in the home?

A)It had little impact on women's position in the home.
B)Women became respected as breadwinners.
C)Men found they had to help with household chores.
D)Women who worked outside the home were viewed as not caring about their families.

Question 23

With which New Deal program was Frances Perkins most clearly associated?

A)National Labor Relations Board
B)Social Security system
C)National Recovery Administration
D)Agricultural Adjustment Administration

Question 24

The director of the National Youth Administration's Division of Negro Affairs was

A)Mary McLeod Bethune.
B)W.E.B. Du Bois.
C)Louis Armstrong
D)Huey Long.

Question 25

The most controversial aspect of the Social Security Act was

A)pensions for Americans 65 and older.
B)aid to state unemployment compensation systems.
C)assistance to families with dependent children.
D)how much further it went than Francis Townsend's proposals.

Question 26

Instructions: Identify the following terms:
Frances Perkins

Question 27

Which statement best describes the experiences of Latinos during the Great Depression?

A)They formed political organizations that elected several members of the California and Texas legislatures.
B)New Deal legislation helped Latino workers organize throughout the West.
C)Mexican farm workers won wage and benefit increases in a series of strikes.
D)California growers encouraged hundreds of thousands of Mexican workers to enter the United States by promising them jobs.

Question 28

Novels like Erskine Caldwell's Tobacco Road , John Steinbeck's The Grapes of Wrath , and Richard Wright's Native Son

A)portrayed poor individuals struggling against problems that were society's fault.
B)mocked the snooty customs of the very rich.
C)showed how a poor individual could become wealthy if he had enough "pluck and luck."
D)called for revolution by the nation's underclass.

Question 29

Which statement best describes the impact of the Great Depression on traditional values?

A)Most Americans deserted traditional values in the face of such suffering.
B)It became impossible to hold to traditional values as the Depression forced families apart.
C)Marriage rates soared as Americans tried to create a sense of normalcy.
D)Most Americans clung even tighter to traditional values.

Question 30

The Works Progress Administration

A)did little more than "make work" for a few hundred unemployed persons.
B)hired artists to paint and authors to write.
C)set national minimum wage standards.
D)required that the federal government give a job to anyone who wanted one.

Question 31

The court-packing plan

A)involved rumors of sexual misconduct on the bench.
B)refers to the difficult time the court faced during major renovations of the court in the 1930s.
C)was an effort by Roosevelt to add justices to the bench, creating his own favorable majority in the Supreme Court.
D)was an ill-advised and pathetically executed attack on the Capitol by the KKK.

Question 32

Instructions: Identify the following terms:
credit crunch

Question 33

The Fair Labor Standards Act

A)established a minimum wage and a maximum workweek.
B)authorized unions to bargain collectively.
C)guaranteed workers the right to strike.
D)provided protection for farm laborers.

Question 34

Instructions: Identify the following terms:
Black Thursday

Question 35

In Butler v. the United States , the Supreme Court ruled that

A)the special tax under the Agricultural Adjustment Act was illegal.
B)government could not subsidize business in any manner.
C)farmers were obliged to curtail production without government compensation.
D)the government was obligated to help farmers affected by the Dust Bowl.

Question 36

The Congress of Industrial Organizations

A)took up the cause of craft unions.
B)specialized in the claims of women and minorities.
C)modeled itself after the brotherhoods of the nineteenth century.
D)brought together industrial unions.

Question 37

The Supreme Court declared the National Recovery Administration illegal because

A)it regulated companies not involved in interstate commerce.
B)it was too favorable to business interests.
C)the federal government had no authority to implement collective bargaining.
D)the government could set codes to fix prices but not set wages.

Question 38

The Indian Reorganization Act of 1934

A)prohibited Indians from getting jobs with the federal government.
B)stripped tribal councils of their remaining powers.
C)authorized tribes to set up gambling casinos.
D)gave Indians self-rule on their reservations.

Question 39

Which statement best describes the long-term impact of the New Deal?

A)Americans look to the federal government to solve economic problems.
B)Federal power has shifted from the executive branch to Congress.
C)The federal government has accepted the responsibility of protecting the civil rights of racial minorities.
D)The groups that were wealthy and powerful before the New Deal have lost most of their former influence.

Question 40

Which of the following is true about the Scottsboro Nine case?

A)It only took a year to get their convictions overturned and have them outside again.
B)It was the first racially charged case of such a kind in the state of Illinois.
C)It involved spurious charges of rape against nine African American men and adolescents.
D)The Scottsboro Nine were tried by a jury of their peers.

Question 41

Instructions: Identify the following terms:
Civilian Conservation Corps

Question 42

Instructions: Identify the following terms:
Blacklisting

Question 43

Instructions: Identify the following terms:
Federal Home Loan Bank Act

Question 44

Instructions: Identify the following terms:
Huey Long

Question 45

Instructions: Identify the following terms:
National Industrial Recovery Act

Question 46

Instructions: Identify the following terms:
Fair Labor Standards Act

Question 47

Instructions: Identify the following terms:
price fixing

Question 48

Instructions: Identify the following terms:
Reconstruction Finance Corporation

Question 49

Instructions: Identify the following terms:
Works Progress Administration

Question 50

Instructions: Identify the following terms:
Bank holiday

Question 51

Instructions: Identify the following terms:
Mary McLeod Bethune

Question 52

Instructions: Identify the following terms:
New Deal

Question 53

Instructions: Identify the following terms:
Roosevelt's recession

Question 54

Instructions: Identify the following terms:
Father Charles Coughlin

Question 55

Instructions: Identify the following terms:
Agricultural Adjustment Act

Question 56

Instructions: Identify the following terms:
Public Works Administration

Question 57

Instructions: Identify the following terms:
Tennessee Valley Authority

Question 58

Instructions: Identify the following terms:
Bonus Army

Question 59

Instructions: Identify the following terms:
Social Security Act

Question 60

Instructions: Identify the following terms:
Congress of Industrial Organizations

Question 61

How did the Great Depression affect American families?

Question 62

Ask students to analyze the issues and the candidates in the 1936 election. Did Huey Long, Father Charles Coughlin, and Dr. Townsend share political philosophy with previous third-party movements such as populism?

Question 63

Instructions: Identify the following terms:
Black Cabinet

Question 64

Instructions: Identify the following terms:
"Making Do"

Question 65

How did the Great Depression affect minorities?

Question 66

Was the New Deal a success or a failure?

Question 67

Instructions: Identify the following terms:
Indian Reorganization Act

Question 68

Assess Herbert Hoover's response to the Great Depression. Why were his programs not more successful?