Deck 14: Bringing It All Together Practical Solutions for Community Based Corrections

Question 1

Currently all 50 states have record sealing statues, primarily to protect juveniles from lifelong discrimination due to one mistake committed as a child.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

A certificate of discharge or rehabilitation is a certificate furnished upon completion of proceedings that specifies the rights have been removed.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Casework strategies include assessing criminogenic problems, scoring risk and needs accurately, establishing long-range treatment goals, and assisting the client with meeting these goals.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Rehabilitation efforts are most effective when cognitive-behavioral methods are used for three to nine months.

Question 5

Many offenders recidivate when they feel overwhelmed by the sheer number of conditions and responsibilities they are faced with on probation.

Question 6

The single most common measure of crime desistance is recidivism rates.

Question 7

A conditional pardon becomes operative when the grantee has performed some specific act(s) or becomes void when some specific act(s) transpire(s).

Question 8

The theory of risk/need/responsivity is also known as the principles of correctional intervention.

Question 9

The ultimate goal of community corrections is crime desistance.

Question 10

The power to pardon within a state rests with the attorney general of each state.

Question 11

The three components of Schwalbe's participation process model are communication, leverage, and casework strategies.

Question 12

Pardons are categorized into two types: absolute pardons and conditional pardons.

Question 13

Justice Reinvestment includes federal funding for employment programs, libraries, schools, and social services in disadvantaged neighborhoods if states can show evidence that they have reduced their prison populations with no increase in the crime rate.

Question 14

Juveniles do not have constitutional right to have their juvenile records kept confidential for life.

Question 15

An absolute pardon freely and unconditionally absolves an individual from the legal consequences of his or her conviction.

Question 16

Using a leverage approach means that officers must continuously confront offenders for undesirable behavior, and then carry out the consequences constantly when rule-violating behavior persists.

Question 17

Desistance from crime appears to be a sudden event, rather than a gradual one.

Question 18

Expungement and sealing of records are essentially the same procedure, but some jurisdictions refer to them by one term and other jurisdictions by the other.

Question 19

The most effective juvenile programs involve a heavy dose of discipline and deterrence.

Question 20

Unsupervised supervision is both effective and necessary.

Question 21

The ultimate goal of community corrections is

A) recidivism.
B) crime desistance.
C) rehabilitation.
D) retribution.

Question 22

Juvenile programs that are considered ineffective are usually characterized by too heavy a focus on

A) discipline or deterrence.
B) psychological treatment.
C) cognitive-behavioral treatment.
D) vocational skills.

Question 23

States that indicate that they will reduce their prison populations are eligible to receive federal funding for employment programs, libraries, schools, and public housing in a federal program called

A) Justice Reinvestment.
B) the Violence Against Women Act.
C) the Second Chance Act.
D) Judicial Pardons.

Question 24

When a person completes proceedings to have his or her rights restored, he or she is often presented with a

A) commendation.
B) certificate of rehabilitation.
C) citation.
D) certificate of completion.

Question 25

Being pardoned at the federal level restores the right to vote, to hold office, and to

A) serve on a jury.
B) be bonded.
C) receive federal aid.
D) all of these.

Question 26

Which of the following is NOT one of the key factors that has been found to reduce recidivism while on parole?

A) Concentrated treatment services combined with parole supervision during the first few weeks of release
B) Strong employment ties
C) Stable relationships with family
D) Having children

Question 27

A(n) __________ is an executive act of clemency that serves to mitigate or set aside punishment for a crime.

A) pardon
B) expungement
C) surety bond
D) expulsion

Question 28

_____ refers to a situation where, by law, some people must remain on probation or parole for years, but they are not actively reporting in person.

A) Banked probation
B) Immunity
C) Restorative justice
D) Unsupervised supervision

Question 29

Rehabilitation efforts are most successful when ___________methods are used for three to nine months in duration.

A) critical-incarcerative
B) cognitive-behavioral
C) focused-retributive
D) punitive

Question 30

Which of the following is NOT one of the three objectives to achieving crime desistance?

A) Rehabilitation through effective treatment
B) Protecting the public through consistent supervision
C) Restoration of victims, offenders, and community
D) Achieving retribution for the victims

Question 31

Community corrections supervision attends to two major groups of offenders: those sentenced to community corrections (e.g., probationers) and

A) juveniles.
B) offenders reentering society after serving time in prison.
C) the mentally ill.
D) violent offenders.

Question 32

Which of the following is NOT one of the three primary ways an inmate can prepare for successful reentry?

A) Completing meaningful treatment
B) Maintaining contact with positive and supportive family members
C) Getting married
D) Developing a solid prerelease plan

Question 33

The restoration of rights upon application procedures is designed to

A) wipe out the conviction.
B) make the offender's records unavailable to the public.
C) remove the disabilities that follow a conviction.
D) expunge the offender's record.

Question 34

Which of the following is not one of the three concepts of Schwalbe's participation process model?

A) Communication
B) Leverage
C) Casework strategies
D) Surveillance

Question 35

Generally, the pardon process is initiated by

A) the recommendation of the governor's office.
B) an application by the offender.
C) a recommendation by the parole officer.
D) the state legislature.

Question 36

In most states today, the power to pardon state felony cases belongs to the _____________, acting alone or in conjunction with some official or board of pardons.

A) legislature ​
B) governor
C) courts
D) attorney general

Question 37

For people on probation and parole, casework strategies include assessing criminogenic problems, scoring risk and needs accurately, assisting the client with implementing action steps to meet goals, and

A) establishing long-range treatment goals.
B) drug and alcohol treatment.
C) education.
D) communication.

Question 38

In the past, the power to pardon a convicted criminal belonged to the

A) people.
B) king or sovereign.
C) trial court.
D) warden of the releasing institution.

Question 39

The theory of _____ helps to identify program characteristics that will produce the greatest reduction in recidivism.

A) cognitive-behavioral therapy
B) risk/need/responsivity
C) motivational interviewing
D) risk/rehabilitation/responsivity

Question 40

When a person has lost a professional license due to conviction, a pardon

A) automatically restores the license and right to practice.
B) restores the license one year after the pardon.
C) generally does not restore the license.
D) restores the license, but the right to practice is decided by a professional board.

Question 41

In a majority of U.S. states, rights are returned to offenders upon completion of their sentences through a(n)

A) certificate of discharge.
B) expungement.
C) automatic restoration of rights.
D) conditional pardon.

Question 42

Recent criminological studies have shown that after _____ years, the risk of an ex-offender reoffending is nearly identical to that of a person who had never committed a crime actually becoming an offender.

A) two
B) three
C) five
D) seven

Question 43

Legally, any applicant who has his or her criminal records sealed can say what?

A) No such records exist.
B) No conviction exists.
C) No arrest exists.
D) No incarceration record exists.

Question 44

_____ erases or restores a record and limits public availability to arrest records and conviction records.

Question 45

_____ is more of a gradual process, rather than a sudden event.

Question 46

A court order prohibiting public disclosure of a defendant's criminal history record is a

A) certificate of discharge.
B) certificate of rehabilitation.
C) petition for nondisclosure.
D) certificate of restoration.

Question 47

The important element of community-based correctional solutions is that they provide options without the use of ___________.

Question 48

A pardon that freely and completely absolves an individual from the legal consequences of his or her crime is a(n) __________ pardon.

A) full
B) executive
C) conditional
D) total

Question 49

A(n) __________ pardon freely and unconditionally absolves an individual from the legal consequences of his or her crime.

Question 50

Rehabilitation efforts are most successful when _____ methods are used for at least three to nine months.

Question 51

Restoration of rights may be done in two ways: by application or by __________ restoration.

Question 52

A(n) ___________________ erases or destroys a record and limits public availability to arrest and conviction records.

A) automatic restoration of rights
B) conditional pardon
C) certificate of discharge
D) expungement

Question 53

Methods used to restore rights include __________, automatic restoration of rights, expungement, sealing, and restoration of rights upon application.

Question 54

The participation process model includes communication, casework strategies, and _____.

Question 55

_____ justice provides offenders opportunities to be accountable for their actions and repay the harm caused to their victims and their communities.

A) Retributive ​
B) Rehabilitative
C) Restorative
D) Punitive

Question 56

Federal funding for communities that reduce their prison populations without increasing crime rates is _____.

Question 57

The most vulnerable period for recidivism is

A) one to two years after release.
B) within six months of release.
C) the first month after release.
D) the first week after release.

Question 58

In the federal court system of the United States, the power to pardon is held by the __________.

Question 59

A certificate of _____ is an official written document signifying that an offender has completed his or her sentence.

Question 60

A lack of concern for others and rules, blaming others, irritability, and aggressiveness all characterize ______.

Question 61

How can an offender keep other persons from finding out about his or her prior conviction record in with the intent of avoiding collateral consequences?

Question 62

The legal concealment of a person's criminal (or juvenile) record that did not result in conviction so that it cannot be opened except by order of the court is called ___________ the file.

Question 63

List and explain the most effective ways that prisoners can prepare for successful reentry.

Question 64

Describe the eight central risk factors that can predict recidivism of offenders while on probation or parole.