Deck 15: Understanding Regression Analysis Basics

Question 1

What variable is customarily termed y in the regression straight-line equation?

A)Null variable
B)Dependent variable
C)Controlled variable
D)Independent variable

Answer 1

B

Question 2

With multiple regression,you work with a ________ rather than a line.

A)scatter plot
B)bivariate plane
C)regression plane
D)elliptical plane

Answer 2

C

Question 3

To compute a(intercept)and b(slope),you must work with a number of ________ of the various levels of the dependent variable paired with different levels of the independent variable.

A)observations
B)large samples
C)small samples
D)survey responses

Answer 3

A

Question 4

The ________ is that which is predicted in the regression formula.

A)null variable
B)independent variable
C)controlled variable
D)dependent variable

Question 5

What variable is customarily termed x in the regression formula?

A)Null variable
B)Dependent variable
C)Independent variable
D)Controlled variable

Question 6

The researcher and the manager identify,measure,and analyze specific variables that pertain to the ________ model in mind.

A)general conceptual
B)specific conceptual
C)statistical
D)analytical

Question 7

What is the type of analysis for the case in which only two variables are involved in the predictive model?

A)Bivariate regression analysis
B)Multivariate regression analysis
C)Analysis of variables
D)Predictive correlation

Question 8

Multiple R ranges from ________ and represents the amount of the dependent variable"explained,"or accounted for,by the combined independent variables.

A)-1.0 to +1.0
B)0 to +1.0
C)0 to +10
D)1.0 to 100.00

Question 9

What is the primary term for"coefficient of determination,"a handy measure of the strength of the overall linear relationship?

A)Multiple T
B)Multiple L
C)Multiple C
D)Multiple R

Question 10

A ________ model identifies independent and dependent variables and shows their expected basic relationships to one another.

A)specific statistical
B)general statistical
C)specific conceptual
D)general conceptual

Question 11

Researchers sometimes refer to bivariate regression as:

A)Dual regression.
B)Simple regression.
C)Complex regression.
D)Non-complex regression.

Question 12

What is a satisfactory method for improving a regression analysis?

A)Use a spiral diagram to identify outlier pairs of points
B)Use a pie chart to identify outlier pairs of points
C)Use a scatter diagram to identify outlier pairs of points
D)Use a cluster diagram to identify outlier pairs of points

Question 13

Regression is ________ to correlation by the underlying straight-line relationship.

A)indirectly related
B)not related
C)inversely related
D)directly related

Question 14

What is a way of guaranteeing that the straight line that runs through the points on the scatter diagram is positioned so as to minimize the vertical distances away from the line of the various points?

A)Use of the maximum squares criterion
B)Use of the least squares criterion
C)Use of the greatest squares criterion
D)Use of the minimum squares criterion

Question 15

The multiple regression analysis model assumes that a straight-line(plane)relationship exists among the variables,just as in:

A)Bivariate regression analysis.
B)Correlation.
C)Chi-square analysis.
D)Analysis of variables.

Question 16

The ________ is the basis of regression analysis.

A)dual-line equation
B)regression equation
C)straight-line equation
D)variable equation

Question 17

What is the predictive analysis technique in which one or more variables are used to predict the level of another by use of the straight-line formula?

A)Regression analysis
B)Correlation
C)Analysis of variables
D)Predictive analytics

Question 18

________ is like a lead indicator of the multiple regression analysis findings since it is one of the first pieces of information provided in a multiple regression output.

A)Multiple R
B)Multiple C
C)Multiple L
D)Multiple T

Question 19

________ is an expansion of bivariate regression analysis in that more than one independent variable is used in the regression equation.

A)Analyses of variables
B)Multiple regression analysis
C)Correlation analysis
D)Chi-square analysis

Question 20

________ is a very powerful tool because it tells us what factors are related to the dependent variable,how each factor influences the dependent variable(the sign),and how much each factor influences it(the size of bi).

A)Chi-square analysis
B)Analysis of variables
C)Correlation analysis
D)Multiple regression

Question 21

High multiple R values indicate what?

A)That the regression plane does not apply well to the scatter of points
B)That the regression plane applies well to the scatter of points
C)That the regression plane contains multiple errors
D)That the regression analysis should be rerun

Question 22

The interval-at-minimum scaling assumption requirement of multiple regression may be relaxed by use of a:

A)Dummy variable.
B)Null variable.
C)Substitute variable.
D)Dependent variable.

Question 23

What does a researcher do with the mixed significance results he or she may have found in a multiple regression analysis?

A)Leave the nonsignificant independence variable and rerun the multiple regression
B)Eliminate the nonsignificant independence variable and rerun the regression
C)Expand the nonsignificant independence variable and rerun the regression
D)Ignore the mixed significance results since they are meaningless

Question 24

A researcher might be seeking market segmentation bases and could use regression to spot which demographic variables are related to the consumer behavior variable under study.What type of special use of regression analysis is this considered?

A)Standardized beta
B)"Dummy"independent variable
C)A screening device
D)"Dummy"dependent variable

Question 25

When a researcher has many independent variables and wants to narrow the set down to a smaller number,which form of regression is useful?

A)Variance inflation regression
B)Variance deflation regression
C)Forward multiple regression
D)Stepwise multiple regression

Question 26

A marketing researcher may be faced with a large number and variety of prospective independent variables in a general conceptual model,and may use ________ as a way of spotting the salient independent variables for the dependent variable at hand.

A)bivariate regression
B)analysis of variables
C)correlation analysis
D)multiple regression

Question 27

Of the following,which ONE variance inflation factor(VIF)would be a cause for concern?

A)7
B)4
C)1
D)12

Question 28

When a researcher standardizes independent variables through a quick operation that involves dividing the difference between each independent variable value and its mean by the standard deviation of that independent variable,it results in the:

A)Beta coefficient.
B)Standardized beta coefficient.
C)Non-standardized beta coefficient.
D)Standardized alpha coefficient.

Question 29

The way to avoid multicollinearity is to use warning statistics issued by most statistical analysis programs to identify this problem.One commonly used method is the:

A)Deflation factor(DF).
B)Regression factor(RF).
C)Variance inflation factor(VIF).
D)Standard variance factor(SVF).

Question 30

If VIF is ________,the researcher should remove that variable from the independent variable set and rerun the multiple regression.

A)greater than 10
B)equal to 10
C)less than 10
D)approximately 10

Question 31

The presence of correlations among the independent variables in multiple regression is termed:

A)Independence assumption.
B)Multicollinearity.
C)Regression plane.
D)Multicorrelation.

Question 32

Standardized betas indicate the relative importance of:

A)Standardized predictor variables.
B)Formal predictor variables.
C)Non-alternative predictor variables.
D)Alternative predictor variables.

Question 33

Before running a multiple regression,researchers must keep in mind that the independence assumption stipulates that the independent variables must be:

A)Statistically independent and uncorrelated with one another.
B)Statistically dependent and uncorrelated with one another.
C)Statistically independent and correlated with one another.
D)Statistically dependent and correlated with one another.

Question 34

Because independent variables are often measured with different units,it is erroneous to make ________ between the calculated betas.

A)direct comparisons
B)indirect comparisons
C)multiple comparisons
D)objective comparisons

Question 35

A multiple regression result is an estimate of the population multiple regression equation and,just as is the case with other estimated population parameters,it is necessary to test for what?

A)The size of the population
B)Statistical significance.
C)Standard deviation
D)Statistical non-significance

Question 36

Low multiple R values signal what?

A)That the regression plane contains multiple errors
B)That the regression analysis should be rerun
C)That the straight-line model does not apply well
D)That the straight-line model applies well

Question 37

There are instances in which a marketing researcher may want to use an independent variable that:

A)Embodies interval-scaling assumptions.
B)Does not embody ordinal-scaling assumptions.
C)Embodies a ratio variable assumption.
D)Does not embody interval-scaling assumptions.

Question 38

The ________ enables the marketing researcher to think in terms of fewer dimensions within which the dependent variable relationship operates.

A)trimming process
B)analysis of variance process
C)screening device process
D)mixed significance test

Question 39

The larger the absolute value of a standardized beta coefficient,the more relative importance it assumes in:

A)The standardized beta coefficient.
B)Predicting the independent variable.
C)Predicting the dependent variable.
D)Assuming a role as a screening device.

Question 40

When using SPSS to run stepwise multiple regression,there is:

A)No need to trim and rerun the regression analysis.
B)A need to leave the nonsignificant independence variable and rerun the multiple regression.
C)A need to expand the nonsignificant independence variable and rerun the regression.
D)No compelling need to examine the mixed significance results.

Question 41

There is a direct cause-and-effect relationship or true dependence between the dependent and independent variables in regression analysis.

Question 42

The independent variables that interest market researchers are typically sales,potential sales,or some attitude held by those who make up the market.

Question 43

When regression is used as a screening device,there are several items to report.Which of the following is NOT one of those items?

A)The dependent variable
B)Statistically significant independent variables
C)All non-statistically significant data
D)Signs of beta coefficients

Question 44

The researcher and the manager identify,measure,and analyze specific variables that pertain to the general conceptual model in mind.

Question 45

It is beneficial for the marketing manager and the market researcher to have some sort of model in mind when designing a research plan.

Question 46

With bivariate regression,one variable is used to predict another variable using the formula for a straight line.

Question 47

With ________,the statistically significant independent variable that explains the most variance in the dependent variable is determined and entered into the multiple regression equation.

A)standard multiple regression
B)stepwise multiple regression
C)linear regression
D)polynomial regression

Question 48

In the research design determination stage,the researcher and manager reduce the myriad of independent variables down to a manageable number to be included on the questionnaire.

Question 49

A straight-line relationship underlies regression,but is not a powerful predictive model.

Question 50

When using a Venn diagram to identify outliers,draw a circle that encompasses most of the points that appear to be in a circular pattern,then eliminate outliers from the data and rerun the regression analysis.

Question 51

When SPSS or any other statistical analysis program computes the intercept and the slope in a correlation analysis,it does so on the basis of the least squares criterion.

Question 52

A general conceptual model identifies independent and dependent variables and shows their expected basic relationships to one another.

Question 53

The objective of a screening mechanism is to identify the relevant or meaningful variables as they relate to some ________ of interest.

A)independent variable
B)dependent variable
C)co-dependent variable
D)descriptive variable

Question 54

An outlier is a data point that is substantially outside the normal range of the data points being analyzed.

Question 55

Even though two variables,such as sales and advertising,are logically connected,a regression analysis does not permit the marketing researcher to make cause-and-effect statements because:

A)Other independent variables are not controlled.
B)Other dependent variables are not controlled.
C)Other independent variables are controlled.
D)Other dependent variables are controlled.

Question 56

There is an underlying general conceptual model in multiple regression analysis.

Question 57

The final output in stepwise multiple regression contains:

A)Only statistically significant dependent variables.
B)Only statistically insignificant independent variables.
C)Only statistically significant independent variables.
D)Only statistically insignificant dependent variables.

Question 58

In regression analysis,it is strictly a statistical relationship between dependent and independent variables,not causal.

Question 59

Bivariate regression means only two variables are being analyzed,and researchers sometimes refer to this a"simple regression."

Question 60

Regression analysis springs from ________,which is a measure of the linear association and not the causal relationship between two variables.

A)bivariate analysis
B)analysis of variance
C)multivariate analysis
D)correlation analysis

Question 61

Some commonly used dummy variables are gender(males versus female),purchasing behavior(buyer versus nonbuyer),advertising exposure(recalled versus not recalled),and purchase history(first time buyer versus repeat buyer).

Question 62

Researchers must keep in mind that it is not necessary to run trimmed regressions iteratively until all betas are significant.

Question 63

A multiple regression result is an estimate of the population multiple regression equation and,just as is the case with other estimated population parameters,it is necessary to test for statistical significance.

Question 64

Used as a screening device,multiple regression analysis identifies dependent variables that qualify to be part of the final equation.

Question 65

It is possible to inspect the strength of the linear relationship between the independent variables and the dependent variable with multiple regression.

Question 66

With multiple regression,it is not necessary to look at the significance level of each calculated beta.

Question 67

Stepwise regression is useful if a researcher has many independent variables and wants to narrow the set down to a smaller number of statistically significant variables.

Question 68

The presence of moderate or stronger correlations among the dependent variables is termed multicollinearity and will violate the dependence assumption of multiple regression analysis results when it occurs.

Question 69

It is common practice to directly compare the beta coefficient for family size to another for money spent per month on personal grooming.

Question 70

A trimmed regression means that the researcher eliminates the nonsignificant independent variables and rerun the regression.

Question 71

Standardized betas indicate the relative importance of alternative predictor variables.

Question 72

Generally,during the trimming process,successive iterations sometimes cause the multiple R to change somewhat.However,it is not advisable to scrutinize this value after each run since the software automatically performs this action.

Question 73

The researcher can compare standardized beta coefficients' sizes directly,but comparing unstandardized betas is like comparing apples and oranges.

Question 74

The addition of independent variables complicates the model conceptualization by adding more dimensions or axes to the regression situation,but it makes the regression model more realistic because predictions normally depend on multiple factors,not just one.

Question 75

When examining the output of any multiple regression,the researcher should inspect the VIF number associated with each independent variable that is retained in the final multiple regression equation by the procedure.

Question 76

The greater the explanatory power of the multiple regression finding,the better and more useful it is for the researcher.

Question 77

The terminology is slightly different in places,and some statistics are modified to take into account the multiple aspects,but for the most part,concepts in multiple regression are not analogous to those in the simple bivariate case.

Question 78

Many researchers avoid mentally converting the multiple R value into a percentage,but rather insist on using a decimal value.

Question 79

Iterations during the trimming process will also cause the beta values and the intercept value to shift slightly;consequently,it is necessary to inspect all significance levels of the betas once again.

Question 80

There is no need to perform a great many bivariate regressions,as there is a much better tool called multiple regression analysis.