Deck 8: Residential Community Supervision Programs

Question 1

If prison or correctional administrators are the key decision makers when sentencing offenders to intermediate sanctions, there is a greater tendency that they will choose offenders who should have received probation.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Most halfway house programs have some kind of behavior modification system where more freedoms are given to those meeting the rules and expectations of the program, called a "levels system."

Answer 2

True

Question 3

In general, eligible candidates for boot camps are young repeat felony offenders convicted of various types of nonviolent offenses, and who meet minimum physical requirements.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

The original concept of a halfway house is a relatively recent form of community sanctions, born out of the 1980's War on Drugs movement.

Question 5

Two different types of staff work at a halfway house. One group is primarily involved in activities that are custody-oriented while the other group can be classified as case managers and counselors who provide the treatment and rehabilitation components.

Question 6

Halfway houses are nonresidential facilities for probationers and parolees who require a more structured setting.

Question 7

Shock incarceration involves a series of electric shocks administered to offenders, intended to alter the brain waves that are thought to be related to criminality.

Question 8

Restitution centers are a type of residential community correctional facility specifically targeted for pregnant women.

Question 9

Military-style boot camps can have potentially negative outcomes because many of these camp environments are characterized by coercion, stress, and leadership styles that are likely to reduce self-esteem, increase the potential for violence, and encourage the abuse of power by young offenders.

Question 10

A work ethic camp is an alternative to prison that teaches job skills and decision making using a cognitive-behavioral approach, followed by intensive supervision probation.

Question 11

The John P. Craine House was founded in 1878 in Indianapolis, Indiana, and was designed specifically for young male juvenile offenders convicted of violent felony offenses.

Question 12

Work release is a program in which offenders who reside in a facility (a community facility, jail, or prison) are released into the community only to work or attend education classes, or both.

Question 13

There are many types of residential community corrections facilities in the United States; however, all are now operated by private companies that are concerned only with treatment results and profit.

Question 14

Evaluations of RCCFs suggest that after five years, over half of the participants completed the program successfully and stayed out of trouble.

Question 15

Restitution centers are specifically targeted to offenders who owe the court system fees and fines.

Question 16

Currently, no one set model exists for the programs provided at halfway houses.

Question 17

Intermediate sanctions fill the gap between regular probation and prison.

Question 18

Probation boot camps are often criticized for widening the net-choosing offenders who otherwise would have been sentenced to probation.

Question 19

Most female offenders have been convicted of misdemeanors or felonies that are nonviolent property-related crimes.

Question 20

Correctional boot camp participants live in barracks, wear uniforms, use military titles, and address their drill instructors by "sir" or "ma'am."

Question 21

Most halfway houses are operated by

A) state departments of corrections.
B) county governments.
C) private companies.
D) the federal prison system.

Question 22

Halfway houses provide reintegration assistance, but they are primarily geared toward minimizing risk. Therefore, workers may experience role conflict, which is a clash between __________ and treatment goals.

A) rehabilitation
B) punishment
C) career advancement
D) none of these

Question 23

Prison systems use halfway houses to fill the gap between

A) shock incarceration and probation.
B) parole and probation.
C) total incarceration and absolute freedom.
D) total incarceration and work release.

Question 24

Which of the following is NOT one of the characteristics possessed by clients who are most likely to fail in residential community corrections?

A) Drug and alcohol abuse history
B) Lack of employment
C) Lack of education
D) Violent history

Question 25

Halfway houses are residential facilities for various types of offenders, including which of the following?

A) Probationers, parolees, or those under ISP who require a more structured setting than living independently
B) Individuals awaiting trial, persons out of jail on bond, and traffic violators
C) Those convicted of only misdemeanor drug/alcohol offenses
D) Parole/probation violators, those convicted of misdemeanors, and individuals awaiting trial on misdemeanor offenses

Question 26

In shock probation, the "shock" is

A) parole.
B) pretrial diversion.
C) probation.
D) prison.

Question 27

The first documented use of work release in the United States occurred during which decade?

A) 1940s
B) 1950s
C) 1970s
D) 1980s

Question 28

Community-based punishments that provide more freedom than prison but less freedom than traditional probation are known as __________ sanctions.

A) restorative justice
B) social justice
C) intermediate
D) indeterminate

Question 29

Two different types of staff work at a halfway house. One group is primarily involved in activities that are custody-oriented, whereas the case managers and counselors take care of

A) treatment and rehabilitation.
B) reception and classification.
C) employment and disciplinary issues.
D) classification and release.

Question 30

Three keys to successful RCCF program completion are paying rent, stable employment, and

A) substance abuse counseling.
B) education.
C) mental health treatment.
D) reunification with children.

Question 31

Which of the following is NOT one of the requirements of residents living in RCCFs or CCCs?

A) Offenders live in the facility.
B) Offenders maintain employment or attend school.
C) Offenders keep current on rent.
D) Offenders must have a mental health issue to reside in these facilities.

Question 32

A _____ is a prison-alternative residential program based on a cognitive-behavioral treatment approach.

A) work ethic camp
B) halfway house
C) boot camp
D) therapeutic community

Question 33

Work release programs are considered both a community corrections program and a(n) ___________ corrections program.

A) institutional
B) applied
C) reintegrative
D) retributive

Question 34

Which U.S. state was the first to create and implement a juvenile boot camp for offenders?

A) California
B) Pennsylvania
C) Georgia
D) Vermont

Question 35

Beginning in the 1950s, halfway houses in the United States began to provide

A) more bed spaces for parolees.
B) treatment and correctional supervision.
C) house arrest for probation violators.
D) work release programs for paroled offenders.

Question 36

Which of the following is NOT one of the factors that determine the amount of freedom earned by offenders residing in halfway houses?

A) Participation in psychotherapy
B) Good behavior
C) Offender's financial situation
D) Amount of time spent in the program

Question 37

Nearly 90% of all halfway houses in the United States are now operated by

A) states.
B) the federal government.
C) private organizations.
D) county governments.

Question 38

Which of the following would NOT be eligible for boot camps?

A) First-time offenders
B) Drug addicts
C) Nonviolent offenders
D) Physically handicapped

Question 39

Residential community corrections facilities (RCCFs) cost less than jail or prison because

A) construction is conducted by community service workers.
B) grants are allocated to various communities through the NIJ.
C) offenders subsidize part of the cost.
D) they do not need as many bed spaces.

Question 40

In the United States, the halfway house was first implemented and used in the state of ___________.

A) Pennsylvania
B) New York
C) Connecticut
D) West Virginia

Question 41

Most halfway house programs have some kind of a behavior modification program called a(n) ________ system.

Question 42

The John P. Craine House was founded in 1978 in Indianapolis, Indiana, and is designed specifically for _____ offenders convicted of misdemeanors or nonviolent felony offenses who are caretakers of preschool-aged children.

A) male
B) female
C) elderly
D) minor

Question 43

Violent offenders and _________ offenders are often not permitted to participate in work release programs.

Question 44

___________ could be considered both a type of institutional corrections and a community corrections program, given that offenders reside in a facility (a community facility, jail, or prison) but are released to the community for a short duration every day to work, attend education classes, or both.

A) Boot camps
B) Restitution centers
C) Work release
D) Therapeutic centers

Question 45

The original _____________ program was created and implemented in the state of Ohio in 1965. It was praised for protecting the briefly incarcerated offender against absorption into the inmate culture.

Question 46

It is important for boot camps to provide _____, in order to facilitate learning retention.

Question 47

Residential community corrections facilities are a popular intermediate sanction because they provide more intensive supervision than probation and parole, but they allow offenders to remain in the community and receive more __________ than they otherwise would in prison.

Question 48

___________________________ refers to a spectrum of community supervision strategies that vary greatly in terms of supervision level and treatment capacity, ranging from diversion to short-term duration in a residential community facility.

Question 49

The most successful boot camps offer discipline and

A) treatment.
B) restitution opportunities.
C) hard physical labor.
D) shaming.

Question 50

The CREST program combines a therapeutic community program with

A) probation.
B) shock incarceration.
C) parole.
D) work release.

Question 51

The focus of restitution centers is

A) treatment of underlying issues that led to crime.
B) behavior modification.
C) securing stable employment to repay victim.
D) punishment to deter future illicit behavior.

Question 52

_____ decide who may participate in correctional boot camps.

Question 53

 ______________ are a type of residential community correctional facility specifically targeted for those who must repay the people they have harmed.

A) Boot camps
B) Restitution centers
C) Work release
D) Day confinement centers

Question 54

_____ are residential facilities for probationers, parolees, or those under ISP supervision who require more structured settings than would be available from living independently.

Question 55

The Auburn prison system was also known as the _____ system.

Question 56

Shock incarceration includes a brief period of imprisonment that is followed by ______.

Question 57

Inmate selection for work release programs is at the discretion of _____.

Question 58

Which of the following offenders would NOT be best served by a jail work release program?

A) First-time offender
B) Employed offender
C) Violent offender
D) Offender enrolled in school

Question 59

Offenders who are on work release and leave a work site or do not return on time will

A) be terminated from work release.
B) have a warrant issued for their arrest.
C) be ordered to pay a fine.
D) be issued a verbal warning.

Question 60

______________could be considered both a type of institutional corrections and a community corrections program, given that offenders reside in a facility (a community facility, jail, or prison) but are released into the community for a short duration every day to work, attend education classes, or both.

Question 61

Discuss the form and purpose of residential community corrections facilities (RCCFs).

Question 62

What are boot camps? Please describe the different types currently used throughout the United States.

Question 63

The first boot camp was created and implemented in the state of __________.

Question 64

In general, have RCCFs been successful in lowering recidivism rates in the United States? Be sure to fully explain your answer.

Question 65

Please define, and then compare and contrast both work release programs and restitution centers.

Question 66

The CREST program combines a(n) _____ with a work release program.

Question 67

_____ are a type of residential community facility specifically targeted for first-time property offenders who must repay their victims or the community that they specifically harmed.

Question 68

Please define "shock incarceration". Next, please provide a detailed example of a program that may be labeled as shock incarceration.