Deck 9: Theories of Intelligence and the Binet Scales

Question 1

A major implication of general intelligence is that

A)a person's intelligence can best be represented by a single score.
B)human intelligence is broad and general.
C)human intelligence is the interaction among a broad range of specific abilities.
D)human intelligence refers to good judgment, reasoning, concentration, attention, etc.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

The concept that older children have greater capabilities than younger children is referred to as

A)general mental ability.
B)intelligence.
C)Spearman's  g .
D)the principle of age differentiation.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

To support the notion of g , Spearman developed a statistical technique called

A)correlation.
B)principle components.
C)factor analysis.
D)analysis of variance.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Spearman suggested that the variance that is shared by a set of tests/scores represents

A)age differentiation.
B)positive manifold.
C)the g factor.
D)factor analysis.

Question 5

According to the concept of general intelligence, a person's intelligence score actually represents

A)differences in unique ability stemming from a specific task.
B)the additive score on a broad variety of tasks.
C)the shared variance underlying performance on a diverse set of tasks.
D)abilities on a particular test as compared to others within the same age group.

Question 6

Dr. Kang is investigating the mechanisms that underlie how humans learn and solve problems. She is using the ____ approach to investigate human intelligence.

A)information-processing
B)psychometric
C)cognitive
D)psychophysics

Question 7

What is the oldest approach to investigating human intelligence?

A)information-processing
B)psychometric
C)cognitive
D)psychophysics

Question 8

With the concept of general intelligence,

A)Binet's search for tasks could be unrestricted.
B)Binet was forced to ascertain the relative contribution of each element to the whole.
C)the value of a task could be judged in terms of its correlation with the total score.
D)each element of intelligence must first be identified.

Question 9

According to Spearman, what percentage of the variance in a set of mental ability tests is represented by the g factor?

A)50%
B)between 66.67% and 75%
C)75%
D)100%

Question 10

Which of the following is an implication of Binet's concept of general mental ability?

A)Individual items that do not correlate well with the total score can be eliminated.
B)A broad range of diverse items must be included.
C)Variability in the ability to perform specific skills should be minimal.
D)Those who are high in general mental ability will also be high in specific mental abilities.

Question 11

What technique is more commonly used today in order to evaluate age equivalent capabilities?

A)item response theory
B)factor analysis
C)mental age
D)predictive validity

Question 12

Which of the following is part of Binet's definition of intelligence?

A)memory function
B)the level of quantitative skills
C)self-criticism
D)the ability to carry on abstract thinking

Question 13

Binet believed that human intelligence was expressed through

A)socioeconomic status and level of education.
B)positive self concept and gender.
C)judgment, attention, and reasoning.
D)ethnicity and socioeconomic status.

Question 14

Which of the following needs was the impetus for the development of intelligence testing?

A)classification of  military recruits
B)identification of high quality civil service recruits
C)identification of individuals with intellectual disabilities
D)creation of vocational and technical colleges

Question 15

The tasks that Binet used to differentiate between age groups could be completed by what percentage of the children in a particular age group?

A)at least 50%
B)between 50% and 75%
C)between 66.67% and 75%
D)100%

Question 16

Binet's two major principles of test construction were

A)general mental ability and age differentiation.
B)reliability and validity.
C)norms and standardization.
D)age differentiation and age scale.

Question 17

With the principle of age differentiation,

A)one can find the equivalent age capabilities of a child independently of chronological age.
B)one can find the equivalent age capabilities of a child if their chronological age is known.
C)the deviation IQ can be ascertained.
D)Binet freed himself from the burden of identifying each independent aspect of intelligence.

Question 18

The finding that a correlation exists between scores on all standardized intelligence tests and ____ has been a problem in defining intelligence.

A)gender
B)profession
C)chronological age
D)socioeconomic status

Question 19

In research investigating human intelligence, focusing on how humans adapt to real-world demands is called a ____ approach.

A)information-processing
B)psychometric
C)cognitive
D)psychophysics

Question 20

What method of studying intelligence examines the properties of a test by evaluating its correlates and underlying dimensions?

A)factor analysis
B)psychometric
C)information-processing
D)cognitive

Question 21

The main improvement in the 1908 Binet-Simon scale was the introduction of

A)the concept of mental age.
B)a control group.
C)a performance scale.
D)the IQ concept.

Question 22

Which of the following is true about the 1905 Binet-Simon Scale?

A)It employed the mental age concept.
B)It contained 30 items, presented in random order.
C)The normative sample consisted of only 10 children.
D)It lacked an adequate measuring unit to express results.

Question 23

Those abilities that allow us to learn and acquire information can be referred to as

A)crystallized intelligence.
B)' g'.
C)fluid intelligence.
D)positive manifold.

Question 24

Which of the following is a valid criticism of early versions of the Binet Scale?

A)lack of ability to differentiate among different age groups
B)difficult and time-consuming administration
C)heavy reliance on verbal abilities
D)failure to relate to Binet's model of intelligence

Question 25

Before Binet, the notion of general mental ability had been propounded by

A)Wechsler.
B)Thurstone.
C)Galton.
D)Simon.

Question 26

The first version of what is now referred to as the Stanford-Binet, the Binet-Simon Scale, was developed in

A)1905.
B)1916.
C)1927.
D)1908.

Question 27

Binet's rationale for providing only a single score was

A)the result of the principle of age differentiation.
B)based on the notion of general mental ability.
C)logically inconsistent with his major premise.
D)inappropriate for his purpose.

Question 28

The age scale concept was introduced in

A)the 1905 Binet-Simon Scale.
B)the 1908 Binet-Simon Scale.
C)the 1911 Binet-Simon Scale.
D)the 1916 Stanford-Binet Scale.

Question 29

Terman's 1916 Stanford-Binet added the following improvement to the earlier scales:

A)an increase in the size of the standardization sample.
B)the age scale format.
C)the mental age concept.
D)the principle of age differentiation.

Question 30

The ____ version of the Binet-Simon scale was considered an age scale.

A)1905
B)1908
C)1911
D)1916

Question 31

In an age scale,

A)items are grouped according to difficulty.
B)items are grouped by content.
C)items are grouped according to age level.
D)items are grouped according to age level and content.

Question 32

Which scale used the now offensive and unacceptable terms idiot, imbecile, and moron?

A)the 1905 Binet-Simon Scale
B)the 1908 Binet-Simon Scale
C)the 1911 Binet-Simon Scale
D)the 1916 Stanford-Binet Scale

Question 33

A persistent criticism of the 1908 Binet-Simon scale was the

A)lack of a control group.
B)emphasis on language and verbal abilities.
C)lack of an age scale.
D)use of outmoded terms.

Question 34

The 30 items in the Binet-Simon scale were arranged

A)according to type of task.
B)randomly to avoid ordering effects.
C)according to underlying ability tapped.
D)in an increasing order of difficulty.

Question 35

The notion of g was advanced by

A)Spearman.
B)Galton.
C)Thurstone.
D)Simon.

Question 36

Which of the following problems of test construction did Binet adequately address in his 1905 scale?

A)identification of what should be measured
B)standardizing using a large, representative sample
C)elimination of cultural bias
D)development of quantitative analytic methods

Question 37

The concepts of fluid and crystallized intelligence are part of which theory?

A)psychometric g
B)general intelligence
C)gf-gc
D)positive manifold

Question 38

When sets of diverse ability tests are administered to large, unbiased samples, almost all the correlations are positive. This is a phenomenon known as ____.

A)the positive correlation effect.
B)positive manifold.
C)positive factor structure.
D)factor analysis.

Question 39

The 1908 Binet-Simon Scale

A)abandoned the principle of age differentiation.
B)used the age scale format.
C)relied largely on nonverbal tests of intelligence.
D)introduced the concept of gf-gc .

Question 40

The 1916 Stanford-Binet was developed under the direction of

A)T. Simon.
B)F. Kuhlman.
C)R. M. Yerkes.
D)L. M. Terman.

Question 41

One problem with the standardization sample in the 1937 version of the Stanford-Binet scale was that

A)there were only Californians in the sample.
B)the sample was too small.
C)the sample only included whites.
D)rural residents were over-represented.

Question 42

Which type of intelligence reflects learning the overlay of experience on original potential?

A)short-term intelligence
B)long-term intelligence
C)crystallized intelligence
D)fluid intelligence

Question 43

What important concept was included in the 1960 Stanford-Binet Revision?

A)norms
B)factor analysis
C)deviation IQ
D)standardized administration

Question 44

The IQ concept was introduced

A)in the 1908 Binet-Simon Scale.
B)in the 1911 Binet-Simon Scale.
C)in the 1916 Stanford-Binet Scale.
D)in the 1937 Stanford-Binet Scale.

Question 45

Why did the 1916 Stanford-Binet set an upper age limit?

A)Intelligence testing is needed only for school-age groups, not for adults.
B)The IQs of all persons above the maximum possible mental age would have been less than 100.
C)It was developed during World War I when men in their teens and twenties were being drafted.
D)Acceptable reliability and validity could not be established for individuals older than 16.

Question 46

The deviation IQ became necessary because

A)standard deviations for IQ's were the same across age groups.
B)IQ's at one age level did not compare to IQ's at another age level in terms of percentiles.
C)the IQ was difficult to calculate.
D)the IQ was a cumbersome concept.

Question 47

As used in the Stanford-Binet Scale, the deviation IQ is a standard score with a

A)mean of 100 and standard deviation of 10.
B)mean of 100 and standard deviation of 15.
C)mean of 100 and standard deviation of 16.
D)mean of 50 and standard deviation of 8.

Question 48

Which of the following is NOT a major content area of the 1986 Stanford-Binet?

A)verbal reasoning
B)visual-motor accuracy
C)short-term memory
D)abstract reasoning

Question 49

Which of the following was a significant improvement of the 1937 Stanford-Binet?

A)The upper age limit was eliminated.
B)It equalized reliability across age groups.
C)Items suitable for infants younger than 2 years of age were added.
D)Performance items were added to reduce reliance on verbal skills.

Question 50

Which of the following was  included in the 1916 Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale?

A)separate scales based on race and sex
B)general mental ability
C)standardization using a geographically diverse population
D)representative sampling

Question 51

Among the improvements of the 1937 Stanford-Binet Scale was the

A)introduction of the IQ concept.
B)introduction of the deviation IQ concept.
C)inclusion of an alternate equivalent form.
D)elimination of the IQ concept.

Question 52

Poorest reliabilities of the 1937 Stanford-Binet Scale occurred for

A)older children at low IQ levels.
B)older children at high IQ levels.
C)young children at low IQ levels.
D)young children at high IQ levels.

Question 53

In which version of the Binet scale was an alternate, equivalent form first introduced?

A)the 1908 Stanford-Binet Scale
B)the 1916 Stanford-Binet Scale
C)the 1937 Stanford-Binet Scale
D)the 1960 Stanford-Binet Scale

Question 54

If a 10-year-old child has a mental age of 12, what would her IQ be?

A)83
B)100
C)120
D)140

Question 55

The standardization sample of Terman's 1916 Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale

A)consisted exclusively of native born children from California.
B)consisted exclusively of native born children from the United States.
C)included foreign born children of Northern European descent.
D)included only a token number of black children.

Question 56

The first version of the Stanford-Binet to include non-whites in the standardization sample was the

A)1937 scale.
B)1960 scale.
C)1972 scale.
D)1986 scale.

Question 57

Intelligence Quotient (IQ)is determined by the formula

A)MA = IQ/CA X 100.
B)IQ = MA/CA X 100.
C)IQ = CA/MA X 100.
D)IQ = MA/CA.

Question 58

Which version of the Stanford-Binet scale was the first one to utilize a large, geographically diverse standardization sample?

A)1905
B)1908
C)1916
D)1937

Question 59

The 1937 Stanford-Binet scale was more reliable for ____ than for ____ individuals.

A)younger; older
B)older; younger
C)urban; rural
D)rural; urban

Question 60

What was the most significant psychometric problem of the 1937 Stanford-Binet Scale?

A)differential variability of IQ scores as a function of age
B)narrower age range
C)more problematic scoring standards and instructions
D)poor predictive validity

Question 61

In the 2003 fifth edition of the Binet Scale, the verbal and nonverbal scales are

A)equally weighted.
B)unequally weighted.
C)age restricted.
D)​

Question 62

The two alternate equivalent forms of the 1937 Stanford-Binet were forms

A)S & B.
B)L & M.
C)B & S.
D)B & T.

Question 63

Which of the following approaches to studying human intelligence focuses on how humans adapt to real world demands?

A)psychometric
B)information-processing
C)cognitive
D)none of the above

Question 64

Binet freed himself from the burden of specifying each component of intelligence by introducing the concept of

A)crystallized intelligence.
B)fluid intelligence.
C)mental age.
D)general mental ability.

Question 65

In the current (2003)version of the Binet scale, the level at which a minimum criterion number of correct responses is obtained is known as the ____.

A)criterion
B)basal
C)ceiling
D)floor

Question 66

What is the purpose of routing tests?

A)They measure an individual's visuospatial skills.
B)They prevent administration of items that are too easy.
C)They help establish interrelations among components of intelligence.
D)They improve reliability and validity.

Question 67

Which of the following scenarios describes a child with the mental age of 10?

A)A 7-year-old prefers the company of a 10-year-old to someone her own age.
B)A 10-year-old performs a task at the proficiency level of the average 7-year-old.
C)A 10-year old prefers the company of a 7-year-old to someone her own age.
D)A 7-year-old performs a task at the proficiency level of the average 10-year-old.

Question 68

How many factors are present in the Fifth Edition of the Binet scale?

A)two
B)three
C)four
D)five

Question 69

How did Thurstone's conceptualization of intelligence differ from Spearman's?

A)Thurstone argued for a single, global intelligence rather than a multidimensional model.
B)Thurstone believed that intelligence was almost exclusively nonverbal.
C)Thurstone believed the components of intelligence were largely independent, whereas Spearman believed in a single process.
D)Thurstone believed intelligence was best measured by physiologic processes.

Question 70

Which was the first version of the Stanford-Binet scale to group items according to age level?

A)1908
B)1916
C)1937
D)1960

Question 71

The 1986 Binet eliminated

A)the age scale format.
B)the concept of age differentiation.
C)the evaluation of general mental ability.
D)adaptive testing.

Question 72

Binet judged the value of any particular task in terms of its correlation with

A)other items within the same age category.
B)other items within the same age category.
C)the total scale score.
D)the Wechsler scales.

Question 73

Evidence for the validity of the Fifth Edition of the Binet scale does NOT include ____ validity.

A)predictive
B)criterion
C)content
D)construct

Question 74

The abilities that allow us to reason, think, and acquire new knowledge are referred to as what type of intelligence?

A)general
B)fluid
C)crystallized
D)principle

Question 75

Binet's approach to intelligence testing is based primarily on which approach to studying human intelligence?

A)psychometric
B)information-processing
C)cognitive
D)none of the above

Question 76

Discuss the three-level hierarchical model of the modern Binet and compare it to Spearman's concept of general mental ability.

Question 77

Compare and contrast crystallized intelligence and fluid intelligence, giving examples of each.

Question 78

Which of the following was NOT one of the facilities through which Binet believed intelligence was expressed?

A)reasoning
B)creative
C)judgmental
D)attentional

Question 79

Which revision of the Stanford-Binet scale was the first to seriously address the underrepresentation of skills such as visual and motor functioning?

A)1916
B)1937
C)1960
D)1986

Question 80

In the current (2003)version of the Binet scale, testing proceeds until an examinee has a particular number of incorrect responses. This point is called the ____.

A)criterion
B)basal
C)ceiling
D)floor