Deck 11: Adolescence: Physical and Cognitive Development

Question 1

Late-maturing boys are more poised, relaxed, and good-natured than early-maturing boys.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Anorexia nervosa is an eating disorder characterized by recurrent cycles of binge eating and purging.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

During the adolescent growth spurt, girls develop relatively broader hips compared with their shoulders, whereas the opposite is true for boys.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Puberty is a stage of development characterized by reaching sexual maturity and the ability to reproduce.

Question 5

Most American adolescents are healthy.

Question 6

Substance abuse is the leading cause of death in the United States for adolescents.

Question 7

Death rates are low in adolescence, but they are nearly twice as great for female adolescents as male adolescents.

Question 8

Legs reach their peak growth after the shoulders and chest.

Question 9

Bulimia nervosa is connected with irregular menstrual cycles.

Question 10

Firearms account for 50% of adolescent suicides in the United States.

Question 11

The transition to the new school setting is often accompanied by a decline in grades and participation in school activities.

Question 12

Abstinence syndrome is a characteristic cluster of symptoms that results from a sudden decrease in the level of usage of a substance.

Question 13

In middle childhood, conventional thought tends to emerge, and children usually begin to judge right and wrong in terms of social conventions, rules, and laws.

Question 14

The primary sex characteristics are the structures that make reproduction possible.

Question 15

Testosterone typically brakes the male growth spurt some years before estrogen brakes that of females.

Question 16

Visual-spatial ability refers to the ability to visualize objects or shapes and to mentally manipulate and rotate them.

Question 17

The personal fable is connected with behaviors such as being reserved and avoiding risks.

Question 18

According to research, boys in the United States are more likely than girls to have reading problems.

Question 19

Menarche comes later to girls who have a lower percentage of body fat, such as those with eating disorders or athletes.

Question 20

In the postconventional level, moral reasoning is based on the person's own moral standards.

Question 21

Which of the following statements is true of gynecomastia?

A) It prevents the long bones from making further gains in length.
B) It is commonly experienced by adolescent girls.
C) It usually progresses over time and is present throughout the lifetime of an individual.
D) It stems from the small amount of female sex hormones secreted by the testes.

Question 22

In the context of puberty, which of the following statements is true of the gonads?

A) They stimulate the testes to increase their output of testosterone, leading to the development of genitals.
B) They trigger abnormalities in the endocrine system.
C) They stimulate the hypothalamus, perpetuating the feedback loop.
D) They respond to pituitary hormones by increasing their production of sex hormones.

Question 23

Students from low-income households and large urban areas are at greater risk of dropping out of school.

Question 24

The structures that make reproduction possible are referred to as ______.

A) personal fables.
B) primary sex characteristics.
C) secondary sex characteristics.
D) epiphyseal closures.

Question 25

Which of the following stages of development is characterized by reaching sexual maturity and the ability to reproduce?

A) Latency
B) Puberty
C) Formal operations
D) Concrete operations

Question 26

Which of the following statements is true regarding adolescent changes?

A) Boys start to spurt in height sooner than girls.
B) Most adolescents acquire a plump and rounded body structure during adolescence.
C) Boys gain twice as much fatty tissue as girls.
D) Many adolescents are relatively slender compared with their preadolescent stature.

Question 27

Physical indicators of sexual maturation that are not directly involved in reproduction are known as _____.

A) primary sex characteristics
B) secondary sex characteristics
C) tertiary sex characteristics
D) quaternary sex characteristics

Question 28

Which of the following is a difference between primary sex characteristics and secondary sex characteristics?

A) The primary sex characteristics are physical indicators of sexual maturation, while the secondary sex characteristics trigger the development of sex hormones.
B) The primary sex characteristics are structures that make reproduction possible, while the secondary sex characteristics are not directly involved in reproduction.
C) The primary sex characteristics include breast development, while the secondary sex characteristics include the ovaries and testes.
D) The primary sex characteristics respond to pituitary hormones, while the secondary sex characteristics do not respond to pituitary hormones.

Question 29

The transition from elementary school appears to be more difficult for boys than girls.

Question 30

Which of the following statements is true of sex hormones?

A) They stimulate the hypothalamus, perpetuating the feedback loop in puberty.
B) They respond to pituitary hormones by increasing their production of alleles.
C) They control the production of antibodies by the immune system.
D) They signal the pituitary gland, which, in turn, constrains hormones.

Question 31

In girls, the pituitary gland ______.

A) enables growth spurts in height and weight.
B) stimulates the pituitary gland to increase testosterone production.
C) signals the ovaries to boost estrogen production at puberty.
D) prevents the long bones from making further gains in length.

Question 32

The growth of which of the following structures is responsible for the deepening of the voice among adolescent boys?

A) larynx
B) lungs
C) esophagus
D) trachea

Question 33

Which of the following is a sex hormone?

A) Androgen
B) Insulin
C) Renin
D) Secretin

Question 34

Which of the following is true of the adolescent growth spurt?

A) Adolescents tend to eat enormous quantities of food to fuel their growth spurts.
B) Boys start to spurt in height sooner than girls, at an average age of a little more than ten.
C) Girls gain twice as much muscle tissue as boys while going through growth spurts.
D) Adolescents begin to spurt in height about half a year after they begin to spurt in weight.

Question 35

Which of the following is the first noticeable sign of puberty in boys?

A) Development of pubic hair
B) Development of acne
C) Deepening of the voice
D) Accelerated growth of the testes

Question 36

Which of the following triggers the development of acne?

A) Progesterone
B) Estrogen
C) Testosterone
D) Serotonin

Question 37

Disadvantaged adolescent female African Americans are more likely to graduate from high school and avoid coercive romantic relationships.

Question 38

Puberty most often coincides with which developmental period?

A) adolescence
B) young adulthood
C) infirmity
D) childhood

Question 39

The process known as epiphyseal closure is most directly responsible for _______.

A) nocturnal emissions
B) growth cessation
C) osteoporosis
D) testicular enlargement

Question 40

In the context of puberty, which of the following statements is true of the pituitary gland?

A) It causes the testes to decrease their output of testosterone.
B) It releases hormones that control physical growth and the gonads.
C) It stimulates the hypothalamus, perpetuating the feedback loop.
D) It prevents the long bones from making further gains in length.

Question 41

Which of the following statements is true of alcohol?

A) It increases inhibitions.
B) It improves concentration.
C) It improves coordination.
D) It distorts perceptions.

Question 42

Victor, a boy in high school, has matured earlier than his other male friends. He plays on many of the sports teams with his seniors. In this scenario, Victor is _______.

A) more likely to be dependent and insecure.
B) more likely to be bullied and dominated.
C) less likely to be aggressive and involved in delinquent behavior.
D) more likely to be poised, relaxed, and good-natured.

Question 43

Osteoporosis is a condition involving ______.

A) the beginning of menstruation
B) the end of menstruation
C) reduction in the size of a woman's breasts
D) progressive loss of bone tissue

Question 44

Bulimia nervosa, like anorexia nervosa, _____.

A) is connected with irregular menstrual cycles
B) involves following a good diet to maintain a healthful weight
C) afflicts males more than females during adolescence
D) is related to severe weight gain

Question 45

In adolescent girls, the vaginal lining varies in thickness according to the amount of _____.

A) testosterone
B) estrogen
C) oxytocin
D) somatostatin

Question 46

Which of the following brakes the female growth spurt during adolescence?

A) Testosterone
B) Menarche
C) Estrogen
D) Oxytocin

Question 47

Which of the following is a stimulant?

A) Alcohol
B) Heroin
C) Amphetamine
D) Barbiturate

Question 48

Which of the following statements is true of estrogen?

A) It promotes the growth of the fatty and supporting tissue in the hips and buttocks.
B) It accelerates the female growth spurt some years after testosterone accelerates that of males.
C) It prevents the long bones from making further gains in length in females.
D) It brings about the cessation of menarche in women.

Question 49

Nicotine, cocaine, and amphetamines are the most common _____.

A) carcinogens
B) stimulants
C) mutants
D) teratogens

Question 50

A persistent pattern of drug use characterized by frequent intoxication; impairment of physical, social, or emotional well-being; and possible physical addiction is called ______.

A) a substance use disorder
B) the female athlete triad
C) tolerance
D) withdrawal

Question 51

Which of the following is a depressant?

A) Barbiturate
B) Marijuana
C) Cocaine
D) Amphetamine

Question 52

Which of the following is a characteristic of anorexia nervosa?

A) Binge eating
B) A distorted body image
C) An increase in bone density
D) A dramatic weight gain

Question 53

The female athlete triad describes women who have ______.

A) low availability of energy
B) highly developed reflexes
C) high availability of energy
D) poor spatial awareness

Question 54

Which of the following statements is true of menarche among adolescent girls?

A) Girls usually begin to ovulate five to six months after menarche.
B) Body height of adolescent girls plays a crucial role in the onset of menarche.
C) The onset of menarche can be determined by average height.
D) Menarche comes later to girls who have a lower percentage of body fat.

Question 55

Which of the following is a difference between early-maturing girls and girls who mature later on?

A) Early-maturing girls are at lower risk for psychological problems than girls who mature later on.
B) Early-maturing girls find that shorter boys are less reluctant to approach them than girls who mature later on.
C) Early-maturing girls are at greater risk for substance abuse than girls who mature later on.
D) Early-maturing girls obtain higher grades in school than girls who mature later on.

Question 56

In comparison with their late-maturing peers, early-maturing boys are ______.

A) likely to be more dependent and insecure.
B) more likely to bullied and dominated.
C) less aggressive and less delinquent.
D) more poised, relaxed, and good-natured.

Question 57

Unlike early-maturing boys, late-maturing boys are ______.

A) less likely to get involved in substance abuse than early-maturing boys.
B) more dependent and insecure than early-maturing boys.
C) more aggressive and delinquent than early-maturing boys.
D) more poised, relaxed, and good-natured than early-maturing boys.

Question 58

Calcium intake is particularly important for females to ______.

A) avoid early puberty.
B) avoid abnormalities in the endocrine system.
C) prevent early menopause.
D) prevent osteoporosis later in life.

Question 59

Which of the following statements is true of nutrition during adolescent years?

A) Most teenagers do not consume enough fat.
B) Most teenagers do not consume enough sodium.
C) Most teenagers do not consume enough calcium.
D) Most teenagers do not consume enough sugar.

Question 60

Which of the following is an eating disorder characterized by recurrent cycles of binge eating and purging?

A) Gynecomastia
B) Osteoporosis
C) Bulimia nervosa
D) Anorexia nervosa

Question 61

In the context of gender differences in cognitive ability, which of the following improves visual-spatial performance?

A) Solving complex mathematics problems
B) Engaging in word games during leisure
C) Playing with toys such as blocks, Legos, and Erector sets
D) Actively participating in community-supporting events

Question 62

Which of the following is a hallucinogenic drug?

A) Codeine
B) Barbiturate
C) Marijuana
D) Amphetamine

Question 63

Olivia is attending a birthday party with her friends. She is wearing a new dress that she recently bought from a boutique. She is quite self-conscious about how she's looking in the dress and is assuming that her friends are also scrutinizing her outfit. This scenario illustrates the concept of _____.

A) learned helplessness
B) imaginary audience
C) personal fable
D) social cognition

Question 64

Jared received a sport-utility vehicle as a present from his dad for his seventeenth birthday. As a result, he has become quite popular among his schoolmates. He often brags about his new car and takes his friends on long rides, usually driving over the speed limit. He believes that driving at high speeds is a thrilling experience. He considers himself too smart to be caught by cops for violating the traffic rules. This scenario illustrates the concept of _____.

A) anorexia nervosa
B) learned helplessness
C) personal fable
D) bulimia nervosa

Question 65

Which of the following best describes the personal fable?

A) It is the belief that moral judgments are derived from moral principles and people should look to themselves to set moral standards
B) It is the belief that a person's feelings and ideas are special and unique and that he or she is invulnerable
C) It is the belief in magic, mythical creatures, and the supernatural during adolescence
D) It is the belief that others around a person are as concerned with his or her thoughts and behaviors as he or she is

Question 66

In the context of adolescent egocentrism, which of the following is true of the concept of the imaginary audience?

A) It involves the belief that one's thoughts are unique and special.
B) It involves risky behavior where adolescents form online relationships with strangers.
C) It involves the assumption that other people are concerned with one's appearance more so than they really are.
D) It involves an intense desire to be in the public eye and a disregard for personal appearance.

Question 67

Amanda is at the prom with her friends. She is dressed in a beautiful dress and perfect accessories. In spite of that, she feels awkward and self-conscious. She thinks each person in the hall is watching and judging her appearance critically. Amanda's example illustrates the concept of _____.

A) learned helplessness
B) imaginary audience
C) personal fable
D) social cognition

Question 68

Children in early childhood tend to view right and wrong in terms of rewards and punishments. Lawrence Kohlberg referred to such judgments as _____.

A) postconventional
B) conventional
C) preconventional
D) transcendental

Question 69

Visual-spatial ability refers to the ability to .

A) compare and contrast objects that are held in one's hands
B) remain focused on an object in the distance
C) coordinate the movements of one's limbs
D) mentally manipulate and rotate shapes or objects

Question 70

Which of the following statements is true of marijuana?

A) It helps users relax and elevates their mood.
B) It enhances short-term memory of users.
C) It helps users in better perceptual-motor coordination.
D) It decreases sensory awareness of users.

Question 71

The top level in Jean Piaget's cognitive-developmental theory is the stage of _____.

A) social cognition
B) focal cognition
C) post-concrete operations
D) formal operations

Question 72

Which of the following is an example of the personal fable?

A) Darren, a 15-year-old, is a chain smoker and feels invulnerable to the harmful effects of nicotine.
B) Jack, a 14-year-old, believes in magic, mythical creatures, and the supernatural.
C) Renato, a 14-year-old, is worried that he will die because he smoked a pack of cigarette.
D) Oscar, a 13-year-old, believes that others are constantly watching and paying attention to him.

Question 73

Which of the following statements is true of cocaine?

A) It dilates the arteries of the heart.
B) It spikes the blood pressure.
C) It decreases the heart rate.
D) It thins the blood.

Question 74

Which of the following examples illustrates a personal fable?

A) Lena believes that a magical world of fairies and pixies exists and daydreams about it during classes.
B) Rupal is experimenting with various dance forms. She is keen on becoming an expert in the one dance form that she enjoys best.
C) Monica is experimenting with the drugs available on campus. She thinks she can never get addicted to any of it because she is young and healthy.
D) Nora is scared that she will die of alcohol poisoning because she took a sip of beer with friends.

Question 75

Which of the following statements is true of gender differences in cognitive abilities?

A) Girls usually outperform boys on many types of visual-spatial tasks.
B) Historically, it has been believed that female adolescents generally outperform males in mathematics.
C) Girls in the United States are more likely than boys to have reading problems.
D) As a group, females surpass males in verbal ability throughout their lives.

Question 76

Ahmed is a social activist. He organized demonstrations and other forms of civil disobedience in California against fur dealers because he firmly believes that it is wrong to kill animals for their fur. According to Kohlberg, Ahmed is in which stage of postconventional level of moral development?

A) Stage 3
B) Stage 4
C) Stage 5
D) Stage 6

Question 77

In the context of moral development, in adolescence, many-not all-individuals ______.

A) become capable of formal-operational thinking.
B) judge right and wrong in terms of social conventions, rules, and laws.
C) tend to view right and wrong in terms of rewards and punishments.
D) tend to make preconventional judgments.

Question 78

According to Kohlberg, the postconventional level is a period during which moral judgments are derived from moral principles and people set moral standards according to ______.

A) themselves
B) their family
C) their friends
D) their society

Question 79

Which of the following statements is true about gender differences in cognitive abilities?

A) Boys begin to outperform girls on many types of visual-spatial tasks starting at age eight or nine.
B) Males acquire language faster than females and surpass them in verbal ability throughout their lives.
C) Historically, It has been believed that female adolescents generally outperform males in mathematics.
D) Girls in the United States are more likely than boys to have problems understanding abstract concepts.

Question 80

In middle childhood, conventional thought tends to emerge, and children usually begin to judge right and wrong in terms of ______.

A) rules and laws.
B) rewards and punishments.
C) ethical principles.
D) cognitive abilities.