Deck 9: Nonresidential Graduated Sanctions

Question 1

The cost effectiveness of electronic monitoring depends on the custody level of the comparison group and how revocations are processed and handled.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

An offender on probation for an offense related to his compulsive gambling habit would most likely have a casino included as an exclusion zone.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Time spent on house arrest can count as "time served" toward a conviction.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

According to recent empirical research, it appears that gender and family conditions do not play a significant role in the outcome of electronic monitoring sentences.

Question 5

Most house arrest programs throughout the United States today are coupled with some form of electronic monitoring.

Question 6

With an aggressive GPS system, the daytime tracking data are temporarily stored and downloaded at night through a landline phone while the offender is sleeping.

Question 7

Day reporting centers traditionally have a low offender to staff ratio.

Question 8

The idea for use of EM devices in the criminal justice system was inspired by New Mexico Judge Jack Love, who saw how the comic book character Spiderman was tracked by a wrist transmitter.

Question 9

Galileo was once placed under house arrest for asserting that the earth revolved around the sun.

Question 10

House arrest is an intermediate sanction designed to confine pretrial detainees or convicted offenders to their homes during the hours when they are not at work, attending a treatment program, or visiting a supervising officer.

Question 11

House arrest programs emerged in the United States as an alternative to incarceration for pretrial detainees.

Question 12

Most states mandate the use of GPS for drug offenders.

Question 13

House arrest completely eliminates the offender's ability to commit crimes during the supervision term.

Question 14

The problem with day reporting centers is that offenders are required to go to a central location but then they are transported all over the local area to receive the services they need, such as employment counseling, drug treatment, and so forth.

Question 15

House arrest for pretrial defendants is required, and they cannot refuse to participate.

Question 16

Early electronic monitoring programs required that offenders had a laptop computer-something critics asserted discriminated against indigent offenders who could not afford the equipment.

Question 17

Day reporting centers are for offenders on probation or parole only.

Question 18

Electronic monitoring (EM) can be used on pretrial releasees.

Question 19

Offenders on house arrest are unlikely to be revoked for technical violations.

Question 20

Domestic violence incidents often occur in residences where an offender is on house arrest.

Question 21

A type of GPS system that stores data throughout the day and downloads data at night through a landline phone is a(n) __________ GPS system.

A) active
B) passive
C) remote
D) continuous

Question 22

Electronic monitoring is most often used for

A) parolees.
B) pretrial detainees.
C) violent offenders.
D) probationers.

Question 23

Which of the following is usually NOT one of the criticisms of house arrest?

A) It is expensive for the county or state to operate.
B) Domestic violence could result.
C) Offenders can still commit crimes within their homes.
D) It may not really feel like punishment to some offenders.

Question 24

An intermediate sanction designed to confine pretrial detainees or convicted offenders to their homes during the hours when they are not at work, attending a treatment program, or visiting a supervising officer is

A) intensive supervision.
B) house arrest.
C) community justice.
D) forfeiture.

Question 25

A type of GPS system that transmit data through wireless networks used by cell phone is referred to as a(n) _______________ GPS system.

A) active
B) passive
C) continuous
D) remote

Question 26

Which of the following is one of the major problems associated with electronic monitoring?

A) Technical and electric problems such as bad wiring
B) Costs more than incarceration
C) Offenders reporting to their officers more often
D) Neighbors not wanting offenders on house arrest in their neighborhood

Question 27

In most U.S. states, GPS tracking is used for

A) sex offenders.
B) property offenders.
C) drug offenders.
D) violent offenders.

Question 28

The first wrist-device electronic monitoring unit was used for white-collar offenders and

A) DUI offenders.
B) drug offenders.
C) rapists.
D) thieves.

Question 29

Offenders on GPS supervision may not enter certain areas, called _____, which are generally based on the crime committed and the characteristics of the offender.

A) inclusion zones
B) exclusion zones
C) dead zones
D) trouble zones

Question 30

Convicted offenders often are sentenced to house arrest coupled with

A) forfeiture.
B) electronic monitoring.
C) community service.
D) ISP.

Question 31

World famous astronomer __________ was once placed under house arrest for his assertion that the earth revolved around the sun.

A) Copernicus
B) Galileo
C) Nostradamus
D) Albert Einstein

Question 32

Using 24 military satellites orbiting the earth to pinpoint the offender's exact location intermittently or at all times is called

A) global position system monitoring.
B) home-based electronic monitoring.
C) remote-location monitoring.
D) hybrid system monitoring.

Question 33

Which of the following individuals would most likely be successful on house arrest?

A) An unemployed offender
B) A repeat offender
C) A divorced offender
D) An employed offender

Question 34

_________ is a correctional technology used in conjunction with other intermediate sanctions and allows the authorities to know the whereabouts of specific offenders.

A) Dental implants
B) Data mining
C) Micro chip placement
D) Electronic monitoring

Question 35

In the 1970s, New Mexico Judge ___________ advocated and pushed for the creation of an electronic monitoring device to track pretrial detainees.

A) Dexter Hamlin
B) Joe Shapiro
C) Frank Shepard
D) Jack Love

Question 36

An offender on probation for an offense related to sexual assault of children would probably have an exclusion zone of

A) schools.
B) hotels.
C) grocery stores.
D) restaurants.

Question 37

In the case of People v. Ramos , the courts found that

A) house arrest for a pretrial detainee could not count as time served toward a conviction.
B) GPS monitoring was constitutional and not a violation of one's 8th Amendment.
C) electronic monitoring was a violation of the 14th Amendment.
D) community service could not be used as a sentence for felony offenders.

Question 38

Electronic monitoring typically operates through radio frequencies sent across

A) cell phone towers.
B) satellites.
C) phone lines.
D) wireless networks.

Question 39

Completion rates of convicted nonviolent federal offenders on electronic monitoring indicate that roughly_____ of offenders are successful.

A) 75%
B) 90%
C) 50%
D) 30%

Question 40

A _____ is a type of nonresidential, outpatient program based on a three-phase levels system where offenders report for a variety of treatment programs and random drug testing.

A) work release center
B) therapeutic center
C) day reporting center
D) community restitution center

Question 41

Which of the following is NOT one of the major drawbacks for using GPS?

A) Loss of satellite signal
B) Short battery life
C) Cost to offenders
D) Inadequate number of GPS units

Question 42

Electronic monitoring is most often used for _____.

Question 43

Because of the increase in regulations for people on EM/GPS, _____ is more likely to occur.

A) commission of new crimes
B) a technical violation
C) substance abuse
D) lack of employment

Question 44

DRC programs seem to fare well as a ______ program for prisoners, especially when compared with the outcomes of prisoners who are freed under no supervision and parolees under traditional parole.

A) treatment
B) reentry
C) punitive ​
D) diversionary

Question 45

A(n) _______________ zone, is an exact location that an offender is required to be at a given time (i.e., place of employment, school, an appointment).

A) required
B) exclusion
C) inclusion
D) active

Question 46

Most states mandate the use of GPS for _____ offenders.

Question 47

_____ is an intermediate sanction designed to confine pretrial detainees or convicted offenders to their homes during the hours when they are not at work, attending a treatment program, or visiting a supervising officer.

Question 48

An offender who is confined to his home for most of the day and must wear a monitoring bracelet is on _______________________________.

Question 49

The ideal amount of time to spend in a day reporting centers is typically between ________ days.

A) 70 and 120
B) 30 and 60
C) 1 and 29
D) 120 and 180

Question 50

A wrist transmitter used in electronic monitoring was inspired by the _________ comic book character.

Question 51

Older passive electronic monitoring devices required a connection to a(n) _____ within the offender's residence.

Question 52

The type of electronic monitoring that uses inclusion and exclusion zones is the _________ __________ system.

Question 53

_____ is when a supervising officer uses a handheld remote receiver to wirelessly verify an offender's physical location.

Question 54

Two approaches to day reporting centers are

A) incapacitation and rehabilitation.
B) deterrence and incapacitation.
C) treatment and supervision.
D) supervision and restoration.

Question 55

When a supervising officer uses a handheld receiver to wirelessly verify an offender's physical location, he or she is using

A) remote-location monitoring.
B) global positioning.
C) exclusive positioning.
D) passive electronic monitoring.

Question 56

____________refers to a correctional technology tool used to track certain offenders who have been released in the community, but still remain under correctional supervision.

Question 57

A GPS system that transmits data through wireless networks used by cell phones is a(n) _________ GPS system.

Question 58

There is no one right way to operate a day reporting center. The key is to do which of the following?

A) Define the goals and then measure whether the program is achieving the goals.
B) Select only those offenders for participation who possess none of the poor indicators.
C) Measure and report results that only indicate positive long-term outcomes.
D) Stress only the treatment-oriented approach.

Question 59

_____ are nonresidential programs typically used for defendants on pretrial release, for convicted offenders on probation or parole, or for probation or parole violators as an increased sanction.

Question 60

Exact locations that an offender on GPS supervision is prohibited from being in or near are _____.

Question 61

A(n) _____-oriented day reporting center focuses on making sure that clients abide by the rules, enforces accountability through itineraries, and keeps clients busy so they do not have the time or opportunity to engage in criminal activity.

Question 62

Some day reporting centers are treatment-oriented and others are more __________ oriented.

Question 63

What are the major disadvantages and/or criticisms of house arrest?

Question 64

How are day reporting centers different from house arrest?

Question 65

What have empirical evaluations of electronic monitoring and GPS found?

Question 66

GPS is authorized in nearly every U.S. state, but most states use GPS for high-risk __________ offenders during the term of their supervision.

Question 67

What is the history of radio frequency electronic monitoring, and what were the problems of early home-bound electronic monitoring?

Question 68

What is GPS, and how is it used in corrections? Will it continue to be used as a type of community corrections? Please fully explain your answer.