Deck 1: The Correctional System

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a privately run prison corporation?

A)Bayer-Orrick Corporations
B)Corrections Corporation of America
C)The GEO Company
D)Cornell Companies

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Which of the following is not a characteristic of the reformatory model?

A)housed older offenders who had medical issues
B)featured indeterminate sentencing and parole
C)classified prisoners
D)provided educational and vocational training

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Which of the following was an early advocate of medical treatment in prisons?

A)Howard Gill
B)Andrew McCutchen
C)Howard Johns
D)John Gill

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Who developed the Irish mark system, where inmates could eventually earn early release?

A)Zebulon Brockway
B)John Howard
C)Walter Crofton
D)Joseph Antwine

Question 5

The ____________________ was finished in 1829 and became a model for prisons in several European countries. It had a radial design, with seven wings, each containing 76 cells, radiating from a central hub, where control personnel were stationed.

A)Eastern State Penitentiary
B)Westgate State Penitentiary
C)Moundsville State Penitentiary
D)Brockway's House of Reform

Question 6

Which penal system is based on the belief that most prisoners would benefit from the experience of incarceration?

A)Carolina model
B)New York model
C)Pennsylvania model
D)Texas model

Question 7

Where would vagrants, beggars, and delinquents be forced to work by way of discipline and punishment?

A)bridewells
B)houses of corrections
C)Jesuit house of refuge
D)monastic confinement

Question 8

Which was the first institution to pay wages to prisoners as a reward for diligence and productivity?

A)Eastern State Penitentiary
B)Elmira Reformatory
C)Moundsville Penitentiary
D)Sing Sing Prison

Question 9

The equity goal of punishment means that convicted offenders must:

A)pay back their victims for their loss.
B)pay back the justice system for costs related to processing their cases.
C)pay back society for the disruptions caused because of their crimes.
D)all of these

Question 10

Who believed that the law should accomplish some utilitarian purpose?

A)Jeremy Bentham
B)John Howard
C)Cesare Becarria
D)Paul Ambrose

Question 11

Who was an English sheriff who advocated jail reform?

A)Jeremy Bentham
B)John Howard
C)Frank Connelly
D)Alexander Maconochie

Question 12

Which of the following were prisons established by the Church in the Middle Ages for those involved in offensive acts such as incest and magic?

A)bridewells
B)houses of corrections
C)the Citadel
D)monastic confinement

Question 13

The state believes that in order for an offenders' behavior to change, punishment should:

A)be degrading.
B)be waived.
C)occur before a trial.
D)teach a lesson.

Question 14

The ____________________ is t he idea that criminality is a sickness that can be cured through psychological intervention.

A)medical model
B)rehabilitative psychological model
C)Pittsburgh model
D)Brockway approach

Question 15

Punishment that is based on "getting even" for violating the social contract is known as:

A)retribution.
B)restitution.
C)rehabilitation.
D)deterrence.

Question 16

Which state led the way in repealing the British laws that the colonists had enacted concerning crime and punishment?

A)Georgia
B)Maryland
C)New York
D)Pennsylvania

Question 17

Currently, public outrage dictates that offenders should suffer by:

A)paying for their crimes.
B)learning lessons.
C)serving short sentences.
D)having charges dropped.

Question 18

A ____________________ is a prison in which persons found guilty of a felony are isolated from normal society.

A)bridewell
B)house of corrections
C)jail
D)penitentiary

Question 19

Who felt strongly about the merits of the reformatory model?

A)Zebulon Brockway
B)John Howard
C)Walter Crofton
D)Cesare Becarria

Question 20

The first formal legal code was the:

A)Code of Hammurabi.
B)Declaration of Independence.
C)Magna Carta.
D)Twelve Tables.

Question 21

The work of Robert Martinson and colleagues failed to find supportive data for which of the following goals of punishment?

A)rehabilitation
B)restorative justice
C)deterrence
D)incapacitation

Question 22

Which is the goal of punishment that is designed to prevent others from committing similar crimes?

A)deterrence
B)incapacitation
C)rehabilitation
D)restoration

Question 23

During the sentencing phase in his courtroom, Judge Jones gives a little speech to all the defendants who are found guilty of a crime. He does this to explain to the defendants the goals and the philosophy of punishment. Janice pleads guilty to grand theft and forgery. She has an addiction to prescription painkillers and stole money from her employer to support her addiction. Judge Jones believes that Janice should be helped and treated rather than condemned and punished. He sentences her to a residential drug treatment program under the supervision of a probation officer. This sentence is based on the goal of sentencing of:

A)deterrence.
B)incapacitation.
C)rehabilitation.
D)restoration.

Question 24

The interpretation of laws is done by the ____________________ branch of government.

A)judicial
B)executive
C)legislative
D)societal

Question 25

In the United States, there are ____________________ law enforcement agencies than correctional agencies.

A)the same number of
B)fewer
C)significantly more
D)none of these choices

Question 26

The setting of justice policy is aided by the ____________________ branch of government

A)judicial
B)executive
C)legislative
D)societal

Question 27

Prison building is often a boom to many communities who view the institution(s)as:

A)environmentally friendly.
B)business.
C)structurally attractive.
D)cheap convict labor.

Question 28

Which aspect of sentencing views those who violate the law as "society's victims" ?

A)deterrence
B)incapacitation
C)rehabilitation
D)restoration

Question 29

Law is created by the ____________________ branch of government.

A)judicial
B)executive
C)legislative
D)societal

Question 30

During the sentencing phase in his courtroom, Judge Jones gives a little speech to all the defendants who are found guilty of a crime. He does this to explain to the defendants the goals and the philosophy of punishment. Jerry was found guilty of armed robbery. This is his fourth conviction for the same crime, and he appears to be getting more violent in his attempts. Judge Jones tells Jerry that he is too dangerous to remain free in society and he must be sentenced to prison to restrain him. Judge Jones' reason for his 25-year prison sentence is:

A)deterrence.
B)incapacitation.
C)rehabilitation.
D)restoration.

Question 31

Which position on punishment is most closely linked to retribution?

A)deterrence
B)incapacitation
C)just deserts
D)restoration

Question 32

During the sentencing phase in his courtroom, Judge Jones gives a little speech to all the defendants who are found guilty of a crime. He does this to explain to the defendants the goals and the philosophy of punishment. Judge Jones invites juveniles into his courtroom during sentencing hearings so they will understand that people who continue to commit crimes will be punished for their actions. He does this because he is a firm believer that punishment should be public. Judge Jones also believes that punishments should be immediate and necessary. Whose principles does Judge Jones advocate?

A)Montesquieu
B)Beccaria
C)Bentham
D)Bell

Question 33

The correctional population continues to:

A)stay the same
B)decline
C)grow
D)stagnate

Question 34

What is the name of the policy that promotes sentencing repeat offenders to long prison terms while granting first-time and nonviolent offenders shorter and more lenient sentences?

A)general incapacitation
B)selective incapacitation
C)general deterrence
D)selective deterrence

Question 35

The justice system is expensive to run because its employees number about:

A)2)4 million.
B)1)5 million.
C)200,000.
D)500,000.

Question 36

Which goal of punishment promotes sentencing people to prison to restrain them physically so during the time they are confined society is protected?

A)deterrence
B)incapacitation
C)rehabilitation
D)restoration

Question 37

The United States is now engaging in:

A)increased application of the death penalty.
B)mass incarceration.
C)using criminals as  soldiers and offering reduced sentences for service.
D)designing underwater prisons.

Question 38

Which of the following is a challenge facing the ability of corrections to function as a system?

A)social costs
B)financial costs
C)system overload
D)all of these

Question 39

Which goal of sentencing has its roots in the concept that something has to be done to make amends for the harm or loss caused?

A)deterrence
B)incapacitation
C)rehabilitation
D)restoration

Question 40

During the sentencing phase in his courtroom, Judge Jones gives a little speech to all the defendants who are found guilty of a crime. He does this to explain to the defendants the goals and the philosophy of punishment. Jane is being sentenced for the crime of vehicular manslaughter. She got into a car accident one morning while she was texting her boyfriend and driving on her way to work. The judge wants to use Jane as an example that texting while driving is very dangerous. He sentences her to five years in prison, hoping that others will be discouraged from also texting while driving. The goal of Jane's punishment is:

A)deterrence.
B)incapacitation.
C)rehabilitation.
D)restoration.

Question 41

Beccaria and Bentham both believed that the goal of the state should be deterrence, not revenge.

Question 42

Restorative justice is grounded in the concept that the government should surrender its control over responses to crime to the victim, the offender, and the community.

Question 43

During the sentencing phase in his courtroom, Judge Jones gives a little speech to all the defendants who are found guilty of a crime. He does this to explain to the defendants the goals and the philosophy of punishment. Sam is a 20-year-old college student. He was out one night with some friends. He succumbed to the peer pressure of his new friends, and they decided to vandalize vehicles by smashing in the windows and slicing the tires. Sam has never been in trouble before. His friends with him that night all had lengthy criminal records. The judge decides not to cast out Sam from society. He wants to give Sam the opportunity to remain in good standing and continue with college. Sam is sentenced to community service and is required to pay for the damage of the vehicles. This sentence is based on the goal of:

A)deterrence.
B)incapacitation.
C)rehabilitation.
D)restoration.

Question 44

The Irish Mark System, developed by Lawrence Driscoll in 1794, established probation and parole requirements for Irish-born offenders in what were now English-ruled colonies.

Question 45

The Auburn cellblock became a model for prisons in several European countries.

Question 46

Under the medical model, the prison would become an analogue to the hospital.

Question 47

The harsh environments of the early prisons led to mental breakdowns, suicides, and self-mutilations.

Question 48

Sally is a new recruit in a state correctional academy class. She has no prior knowledge of the criminal justice system and has never been in a prison before. During the first week of class she learns the fundamentals of the criminal justice system and, specifically, the correctional system. The corrections academy is intent on producing quality officers who are committed to professionalism. Which of the following is NOT one of the qualities that Sally should possess?

A)to treat offenders with dignity and respect
B)to be a person committed to a learning model and to be open to new ways of doing things
C)to model the behavior of her fellow officers even if they seem to be unethical
D)to keep her personal stuff from getting in the way

Question 49

Sally is a new recruit in a state correctional academy class. She has no prior knowledge of the criminal justice system and has never been in a prison before. During the first week of class she learns the fundamentals of the criminal justice system and, specifically, the correctional system. Sally has the ultimate goal of working in the office of community supervision that offenders are placed with after a period of incarceration. Which element of the correctional system does she aspire to work in?

A)probation
B)parole
C)jail
D)prison

Question 50

Maconochie's mark system used in Norfolk Island was politically popular in England.

Question 51

John Howard was responsible for building the first prison in the United States, the Heritage House, in Philadelphia Pennsylvania in 1794.

Question 52

Sally is a new recruit in a state correctional academy class. She has no prior knowledge of the criminal justice system and has never been in a prison before. During the first week of class she learns the fundamentals of the criminal justice system and, specifically, the correctional system. Based on what Sally learned in her first week in the academy, which would not be one of the agencies of justice?

A)courts
B)corrections
C)executive branch
D)law enforcement

Question 53

Maconochie succeeded far better than could be anticipated with his "mark" system, but the political unpopularity of what he was doing eventually resulted in his recall to England.

Question 54

Sally is a new recruit in a state correctional academy class. She has no prior knowledge of the criminal justice system and has never been in a prison before. During the first week of class she learns the fundamentals of the criminal justice system and, specifically, the correctional system. Sally is surprised to learn that many suspects are released before trial because the case is dismissed by the prosecutor. This is the practice of:

A)nolle prosequi.
B)stare decisis.
C)habeas corpus.
D)writ of certiorari.

Question 55

Montesquieu based the legitimacy of criminal sanctions on the social contract.

Question 56

The justification for punishment does not express public outrage.

Question 57

During the Middle Ages, criminals were seen as menaces to the community and as insults to God.

Question 58

The first large prisons to hold convicted criminals can be traced back to European dungeons of the Middle Ages.

Question 59

The tactics used to achieve correctional goals have shifted from one generation to the next.

Question 60

Sally is a new recruit in a state correctional academy class. She has no prior knowledge of the criminal justice system and has never been in a prison before. During the first week of class she learns the fundamentals of the criminal justice system and, specifically, the correctional system. If Sally graduates from the academy, she will end up working for the state that has the largest correctional population. Which state is this?

A)Alaska
B)California
C)Georgia
D)New York

Question 61

The ____________________ is the idea that punishing one person for his or her criminal acts will discourage others from committing similar acts.

Question 62

The philosophy of general deterrence focuses on the fact that individual offenders should learn firsthand that crime does not pay when they experience harsh criminal penalties.

Question 63

____________________ was the first English prison reformer.

Question 64

The ____________________ aspect of sentencing suggests that people who violate the law are "society's victims."

Question 65

The executive branch has the right to overturn or ban policies that are in conflict with constitutional rights.

Question 66

The ____________________ means that convicted offenders must pay back their victims for their loss, the justice system for costs related to processing their cases, and society for the disruptions caused because of their crimes.

Question 67

The U.S. prison population has increased nearly fivefold since 1980.

Question 68

The ____________________ was held in Cincinnati in 1870 to present progressive ideas about corrections.

Question 69

Some lasting contributions of the ____________________ are indeterminate sentences, the payment of inmates for work, the supervision of inmates in the community, and a system of behavior modification.

Question 70

The ____________________ was finished in 1829 and became a model for prisons in several European countries.

Question 71

The ____________________ goal of sentencing is designed to reintegrate the criminal offender back into the community.

Question 72

For African American children, one of every 14 has a parent behind bars on any given day.

Question 73

Identifying high-rate offenders and providing for their long-term incarceration is known as ____________________ .

Question 74

Incapacitation is based on being able to predict the future needs of the offender, not on the gravity of the current offense.

Question 75

Prison crowding leads to increased inmate defiance and makes prisons more dangerous.

Question 76

____________________ developed the "scamp" system at the Norfolk Prison colony in Virginia.

Question 77

A ____________________ is a prison in which persons found guilty of a felony are isolated from normal society.

Question 78

Government figures show that an African American male born today has a one in three chance of spending at least a year in prison at some point in his life.

Question 79

Houses of corrections run by local authorities to teach habits of industry to vagrants and idlers are known as ____________________ .

Question 80

According to the ____________________ philosophy, punishment is justified only when it conforms to what the guilty deserve, no more and no less.