Deck 20: Radiation Processes

Question 1

Ultraviolet treatment may improve such surface characteristics as resistance to ____.

A) stress cracking
B) chemicals
C) abrasion
D) weather

Answer 1

D

Question 2

When alpha particles strike other atoms, their double positive charge removes one or more electrons, leaving the atom or molecule in a dissociated or _____ state.

A) isotope
B) particle
C) electrostatic
D) ionized

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Today, radiation processing is most often done with electron machines or radioisotope sources such as ____. 

A) cobalt-60
B) uranium
C) plutonium
D) radium

Answer 3

A

Question 4

This diagram suggests which type of radiation penetrates most deeply? 

A) gamma rays
B) beta particles
C) alpha particles
D) electron particles

Question 5

What is the primary ionizing source used for radiation processing?

A) strontium-90
B) cesium-137
C) electron beam accelerators
D) burnt uranium slugs from fission reactor waste

Question 6

The process of scission does damage to plastics by ____.

A) breaking covalent bonds
B) disrupting ionic bonds
C) causing electron loss
D) ionization

Question 7

The unit of energy carried by a single photon is called a ____.

A) electron
B) radioisotope
C) quantum
D) alpha particle

Question 8

Which type of radiation is often used in thermoforming? 

A) electron
B) ultraviolet
C) infrared
D) electromagnetic

Question 9

Electrons ejected from the nuclei of atoms at a very high speed and energy are called ____.

A) isotopes
B) beta particles
C) alpha particles
D) ions

Question 10

Which uncharged particles may collide with atomic nuclei, resulting in alpha and gamma radiation?

A) protons
B) photons
C) neutrons
D) electron

Question 11

Short, very high-frequency electromagnetic waves with no electrical charge are ____.

A) gamma rays
B) beta particles
C) alpha particles
D) ions

Question 12

Which process, illustrated in this depiction, shows a process for creating polymers that may have very unique features? 

A) cross-linkage
B) depolymerization of plastics
C) graft polymerization
D) radicalization

Question 13

Materials that are ____, like uranium, radium, thorium, and actinium emit photons of energy and/or particles as the nuclei disintegrate and decrease in mass.

A) ionized
B) electrolytic
C) isotopic
D) radioactive

Question 14

When the number of neutrons in the nucleus of an atom changes, the mass of the element is different, forming a(n) ____ of the original element.

A) isotope
B) isomere
C) neutral form
D) new form

Question 15

Radiation is carried by a unit called a(n) ____, and is in either wave or particle form.   

A) atom
B) photon
C) molecule
D) proton

Question 16

When radiation causes long linear plastics to break into short segments, with the plastics losing strength as a result of this breaking, it produces symptoms such as ____. 

A) stress cracking
B) hardening
C) gasification
D) melting

Question 17

A commercially available radioisotope source that produces ionizing radiation is ____.   

A) cobalt-60
B) gamma radiation
C) cyclotrons
D) synchrotrons

Question 18

Heavy, slow-moving masses containing a double positive charge are called ____.

A) beta particles
B) alpha particles
C) quanta
D) radioisotopes

Question 19

What is an example of a plastics that benefits from controlled, limited irradiation, with the result of elevating the softening temperature above that of boiling water?

A) polypropylene
B) polyester
C) polyethylene
D) polystyrene

Question 20

Irradiation of some cellulosic textiles has aided in the development of ____ fabrics.

A) "dura-press"
B) acid resistant
C) resilient
D) high tensile strength

Question 21

What is a disadvantage of radiation processing?

A) danger to operator
B) slows production time
C) physical contact is needed
D) machine sources may be difficult to control