Deck 5: Policing Contemporary Issues and Challenges

Question 1

Preventive patrol involves increased police presence in a community in order to reduce crime.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Evidence -based policing include police strategies and deployment of resources developed through examination of research in crime, social problems, and previously used strategies.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Acting in response to a notification about suspicious activity, a crime, a medical emergency, or other service need is the definition of proactive policing.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

A suspect who  shows no respect to an officer is less likely to be arrested than one who does.

Question 5

Polic e officer s who hav e th e public' s confidence are often more effective at their jobs.

Question 6

The clearance rate is the percentage of crimes the police have not yet solved and therefore still need to be "cleared."

Question 7

Police are mainly reactive because they are dependent on citizen calls for service in performing their duties.

Question 8

A  civilian review board is a citizens' committee formed to investigate complaints against the police.

Question 9

One criticism by police departments using CompStat is that it tends to decrease productivity.

Question 10

Violence between spouses or intimate partners is typically called domestic violence.

Question 11

A civilian review board is a branch of the police department that receives and investigates complaints alleging violation of rules and policies by officers.

Question 12

Most police patrols are still conducted on foot.

Question 13

Police use force infrequently.

Question 14

​ Use of force typically occurs when police are trying interrogate witnesses and the witnesses are either uncooperative or hostile.

Question 15

Police departments use a differential response system that assigns priorities to calls for service.

Question 16

Police officers are infrequently disciplined for their roles in events that produce injuries or questionable arrests.

Question 17

Proactive policing occurs when the police actively search for potential offenders without waiting for a crime to be reported.

Question 18

Criminal lawsuits authorized by a federal statute against state and local officials and local agencies when citizens have evidence that these officials or agencies have violated their federal constitutional rights are referred to as Section 1983 lawsuits.

Question 19

Hot spots are locations where crimes occur frequently.

Question 20

The application of force against individuals by police officers that violate either departmental policies or constitutional rights by exceeding the level of force permissible and necessary in a given situation is the definition of police brutality.

Question 21

​ Crisis Intervention Teams involve work between police departments and social service agencies to deal with special populations.

Question 22

Few local police departments are trained in homeland security issues.

Question 23

Higher level security managers are increasingly drawn from college graduates with degrees in criminal justice.

Question 24

Which of the following is not one of the five factors that officers must take into account when exercising discretion?

A) The nature of the crime
B) The relationship between the alleged criminal and victim
C) The relationship between the police and the criminal or victim
D) The rank of the responding officer
E) Prior criminal history

Question 25

Aggressive patrol is a form of patrolling that directs resources to known high-crime areas.

Question 26

Violent victimization that may occur between intimate partners, which frequently requires the use of officer discretion, is called:

A) policy violations.
B) domestic violence.
C) intimate reunions.
D) divorce intercession.
E) dating indescretions.

Question 27

The  Kansas City Preventative Patrol Experiment  is considered the most influential examination of the general deterrent effects of patrol on crime.

Question 28

Officers who participate in violations of law and departmental policy for personal gain are guilty of:

A) brutality.
B) the code of silence.
C) corruption.
D) disparity.
E) official conduct.

Question 29

Prosecutors have used anti-terrorism legislation to prosecute gang members for criminal activity.

Question 30

The application of force against individuals by police officers that violates either departmental policies or constitutional rights by exceeding the level of force permissible in a given situation is called:

A) less lethal force.
B) excessive use of force.
C) racial disparity.
D) profiling.
E) prejudice.

Question 31

Problem-oriented policing tries to find the underlying causes of crime.

Question 32

Municipal police are usually responsible for maintaining security in and around nuclear power plants, oil refineries, and military facilities.

Question 33

Aggressive patrol places a strain on police relations with African Americans and Hispanics.

Question 34

Which of the following is not one of the ways that police officers can break the law and disobey departmental policies?

A) Corruption
B) The use of discretion
C) Favoritism .
D) Discrimination
E) Failure to carry out their duties properly

Question 35

The community policing philosophy does not include community residents in decision making.

Question 36

Community crime prevention can be enhanced if government agencies and neighborhood organizations cooperate.

Question 37

The largest amount of an officer's time during a typical shift is spent on traffic control.

Question 38

Private firms are not allowed to hire public police officers.

Question 39

School resource officers are classified as special operations.

Question 40

Fusion centers were developed to encourage the use of community policing techniques.

Question 41

Most police work is reactive, which means that police primarily:

A) respond to citizen calls for service.
B) initiate actions in the absence of citizen requests.
C) operate according to "hunches."
D) stop crime before it happens.
E) focus on administrative tasks.

Question 42

The approach in which calls for service are the main instigators of police action is known as _________ policing.

A) clearance rate
B) aggressive patrol
C) proactive
D) preventive
E) incident-driven

Question 43

What approach to crime fighting uses detailed crime statistics and forces police supervisors to meet to plan goals for crime prevention purposes?

A) Crime Stat
B) Policeone
C) Crime Fighter Stat
D) Compstat
E) Crime Data

Question 44

CALEA is a nonprofit organization formed by major law enforcement executives' associations to:

A) develop standards for police policies and practices.
B) review police agencies.
C) award accreditation.
D) determine if standards are met.
E) all of these.

Question 45

Which statement regarding the police use of force is false?

A) Police use force infrequently.
B) Police use of force typically occurs in the lower end of the force spectrum and involves grabbing, pushing, or shoving.
C) Police use of force is frequent, but undocumented.
D) Use of force typically occurs when police are trying to make an arrest and the suspect is resisting.
E) ​Most officers in a typical career will use deadly force.

Question 46

The percentage of crimes that police believe they have solved through an arrest is called:

A) incident-driven policing.
B) clearance rate.
C) differential response.
D) line functions.
E) preventive patrol.

Question 47

The police function that includes the familiar sight of uniformed and armed officers on call 24 hours a day, also called the backbone of police operations, is the:

A) patrol.
B) desk sergeant.
C) shift commander.
D) beat cop.
E) captain.

Question 48

The approach to policing that involves assigning priorities to various calls for service is known as:

A) incident-driven policing.
B) clearance rate.
C) differential response.
D) line functions.
E) preventive patrol.

Question 49

Which of the following is an example of a proactive strategy to combat crime?

A) Responding to citizen calls for service
B) Responding to victimless crimes using a stakeout
C) Responding to citizens who approach an officer
D) Responding to a crime after the perpetrator has fled
E) Incident-driven policing

Question 50

Which of the following statements about measurements of police productivity is true?

A) Clearance rate is the most effective measure of police productivity.
B) Crime rate is the most effective measure of police productivity.
C) Clearance rate and crime rate together provide an accurate picture of police productivity.
D) Clearance rate and crime rate do not give an accurate picture of police productivity.
E) Police productivity can be accurately calculated using a city's population, crime level, and the size of the police force.

Question 51

Officers who partake in a wide range of practices, including abusive language, physical force, and/or violence, are guilty of:

A) police brutality
B) force projection
C) ​prejudice
D) ​profiling
E) ​force management

Question 52

Which of the following is not one of the techniques used to control the police?

A) Internal affairs units
B) Civilian review boards
C) Standards and accreditation
D) Civil liability lawsuits
E) Public shaming

Question 53

Officers who participate in widespread corruption, including drug smuggling and money laundering, are called:

A) grass eaters.
B) meat eaters.
C) code violators.
D) hazers.
E) payoff particpators.

Question 54

Officers who participate in small payoffs, such as exchanging money for not writing a ticket, are called:

A) grass eaters.
B) meat eaters.
C) code violators.
D) hazers.
E) payoff participators.

Question 55

A patrol strategy that assigns priorities to calls for service and chooses the appropriate response is called:

A) differential response.
B) research based.
C) evidence based.
D) incident driven.
E) evidence response.

Question 56

This type of policing involves examining social science studies regarding the nature of crime and social problems.

A) Differential response
B) Research based
C) Evidence based
D) Incident driven
E) Evidence response

Question 57

Which of the following is composed of active police officers?

A) Internal affairs units
B) Civilian review boards
C) Standards and accreditation boards
D) Civil liability lawsuits boards
E) Police review boards

Question 58

This unit of a police department receives and investigates complaints alleging violation of rules and policies by officers.

A) SWAT
B) Code violation officers
C) Internal affairs
D) Human resources department
E) External affairs

Question 59

The ________ board is the committee citizens form to investigate complaints against the police.

A) internal affairs
B) accreditation
C) community election
D) civilian review
E) private review

Question 60

Which statement regarding the police use of force is true?

A) Police use force infrequently.
B) Police use of force typically occurs in the upper end of the force spectrum and involves beating and maiming.
C) Police use of force is frequent, but undocumented.
D) Use of force typically occurs during the morning shift.
E) ​Use of force is rarely linked to other activities, such as making an arrest.

Question 61

Drug enforcement in large cities often combat organized crime and gangs involved in drug abuse with this type of patrol.

A) Preventative
B) Routine
C) Aggressive
D) Proactive
E) Reactive

Question 62

Preventive patrol emphasizes:

A) large numbers of arrests to control crime.
B) responding to 911 calls.
C) making police presence known.
D) fixing "broken windows."
E) order maintenance.

Question 63

In federal agencies, the work of special agents is most similar to that of:

A) vice officers.
B) SWAT officers.
C) patrol officers.
D) detectives.
E) dispatchers.

Question 64

Interpol was created in order to:

A) fight terrorism.
B) foster cooperation among the world's police forces.
C) implement community policing in the United States.
D) teach officers about the benefits of community policing.
E) improve policy-community relations around the world.

Question 65

According to a study of police officers in Wilmington, Delaware, _________ consumes the most time of an officer.

A) being on free patrol
B) doing crime-related activities
C) doing administrative tasks
D) being on traffic control
E) maintaining order

Question 66

What employees have taken an oath and been given powers by the state to make arrests and use necessary force in the commission of their duties?

A) Security officers
B) Communication officers
C) Sworn officers
D) Directed officers
E) Armed security

Question 67

Which of the following statements about the traffic regulation function of the police is true?

A) It is mostly reactive.
B) It is mostly proactive.
C) Its only major benefit is order maintenance.
D) It involves a limited use of discretion.
E) It is a major source of police income.

Question 68

Which classic study of a police department found that preventative patrol did not decrease crime, and forced many departments to redesign their crime fighting strategy?

A) Kansas City Preventative Patrol Experiment
B) Charlotte Preventative Patrol Experiment
C) Tampa Preventative Patrol Experiment
D) Oakland Preventative Patrol Experiment
E) CompStat

Question 69

Programs in which criminal justice officials cultivate relationships with and rely on assistance from citizens in preventing crime and apprehending offenders are:

A) community crime prevention.
B) community sanctions.
C) community prevention plans.
D) community crime pretense.
E) community proactive prevention.

Question 70

According to a study of police officers in Wilmington, Delaware, next to free patrol, officers spent most of their time:

A) doing service related tasks
B) doing crime-related activities
C) doing administrative tasks
D) being on traffic control
E) maintaining order

Question 71

Which of the following are run by states and large cities to analyze and facilitate sharing of information in order to assist law enforcement and homeland security agencies in preventing and responding to crime and terrorism threats?

A) Terror threat centers
B) Fusion centers
C) FBI's Anti-Terrorism Unit.
D) National Security Council
E) Interpol

Question 72

According to a study of police officers in Wilmington, Delaware, officers spend the least amount of their time:

A) traffic patrol
B) crime-related tasks
C) administrative work
D) free patrol
E) assisting with medical tasks

Question 73

Which of the following is a vice offense?

A) Assault
B) Traffic violations
C) Arson
D) Auto theft
E) Prostitution

Question 74

Th e jo b o f the ______ i s mainl y t o tal k to witnesses, suspects, and victims.

A) detective
B) patrol officer
C) prosecutor
D) bail bondsman
E) ​shift commander

Question 75

Which of the following is a central feature of community policing?

A) Reactive policing
B) Improved 911 response time
C) Problem solving
D) Crime control
E) Criminal investigation

Question 76

Community policing philosophies suggest that citizens should be viewed as:

A) criminals.
B) victims.
C) offenders.
D) customers.
E) complainants.

Question 77

Which type of police officers accounts for two-thirds of all sworn officers?

A) Detective
B) Traffic
C) Juvenile
D) Vice
E) Patrol

Question 78

At the time of its approval by Congress, which of the following wa s not a concern raised by critics about some of the provisions in the USA PATRIOT Act ?

A) The government's assertion of excessive power would violate individuals' rights.
B) The Act would jeopardize individual civil liberties.
C) That so-called "sneak-and-peek" warrants could lead to abuse
D) The Act provided authorization of warrantless searches of third-party records such as those at libraries
E) It would lead to the militarization of local police forces

Question 79

Making the police presence known, to deter crime and to make officers available to respond quickly to calls is characteristic of a(n) ______patrol.

A) preventative
B) routine
C) aggressive
D) proactive
E) reactive

Question 80

Which of the following is not part of the process of catching a suspect?

A) Comparing notes with the local FBI office
B) Detection of a crime
C) Preliminary investigation
D) Follow-up investigation
E) Clearance and arrest