Deck 4: Intermediate Sanctions

Question 1

One problem with fines is the:

A)difficulty in collecting.
B)record-keeping in collections.
C)ease with which offenders can pay.
D)extremely small amount of fine.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Wide public support for "just desert" sentencing caused interest in community sanctions geared toward:

A)the seriousness of the crime.
B)repeat offenders.
C)violent offenders.
D)sex offenders.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Criminal forfeiture can occur only after:

A)taxes are paid.
B)an arrest is made.
C)charges are filed.
D)conviction.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Restitution allows:

A)offenders to avoid prison.
B)victims to regain property and income.
C)the community to benefit without paying for incarceration.
D)all of these choices.

Question 5

Intermediate sanctions are beneficial in that they:

A)are a cost-saving alternative.
B)serve the needs of certain offenders.
C)help reduce prison overcrowding.
D)all of these.

Question 6

The sanction requiring a portion of the defendant's income to be paid is the:

A)budget fine.
B)monthly fine.
C)day fine.
D)annual fine.

Question 7

The RICO Act initiated the use of __________ as a sanction.

A)deportation
B)forfeiture
C)community service
D)reintegrative shaming

Question 8

A court order requiring an offender to perform a certain number of work hours at a private nonprofit or a government agency is a:

A)community service order.
B)standard probation requirement.
C)volunteer assignment.
D)work release order.

Question 9

Fines are more frequently used in cases involving:

A)misdemeanors and lesser offenses.
B)lower-level felonies such as grand theft or automobile theft.
C)drug offenses.
D)violent offenses.

Question 10

Civil forfeiture is an act solely against:

A)the property used illegally.
B)the offender.
C)anyone living on the property.
D)back taxes owed on the property.

Question 11

Which of the following is Not a characteristic of house arrest?

A)It can range from evening curfew to detention during all nonworking hours.
B)It can last from several days to several years.
C)All offenders on house arrest are being monitored electronically.
D)There are more than 10,000 people on house arrest nationwide.

Question 12

Since 2001, criminal forfeiture has been used to:

A)increase government budgets.
B)discourage drug traffickers.
C)disrupt terrorist activity.
D)all of these choices.

Question 13

The Bureau of Prisons uses the house arrest sanction for inmates:

A)before confinement.
B)before release.
C)who exhibit good behavior.
D)who request conjugal privileges.

Question 14

Home confinement:

A)can lower recidivism rates.
B)can be cost effective.
C)is labor intensive for officers.
D)all of these choices.

Question 15

How much money is collected each year in the United States from fines paid by criminal offenders?

A)more than $1 million
B)more than $10 million
C)more than $100 million
D)more than $1 billion

Question 16

The lowest end of the continuum of intermediate sanctions is:

A)probation.
B)house arrest.
C)the day reporting center.
D)fines.

Question 17

Which of the following is the most intrusive sanction according to the continuum of intermediate sanctions?

A)house arrest
B)restitution
C)drug courts
D)boot camps

Question 18

When the offender most often pays into a victims' fund for damages caused by the crime, it is known as:

A)day fines.
B)restitution.
C)retribution.
D)reintegration.

Question 19

Civil forfeitures are:

A)mala in se .
B)modus operandi .
C)habeas corpus .
D)in rem .

Question 20

According to the text, citizens are most concerned about the high rate of probationers'____________________.

A)prior crimes
B)recidivism
C)drug use
D)apathy

Question 21

One of the most controversial intermediate sanctions for teens, as well as adults, is:

A)the halfway house.
B)boot camp.
C)house arrest.
D)community service.

Question 22

Electronic monitoring includes:

A)programmed contact services.
B)GPS (global positioning system).
C)field monitoring devices.
D)all of these choices.

Question 23

Which of the following acts was important for the continuation of drug courts through federal funding under the Clinton Administration?

A)the 1994 Crime Act
B)the Federal Lautenberg Act
C)the Violence Against Women Act of 1994
D)1996 Homestead Drug Act

Question 24

In states that currently use shock probation, the average prison/jail is usually how long?

A)1 week but no longer than 3 weeks
B)1 weekend a month for the first year
C)more than 30 days but no more than 60 days
D)6 months but no more than 1 year

Question 25

Short-term incarceration followed by a period of probation is called:

A)intensive probation.
B)new penology.
C)split sentencing.
D)new wave probation.

Question 26

EM (electronic monitoring)signals are transmitted via:

A)active and passive phone line systems.
B)law enforcement dispatch services.
C)television networks.
D)two-way radios.

Question 27

Historically, _____________ have their roots in U.S. native and Canadian aboriginal cultures.

A)sentencing circles
B)shaming centers
C)mediation programs
D)drug courts

Question 28

To ensure that an offender is complying with his or her home confinement orders, many jurisdictions use:

A)neighborhood watch programs.
B)cell phones.
C)electronic monitoring.
D)Internet.

Question 29

Prerelease centers for inmates and intermediate sanctions for probationers are called ______________and include probation centers, restitution centers, county work- release centers, and therapeutic communities.

A)halfway houses
B)release homes
C)day centers
D)report centers

Question 30

When boot camps are used in adult corrections, they are usually used for:

A)first-time offenders in their late teens or early twenties.
B)first-time offenders who have a drug problem.
C)habitual offenders who have a violent criminal history.
D)habitual offenders who have a drug problem.

Question 31

A somewhat intensive form of short-term community supervision that also requires attendance is the:

A)day reporting center.
B)counseling services center.
C)employment services center.
D)health services center.

Question 32

Thomas is 18 years old and was found guilty of multiple counts of burglary and dealing in stolen property. He and three of his friends went on a spree of home burglaries where they took thousands of dollars' worth of property from their victims' homes. All of Thomas's acquaintances were juveniles and thus not of age to pawn items at the pawn shop. This is why Thomas was the one who got caught pawning the stolen items in a local pawn shop. This is Thomas's first arrest and conviction. The judge is concerned with placing Thomas in a dangerous prison with older, more experienced offenders. The prosecutor argues that too many people are placed on routine probation. What is the possible solution to this debate?

A)aggravated sanctions
B)intermediate sanctions
C)just sanctions
D)strategic sanctions

Question 33

Who is eligible for drug court?

A)offenders charged with drug trafficking
B)offenders charged with drug manufacturing
C)nonviolent offenders with substance abuse problems
D)violent offenders with substance abuse problems

Question 34

There is ongoing judicial interaction with each participant in:

A)traffic courts.
B)drug courts.
C)civil courts.
D)divorce courts.

Question 35

Involving the offender, victim, and victimized communities in levying justice is known as:

A)rehabilitative justice.
B)reintegrative justice.
C)restorative justice.
D)unbiased justice.

Question 36

Which of the following statements about boot camps is most accurate?

A)Boot camp programs are on the decline.
B)Boot camp programs are on the rise.
C)Research on recidivism rates associated with boot camps is promising.
D)Nineteen states have instituted new hybrid drug court/boot camp programs for first-time young drug offenders.

Question 37

How many restorative justice centers are operating throughout North America and Europe?

A)more than 100
B)more than 1,000
C)more than 5,000
D)more than 10,000

Question 38

The future of intermediate sanctions rests on:

A)certainty and celerity.
B)proportionality.
C)progressiveness.
D)all of the above.

Question 39

Where was the first drug court implemented?

A)Miami, Florida
B)New York, New York
C)Huntington, West Virginia
D)Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

Question 40

Which statement indicates the relationship between day reporting centers and recidivism?

A)There is little evidence to support the idea that day reporting centers contribute to lower rates of recidivism.
B)Research indicates that when offenders participate in the programs at the day reporting centers, recidivism rates decline drastically.
C)Research indicates that when offenders participate in the programs at the day reporting centers, recidivism rates decline slightly.
D)Research indicates that when offenders participate in the programs that the day reporting centers, recidivism rates increase slightly.

Question 41

Law enforcement agencies can use forfeited assets to supplement their budgets.

Question 42

Criminal forfeiture occurs after a suspect is arrested by police officers but before he or she is convicted in a criminal court.

Question 43

Thomas is 18 years old and was found guilty of multiple counts of burglary and dealing in stolen property. He and three of his friends went on a spree of home burglaries where they took thousands of dollars' worth of property from their victims' homes. All of Thomas's acquaintances were juveniles and thus not of age to pawn items at the pawn shop. This is why Thomas was the one who got caught pawning the stolen items in a local pawn shop. During the sentencing phase of Thomas's trial, the victims say in open court that they do not want to see a young man sent to prison for many years. They would like to see him placed on probation but also compensate them for their losses, which they believe will teach Thomas some financial responsibility. What are the victims asking for?

A)fines
B)community service
C)retribution
D)restitution

Question 44

Judge Ortiz is an administrative judge in the county who is holding a meeting to determine the effectiveness of the various sentencing options. He invites individuals who work with the various types of sentencing options to give their feedback. Officer Moll is the supervising probation officer in the county. Judge Ellis coordinates the drug court in the neighboring county. Ms. Howard runs the halfway house in the county. Captain Smith coordinates the boot camp in the county. Judge Ortiz discusses the boot camp program with Captain Smith. Judge Ortiz expressed that he is opposed to boot camps because the recidivism studies reveal similar rates for boot camp graduates and those offenders who spend time in prison. What is another criticism of boot camp programs?

A) The boot camp experience is dehumanizing.
B) There is meaningless physical labor.
C) Insistence on unquestioning obedience to authority does not foster prosocial behavior.
D) All of these

Question 45

One of the trends during the 1980s was the increase in secure confinement of drug offenders.

Question 46

Fines are more commonly used in Europe, where they are frequently the sole punishment, even in cases involving chronic offenders who commit fairly serious offenses.

Question 47

Intermediate sanctions fall along a continuum ranging from the least intrusive (fines and community service)to the most intrusive (house arrest, electronic monitoring).

Question 48

Thomas is 18 years old and was found guilty of multiple counts of burglary and dealing in stolen property. He and three of his friends went on a spree of home burglaries where they took thousands of dollars' worth of property from their victims' homes. All of Thomas's acquaintances were juveniles and thus not of age to pawn items at the pawn shop. This is why Thomas was the one who got caught pawning the stolen items in a local pawn shop. The judge makes the decision to sentence Thomas to remain confined to his residence for 6 months. He is allowed to leave his home to go to work. He must be home between the hours of 6 pm and 7 am. What is the name of this sentence?

A)boot camp
B)financial restitution
C)house arrest
D)drug court

Question 49

Judge Ortiz is an administrative judge in the county who is holding a meeting to determine the effectiveness of the various sentencing options. He invites individuals who work with the various types of sentencing options to give their feedback. Officer Moll is the supervising probation officer in the county. Judge Ellis coordinates the drug court in the neighboring county. Ms. Howard runs the halfway house in the county. Captain Smith coordinates the boot camp in the county. Officer Moll reports that for the nonviolent offenders, his office utilizes random phone calls generated by computers where the offenders must respond within 30 seconds. This way the officer can verify that their probationer is home. What type of electronic monitoring is this?

A)active phone line systems
B)passive phone line systems
C)remote location monitoring
D)global positioning systems

Question 50

Some intermediate sanctions are used in conjunction with one another.

Question 51

Thomas is 18 years old and was found guilty of multiple counts of burglary and dealing in stolen property. He and three of his friends went on a spree of home burglaries where they took thousands of dollars' worth of property from their victims' homes. All of Thomas's acquaintances were juveniles and thus not of age to pawn items at the pawn shop. This is why Thomas was the one who got caught pawning the stolen items in a local pawn shop. Who will ultimately be responsible for selecting from a range of sentencing options, choosing the punishment that best fits the circumstances of the crime and the offender?

A)defense attorney
B)judge
C)probation officer
D)victim

Question 52

Judge Ortiz is an administrative judge in the county who is holding a meeting to determine the effectiveness of the various sentencing options. He invites individuals who work with the various types of sentencing options to give their feedback. Officer Moll is the supervising probation officer in the county. Judge Ellis coordinates the drug court in the neighboring county. Ms. Howard runs the halfway house in the county. Captain Smith coordinates the boot camp in the county. Judge Ortiz thinks that the random phone call to the offender where the offender must respond is not effective in that many offenders can find ways around this. He feels it is more effective to monitor offenders through a microprocessor and an ankle transmitter device. With this, the offender must remain in within 100 feet of the portable receiver. The transmitter will then make continuous calls to a reporting station that updates the offender's location. What is this type of electronic monitoring?

A)active phone line systems
B)passive phone line systems
C)remote location monitoring
D)global positioning systems

Question 53

Thomas is 18 years old and was found guilty of multiple counts of burglary and dealing in stolen property. He and three of his friends went on a spree of home burglaries where they took thousands of dollars' worth of property from their victims' homes. All of Thomas's acquaintances were juveniles and thus not of age to pawn items at the pawn shop. This is why Thomas was the one who got caught pawning the stolen items in a local pawn shop. Thomas's parents also attend the sentencing hearing, and they request that Thomas be required to volunteer in the community to help clean up the city parks. This type of sanction would be considered:

A)fines.
B)community service.
C)retribution.
D)restitution.

Question 54

Fines are at one end of the continuum of intermediate sanctions.

Question 55

Prevailing evidence seems to support that judges use fines in a rational and reasonable way. 

Question 56

Intermediate sanctions are typically administered by jails.

Question 57

In rem proceedings are used to return property illegally seized by the government.

Question 58

Judge Ortiz is an administrative judge in the county who is holding a meeting to determine the effectiveness of the various sentencing options. He invites individuals who work with the various types of sentencing options to give their feedback. Officer Moll is the supervising probation officer in the county. Judge Ellis coordinates the drug court in the neighboring county. Ms. Howard runs the halfway house in the county. Captain Smith coordinates the boot camp in the county. Which type of offender is most likely accepted into Judge Ellis's drug court program?

A) drug dealers
B) drug manufacturers
C) nonviolent offenders who have substance abuse problems
D) violent offenders who have substance abuse problems

Question 59

Intermediate sanctions, if successfully completed, cost less than jails and prisons.

Question 60

Judge Ortiz is an administrative judge in the county who is holding a meeting to determine the effectiveness of the various sentencing options. He invites individuals who work with the various types of sentencing options to give their feedback. Officer Moll is the supervising probation officer in the county. Judge Ellis coordinates the drug court in the neighboring county. Ms. Howard runs the halfway house in the county. Captain Smith coordinates the boot camp in the county. Judge Ellis is convinced that offenders who have a drug addiction need more services provided. He explains the various sanctions and services utilized at his drug court. Which of the following are likely to be a part of Judge Ellis's drug court?

A) mandatory periodic testing for the use of controlled substances
B) substance abuse treatment
C) aftercare services such as relapse prevention
D) all of these

Question 61

In the federal courts, the home confinement program is only used with pretrial defendants.

Question 62

A(An)____________________ proceeding is not an action against a violator but against the property involved.

Question 63

Boot camps began in adult corrections but are more recently used in juvenile corrections.

Question 64

Financial restitution is payment of a sum of money by the offender to the court.

Question 65

Forfeiture involves the government seizing property that was derived from or used in criminal activity.

Question 66

Drug courts are not as effective as prisons are for reducing the recidivism rates of offenders.

Question 67

Split sentencing is a standard feature in many states with intensive supervision programs.

Question 68

Several definitions of restorative justice can be found, but at the heart of most of these definitions is the conviction that those most directly involved in a crime (individual victims, offenders, families of victims and offenders, and victimized communities)are those who should be central in responding to the harm caused by crime.

Question 69

In an example of ____________________, clients report to a central location every day, where they file daily schedules with  their supervising officer showing how each hour will be spent. 

Question 70

Intermediate sanctions are said to allow _______________ to match the severity of punishment with the severity of the crime.

Question 71

Restitution is the most popular model of restorative justice.

Question 72

A community service order requires an offender to perform work hours at a nonprofit or government agency.

Question 73

______________________ is a court-imposed sentence ordering that an offender remain confined to his or her own residence for a specified amount of time.

Question 74

Restorative justice focuses on the welfare of the offender in the aftermath of the crime.

Question 75

An in rem proceeding is not an action against the property involved but against the violator involved.

Question 76

A(An)_________________ is a sanction that requires convicted offenders to pay a specified sum of money.

Question 77

One reason for the emergence of ________________________in the 1980s was the belief that prisons were being overused for offenders who really did not need secure confinement.

Question 78

The purposes of ______________________________ are to compensate victims for their losses and to teach the offenders financial responsibility.

Question 79

____________________________ occurs when the government seizes property that was derived from or used in criminal action.

Question 80

Participants in healing or sentencing circles typically speak out while passing around a "talking piece" (such as a feather or stone).