Deck 13: Applications in Clinical and Counseling Settings

Question 1

The first personality inventory was called the

A)Bell Adjustment Inventory.
B)Woodworth Personal Data Sheet.
C)Bernreuter Personality Inventory.
D)Mooney Problem Checklist.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

The two empirical strategies of test construction are the

A)rational and logical-content.
B)multivariate and external.
C)criterion keying and theoretical.
D)criterion group and factor analytic.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Personality is defined as an individual's patterns of behavior that

A)change over time and characterize a person's reactions to the environment.
B)indicate relatively enduring tendencies to act, think or feel in a certain manner.
C)are relatively stable and enduring and characterize a person's reactions to the environment.
D)indicate emotional states that vary from one situation to another.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

An example of an early multidimensional logical-content scale is the

A)Bell Adjustment Inventory.
B)Woodworth Personal Data Sheet.
C)EPPS.
D)CPI.

Question 5

Which strategy makes extensive use of cross-validation?

A)logical-content
B)intuitive
C)criterion-group
D)factor analytic

Question 6

Which approach relies on reasoning and deductive logic?

A)logical-content strategy
B)theoretical strategy
C)criterion strategy
D)factor analytic strategy

Question 7

The theoretical approach to test construction is a(n)

A)deductive strategy.
B)empirical strategy.
C)factor analytic strategy.
D)external strategy.

Question 8

The two deductive strategies of test construction are the

A)logical-content and rational.
B)logical-content and empirical.
C)logical-content and theoretical.
D)empirical and rational.

Question 9

The principal distinguishing characteristic of the logical-content strategy is that it assumes that the

A)factor analytic technique will be used to group items appropriately.
B)test taker is biased when giving responses to test items.
C)test item describes a subject's personality and behavior.
D)meaning of a test item can only be determined by empirical research.

Question 10

Which approach examines common variance?

A)logical-content strategy
B)theoretical strategy
C)criterion strategy
D)factor analytic strategy

Question 11

Which strategy is likely to use item analysis in order to create a homogeneous scale?

A)empirical
B)logical-content
C)intuitive
D)theoretical

Question 12

An organized and relatively consistent set of assumptions that a person has about himself/herself is called a(n)

A)personality.
B)personality trait.
C)self-concept.
D)personality type.

Question 13

The criterion group strategy is also called the

A)empirical strategy.
B)rational approach.
C)factor analytic.
D)content approach.

Question 14

All of his life, whenever Thomas met new groups of people he felt timid and shy and tended to retreat to the edge of the crowd until he was better acquainted. Thomas' behavior is best described as a personality ____.

A)trait
B)type
C)state
D)definition

Question 15

The Mooney Problem Checklist relies on which approach to test construction?

A)logical content
B)theoretical
C)criterion group
D)factor analytic

Question 16

The theoretical strategy attempts to produce scales that are

A)homogeneous.
B)heterogeneous.
C)multivariate.
D)hypothetical.

Question 17

Which strategy relies on reason and logic as opposed to data collection and statistical analysis?

A)deductive
B)external
C)contrasted
D)empirical

Question 18

Mrs. Bauer is normally a very happy person, but she recently learned her son had a chronic illness and has been somewhat gloomy and pessimistic. This behavior is typical of a personality ____.

A)trait
B)type
C)state
D)concept

Question 19

What test was, in effect, a paper-pencil psychiatric interview?

A)MMPI
B)Woodworth Personal Data Sheet
C)EPPS
D)CPI

Question 20

At the broadest level, strategies for the development of personality tests can be divided into what two types?

A)logical content and theory
B)factor analytic and criterion group
C)deductive and empirical
D)external and empirical

Question 21

How many content scales does the MMPI-2 contain?

A)3
B)8
C)10
D)15

Question 22

One problem with the original MMPI was that the control group consisted of

A)highly educated professionals.
B)relatives and visitors of hospitalized mental patients.
C)patients with severe psychopathology.
D)men only.

Question 23

The MMPI and MMPI-2 are

A)true-false tests.
B)multiple choice tests.
C)subjective tests.
D)fill-in-the-blanks tests.

Question 24

One problem that was not addressed in the MMPI-2 was

A)sexist language.
B)item overlap.
C)outdated language.
D)an adequate control group.

Question 25

In Welsh's coding system, the symbol  indicates a T score

A)below 29.
B)between 60 and 69.
C)between 80 and 89.
D)equal to or greater than 90.

Question 26

With the new MMPI-2 norms, T scores are considered significant if they are

A)65 or higher.
B)70 or higher.
C)75 or higher.
D)100 or higher.

Question 27

Which strategy does the Mooney Problem Checklist use?

A)logical-content strategy
B)theoretical strategy
C)criterion-group strategy
D)factor analytic strategy

Question 28

How many validity and clinical scales were in the original MMPI, respectively?

A)3; 10
B)5; 10
C)5; 16
D)10; 10

Question 29

The MMPI-2

A)reduced the number of items compared to MMPI.
B)has more items that are sexist than the MMPI.
C)has not yet been standardized.
D)​

Question 30

Factor analysis suggests that most of the variance in the CPI can be accounted for by only two factors related to

A)internal control and interpersonal effectiveness scales.
B)internal control and achievement potential
C)interpersonal effectiveness and interest modes
D)interest modes and achievement potential

Question 31

The purpose of the MMPI and MMPI-2 is to

A)assist in distinguishing normal from abnormal groups.
B)evaluate normal personality.
C)evaluate job satisfaction.
D)evaluate vocational aptitude.

Question 32

Which MMPI scale was designed to detect individuals with psychopathology who produce "normal" MMPI patterns because of defensiveness?

A)L scale
B)K scale
C)F scale
D)0 scale

Question 33

Raw scores on the MMPI are converted to standardized scores called

A)Z  scores.
B)V  scores.
C)T  scores.
D)K  scores.

Question 34

The FB scale of the MMPI-2 measures

A)random responding.
B)family problems.
C)health concerns.
D)cooperation throughout the test.

Question 35

Logical-content approaches to personality test construction are not used extensively anymore because

A)such tests did not meet the need for which they were designed.
B)responses were too ambiguous.
C)of its reliance on the logic of face validity.
D)the approach is too time consuming.

Question 36

Which of the following scales is related to faking good (falsely presenting yourself in a favorable way)on the MMPI?

A)L
B)F
C)Pd
D)Si

Question 37

The reading ability required for the MMPI-2 is at least

A)5th grade.
B)8th grade.
C)6th grade.
D)12th grade.

Question 38

The approach used in construction of the MMPI is referred to as

A)criterion-group strategy.
B)empirical strategy.
C)criterion-keyed method.
D)content approach.

Question 39

Which of the following occurred as a result of Meehl's studies of individuals, which consisted of the same two scales that were elevated?

A)Clinical scales were shown to be appropriately and correctly named.
B)New criterion groups were created based on similarities in their MMPI profiles.
C)Clinical groups were identified on the basis of patterns of MMPI scores.
D)Psychiatric diagnosis became even more important to the definition of criterion groups.

Question 40

The CPI utilizes which approach to test construction?

A)logical-content strategy
B)theoretical strategy
C)criterion-group strategy
D)factor analytic

Question 41

What does the TRIN scale of the MMPI-2 measure?

A)acquiescence
B)deliberate manipulation
C)lying
D)malingering

Question 42

Which of the following tests has a forced-choice format?

A)EPPS
B)16PF
C)CPI
D)MMPI

Question 43

Guilford-Zimmerman Temperament Survey utilizes which strategy?

A)logical-content strategy
B)theoretical strategy
C)criterion-group strategy
D)factor analytic

Question 44

The Personality Research Form utilizes which approach to test construction?

A)logical-content strategy
B)theoretical strategy
C)criterion-group strategy
D)factor analytic

Question 45

What strategy did R. B. Cattell use in developing the l6PF?

A)logical-content strategy
B)theoretical strategy
C)criterion-group strategy
D)factor analytic

Question 46

The Edwards Personal Preference Schedule utilizes which approach to test construction?

A)logical-content strategy
B)theoretical strategy
C)criterion-group strategy
D)factor analytic

Question 47

Which test has been extended downwards to apply to children and adolescents?

A)MMPI
B)CPI
C)16PF
D)EPPS

Question 48

The PRF-III and JPI-R differ from the EPPS because they

A)developed specific definitions of Murray's needs.
B)they have lower levels of validity.
C)they lack "fake" scales.
D)they are based on Maslow's work rather than Murray's.

Question 49

What does the California Psychological Inventory best measure?

A)normal individuals
B)personality disorders
C)mild to moderate clinical disorders
D)severe clinical disorders

Question 50

What does the VRIN scale of the MMPI-2 measure?

A)variable responding
B)valid responding
C)vanity responding
D)value-based responding

Question 51

Which test presents scores in relative terms rather than as absolute totals?

A)CPI
B)16PF
C)Personality Research Form
D)EPPS

Question 52

Why did the MMPI-2 number the clinical scales rather than retain the scale names that specified clinical conditions such as paranoia and depression?

A)Scales of the MMPI-2 no longer correspond directly to specific diagnoses.
B)Elevations on a particular scale do not necessarily mean the individual has a particular diagnosis.
C)The names of the scales made it easier for people to fake and indicate they had the condition when they did not.
D)Use of numbers made it easier to perform statistical analyses such as regression.

Question 53

What did the MMPI-2 Restructured Clinical Scales (2003)add?

A)contemporary norms
B)computer scoring
C)incorporation of items scored on scales rather than just true-false items
D)nearly complete re-scaling

Question 54

The restandardization of the MMPI has eliminated the most serious drawback of the original version,

A)an inadequate control group.
B)lack of validity documentation.
C)poor reliability.
D)inter-item correlations.

Question 55

Which test contains no item overlap and balanced keying among the various alternative responses?

A)MMPI
B)CPI
C)16PF
D)MMPI-2

Question 56

The final restandardization group for the MMPI-2

A)was representative of the 1980 United States Census population.
B)was recruited from the United States and Canada.
C)included clinical populations and their family members who did not have psychiatric diagnoses.
D)was more educated and had greater financial resources than the population as a whole.

Question 57

The major source of validity for the MMPI and MMPI-2

A)comes from criterion-validity studies.
B)comes from content-validity studies.
C)comes from studies that describe the characteristics of particular profile patterns.
D)comes from newly developed techniques of meta analysis.

Question 58

J. P. Guilford was a pioneer in the

A)logical-content strategy.
B)contrasted groups strategy.
C)factor analytic strategy.
D)theoretical strategy.

Question 59

Which test has been extended downwards to apply to children and adolescents?

A)It lacks standardized statistical methods.
B)It uses subjective factor names.
C)It requires annual revisions.
D)It can be used with clinical but not "normal" populations.

Question 60

Which test is based on Murray's (1938)Theory of Needs?

A)EPPS
B)16PF
C)MMPI
D)CPI

Question 61

According to a study by Saccuzzo, Kewley, Johnson, and colleagues (2003),

A)the various measures of positive affect are completely independent.
B)various measures of positive affect are best conceptualized as a single construct.
C)a large number of items is required to reliably and validly measure positive affect.
D)each measure of positive affect has a high level of unique variance.

Question 62

LOT-R is designed to measure

A)openness to experience.
B)agreeableness.
C)satisfaction with life.
D)dispositional optimism.

Question 63

The NEO-PI-R was developed using

A)factor analysis and theory.
B)deductive approaches.
C)theory and external approaches.
D)empirical strategies.

Question 64

The Neo-PI-R scale measures which of the following dimensions?

A)extraversion, neuroticism, conscientiousness, agreeableness, and openness to experience
B)self-esteem, self-control, openness to experience, positive trait, and hope
C)ego, self-efficacy, resilience, and hope
D)disposition, extraversion, neuroticism, psychosis, and agreeableness

Question 65

How were the questions for the NEO-PI-R developed?

A)Items were taken directly from the MMPI.
B)"Normal" individuals were asked to list personality traits.
C)They were balanced for positive and negative wording.
D)They selected traits from a dictionary.

Question 66

Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS)measures positive affect (PA)and negative affect (NA)by

A)10 positive and 10 negative adjectives.
B)a short interview.
C)10 items developed to assess individual differences in generalized optimism and pessimism.
D)100 positive and 100 negative items.

Question 67

Carl Rogers had people sort sets of cards into groups that described the real self and the ideal self. This method is called

A)self-efficacy.
B)rational approach.
C)Q-sort technique.
D)self-report.

Question 68

In the criterion-group strategy, the actual content or face validity

A)is tested through factor analytic techniques.
B)is critical to test construction.
C)is only taken into account for the criterion group.
D)is of little importance.

Question 69

Tests of mental ability were originally created to distinguish

A)those with average mental abilities from those who are mentally gifted.
B)mental abilities between different demographic subgroups of people.
C)those who would perform well in school from those who would perform poorly.
D)those with subnormal mental abilities from those with normal mental abilities.

Question 70

Ada tends to be an outgoing person with high social interest and involvement in activities. This is an example of a

A)personality trait.
B)personality type.
C)personality state.
D)self-concept.

Question 71

The tendency to respond "true" on true-false items is referred to as

A)acquiescence.
B)truth bias.
C)self-assurance.
D)malingering.

Question 72

The criterion groups used to develop the original MMPI consisted of

A)university students.
B)a normally distributed sample of the population.
C)psychiatric inpatients.
D)soldiers in WWI.

Question 73

The Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale was created for ____ populations.

A)abnormal
B)childhood
C)adult
D)criminal

Question 74

Which strategy uses reason and deductive logic to inform measurement development?

A)criterion-group
B)factor-analytic
C)logical-content
D)empirical

Question 75

Which scale reflects the idea of personality as a single construct?

A)The NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R)
B)Core Self-Evaluations
C)Jackson Personality Inventory
D)MMPI

Question 76

Which approach relies on experimental research to determine the meaning of a test response?

A)theoretical
B)empirical
C)factor analytic
D)logical-content

Question 77

Which test conceptualizes life satisfaction as a cognitive-judgmental process?

A)SWLS
B)LOT-R
C)DRS
D)CPI

Question 78

According to the LOT-R, an individual's tendency to view the world and the future in positive ways is called

A)openness to experience.
B)agreeableness.
C)satisfaction with life.
D)dispositional optimism.

Question 79

Which of the following questions most closely reflects the typical structure of items on the MMPI?

A)"I like to go out."
B)"Do you like to go out?"
C)"Is going out a fun thing to do?"
D)"Going out is fun."

Question 80

Research on the General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSE)indicates

A)that the underlying construct is culturally specific.
B)a negative correlation with work satisfaction.
C)a positive correlation with depression.
D)that self-efficacy is a global construct.