Deck 6: Police and Law

Question 1

Police officers must be in marked police cars when making traffic stops.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

The Supreme Court ruled in Tennessee v. Garner (1985) that deadly force may not be used against an unarmed and fleeing suspect unless certain circumstances warrant it.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Borders and airports always allow searches without warrants.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Warrants are issued after the police clearly demonstrate reasonable suspicion.

Question 5

The plain view doctrine was initially discussed in Coolidge v. New Hampshire (1971).

Question 6

Consent searches occur when there is an immediate threat to public safety or the risk that evidence will be destroyed.  In a consent search , officers may search, arrest, or question suspects without obtaining a warrant or following other usual rules of criminal procedure.

Question 7

The legal test for determining the existence of probable cause is referred to as the totality of circumstances. ​

Question 8

In Terry v. Ohio (1968) the U.S. Supreme Court established the flexible "totality of circumstances" test for determining the existence of the probable cause.

Question 9

If a person is growing marijuana in plain sight of a passing police car, a police officer does not need a warrant to search and seize the evidence.

Question 10

Most stops must be supported by reasonable suspicion; an arrest or a search warrant must be supported by enough information to constitute
probable cause.

Question 11

There is no hard-and fast definition of probable cause that can be applied to every situation.

Question 12

Probable cause must be established before an arrest warrant is issued.

Question 13

"Stops" are defined as events that violate individuals' reasonable expectations of privacy.

Question 14

An affidavit is a written statement confirmed by oath or affirmation from the police officers.

Question 15

Police are not allowed to use deadly force on a fleeing suspect, even if officers believe the suspect poses a significant threat of death or serious harm to others.

Question 16

The clause protecting against unreasonable search and seizure is found in the Fifth Amendment.

Question 17

Both government officials and private citizens are empowered to make stops.

Question 18

A "general warrant" for searching many locations is the most common type of warrant issued.

Question 19

A consent search provides a valuable investigatory tool for officers.

Question 20

The majority of searches take place without a warrant.

Question 21

All illegally obtained evidence will be excluded from trial based upon the exclusionary rule.

Question 22

Even if a police officer is acting in the interests of public safety, he or she must obtain a warrant before searching an area.

Question 23

Warrantless searches often take place at the entry points into the United States, including border crossings, ports, and airports.

Question 24

Prior to Miranda , police officers in some instances would torture suspects until a confession was delivered.

Question 25

In Wolf v. Colorado (1949), the Supreme Court incorporated the Fourth Amendment.

Question 26

If a police officer is acting in good faith, then he/she may use evidence obtained through the use of a defective search warrant.

Question 27

The __________ Amendment guarantees citizens protection against "unreasonable search and seizure."

A) Fourth
B) Fifth
C) Sixth
D) Eighth
E) Fourteenth

Question 28

Police are allowed to use deception when interrogating a suspect.

Question 29

Miranda warnings were established by the Supreme Court in Weeks v. U.S. (1914).

Question 30

In Nix v. Williams (1984), the U. S. Supreme Court established the inevitable discovery exception to the exclusionary rule.

Question 31

Police officers must provide Miranda warnings if they approach someone on the street and begin questioning them.

Question 32

A situation in which a police officer uses his/her authority to deprive people of their liberty or property is called a:

A) search
B) seizure
C) entrapment
D) stop
E) hold

Question 33

Consent searches are unconstitutional under the Fourth Amendment.

Question 34

The Miranda warnings apply only to what are called custodial interrogations.

Question 35

The good faith exception can only be used in federal cases due to U.S. v. Leon (1984).

Question 36

A brief interference with a person's freedom of movement with a duration that can be measured in minutes is called a(n):

A) search.
B) stop.
C) arrest.
D) interrogation.
E) hold.

Question 37

Mapp v. Ohio (1961) applied the exclusionary rule to the state court system.

Question 38

Miranda warnings must be read to a suspect prior to interrogation.

Question 39

The term "reasonable expectation of privacy" is most relevant to which of the following police activities?

A) Search
B) Seizure
C) Arrest
D) Stop
E) Interrogation

Question 40

Miranda warnings must be issued in written form and signed or initialed by the suspect.

Question 41

A written statement of fact, supported by oath or affirmation and submitted to judicial officers to fulfill the requirements of probable cause for obtaining a warrant, is the definition of:

A) the totality of circumstances.
B) an affidavit.
C) probable cause.
D) reasonable suspicion.
E) a stop.

Question 42

The U.S. Supreme Court ruled in __________ that the totality of circumstance test should be used for determining the existence of probable cause.

A) Illinois v. Gates
B) Map v. Ohio
C) Roper v. Simmons
D) Hannity v. Patrick
E) Mapp v. Ohio

Question 43

When sufficient evidence is available to support the reasonable conclusion that a person has committed a crime, then a police officer may claim to have:

A) reasonable suspicion.
B) exigent circumstances.
C) probable cause.
D) justifiable intent.
E) permission to act.

Question 44

The phrase "no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized" may be found in which Amendment?

A) First
B) Fourth
C) Fifth
D) Sixth
E) Eighth

Question 45

Which of the following statements about search warrants is false?

A) Police officers must provide reliable information when obtaining a search warrant.
B) Police officers must identify the "things" to be searched.
C) Police officers are allowed to conduct warrantless searches under certain circumstances.
D) Police officers cannot admit evidence into court if they gather evidence using an illegal search warrant.
E) Police officers need a search warrant even if a person waives his or her Fourth Amendment rights.

Question 46

Excessive use of force violates the _________ Amendment?

A) First
B) Second
C) Third
D) Fourth
E) Fifth

Question 47

_______ ruled that police can systematically stop drivers in order to seek information.

A) Michigan Department of State Police v. Sitz
B) Illinois v. Lidster
C) Delaware v. Prouse
D) City of Indianapolis v. Edmond
E) Mapp v. Ohio

Question 48

In United States v. Jones (2012)  the Supreme Court decided:

A) to make it a  requirement for the police to seek search warrants, if possible, before taking involuntary blood tests from suspected drunk drivers.
B) police do not need a warrant to search a car.
C) ​ that placing a GPS tracking device on a drug suspect's car without a warrant is a search that falls under the rules of the Fourth Amendment.
D) that arrest, even on minor offenses, makes people subject to intrusive strip searches and body cavity inspections when they are placed in jail.
E) that drug-sniffing dogs cannot be brought to the front door of a home to seek evidence that will be used to get a search warrant.

Question 49

In what circumstance is the totality of circumstances used?

A) To determine whether an offender is guilty
B) To determine whether to indict a suspect
C) To determine whether probable cause exists
D) To determine whether police acted appropriately
E) To determine whether to Mirandize a suspect

Question 50

Police officers seeking a warrant must present a(n) ______ to a judge .

A) arrest
B) affidavit
C) affluence
D) affinity
E) testament

Question 51

The _________ doctrine permits officers to notice and use as evidence items that are visible to them when they are in a location that they are permitted to be.

A) plain view
B) public safety
C) exigent circumstances
D) stop and frisk
E) Miranda

Question 52

A flexible test established by the Supreme Court for identifying whether probable cause exists that permits the judge to determine whether the available evidence is both sufficient and reliable enough to issue a warrant is the definition of:

A) the totality of circumstances.
B) an affidavit.
C) probable cause.
D) reasonable suspicion.
E) a stop.

Question 53

Someone who places a personal diary in a locked drawer within a bedroom of her home has demonstrated:

A) conditional acceptance.
B) adverse conditions.
C) a reasonable expectation of privacy.
D) strict scrutiny.
E) permissible behavior.

Question 54

Which U.S. Supreme Court case ruled that deadly force may not be used against an unarmed and fleeing suspect unless necessary to prevent their escape and unless the officer has probable cause to believe that the suspect poses a significant threat of serious injury?

A) Miranda v. Arizona (1966)
B) Mapp v. Ohio (1961)
C) Tennessee v. Garner (1985)
D) Gideon v. Wainwright (1963)
E) Roper v. Simmons (2005)

Question 55

Illinois v. Gates (1983) is the U.S.Supreme Court decision that established that:

A) police officers must provide reliable information when obtaining a search warrant.
B) police officers must identify the "things" to be searched.
C) police officers are allowed to conduct warrantless searches under certain circumstances.
D) police officers cannot admit evidence into court if they gather evidence using an illegal search warrant.
E) the flexible  totality of circumstances  test for determining the  existence of the probable  cause needed for obtaining a  search warrant.

Question 56

A significant deprivation of liberty, involving taking a person into custody, transporting them to a police station or jail, and processing them into the criminal justice system, is called a(n):

A) search.
B) stop.
C) arrest.
D) interrogation.
E) hold.

Question 57

To obtain an arrest warrant, police must demonstrate:

A) reasonable expectation.
B) reasonable suspicion.
C) probable cause.
D) the exclusionary rule.
E) preponderance of the evidence.

Question 58

The majority of searches take place without:

A) a search.
B) a seizure.
C) a warrant.
D) an arrest.
E) permission.

Question 59

Which of the following is not a condition for the issuance of a warrant?

A) the existence of probable cause
B) the suspect must be informed of his/her rights
C) evidence must be presented to the judicial officer and be supported by "oath or affirmation,"
D) the warrant must describe the specific place to be searched
E) the warrant must describe the person or items to be seized

Question 60

In order for a stop to be permissible, officers must have:

A) reasonable suspicion.
B) probable cause.
C) legal insight.
D) preponderance of the evidence.
E) reasonable doubt.

Question 61

Terry v. Ohio endorsed:

A) warrantless searches for weapons.
B) victim's rights.
C) stop-and-frisk searches.
D) due process requirements.
E) witness safety procedures.

Question 62

Which would not permit a warrantless search?

A) Driving across the Canadian-U.S. border.
B) Sailing through a border seaport.
C) Suspicion of drugs in a known addict's apartment .
D) An international airport.
E) ​ Driving across the Mexican-U.S. border.

Question 63

A ________ search allows officers to conduct a permissible warrantless search of a person, vehicle, home, or location after receiving permission from the person in question.

A) no knock
B) consent
C) nonconsent
D) permissible
E) Terry

Question 64

The Supreme Court decision that endorsed warrantless searches for weapons and evidence in the immediate vicinity of people who are lawfully arrested was:

A) Florida v. Jardines  (2013).
B) Bailey v. United States (2013).
C) Chimel v. California (1969).
D) Maryland v. King (2013).
E) Florence v. Board of Chosen Freeholders (2012).

Question 65

When there is an immediate threat to public safety or the risk that evidence will be destroyed , officers may search, arrest, or question suspects without obtaining a warrant.  This is termed:

A) exigent circumstances.
B) the exclusionary rule.
C) due process.
D) totality of circumstances.
E) probable cause.

Question 66

In which U.S. Supreme Court case was it established that criminal defendants must be read their rights?

A) Mapp v. Ohio (1961)
B) Terry v. Ohio (1968)
C) Chimel v. California (1969)
D) Miranda v. Arizona (1966)
E) Maryland v. Wilson (1997)

Question 67

According to the Supreme Court, exigent circumstances might exist when:

A) officers believe they might find important evidence.
B) officers believe there is probable cause.
C) officers believe others might be in grave danger.
D) officers do not want to wait for a warrant.
E) officers are friendly with the suspects.

Question 68

_______ ruled that random stops by officers on patrol are not constitutional.

A) Michigan Department of State Police v. Sitz
B) Illinois v. Lidster
C) Delaware v. Prouse
D) City of Indianapolis v. Edmond
E) Mapp v. Ohio

Question 69

Which of the following types of searches is related to the search of an automobile?

A) Consent search.
B) Sobriety checkpoint.
C) Inventory search.
D) Plain view search.
E) Search incident to an arrest

Question 70

In which case did the Supreme Court endorse a police officer's authority to stop-and-frisk suspects on the streets when there is reasonable suspicion that they are armed and involved in criminal activity.

A) Florida v. Jardines  (2013)
B) Bailey v. United States (2013)
C) Terry v. Ohio (1968)
D) Maryland v. King (2013)
E) Florence v. Board of Chosen Freeholders (2012)

Question 71

In the case of U.S. v. Drayton (2002), the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that police officers:

A) must notify citizens they have the right to say "no" to a search.
B) must notify a citizen of his/her right against self-incrimination.
C) must notify a citizen of his/her right to an attorney.
D) are not obligated to notify citizens they have a right to say "no" to a search.
E) are not obligated to read citizens their rights prior to arrest.

Question 72

Terry v. Ohio endorsed stop-and-frisk searches to ensure _______.

A) officer safety
B) victim's rights
C) suspect rights
D) due process
E) witness safety

Question 73

According to ________, a suspect who, during a frisk, which is not justified by proper observation and reasonable suspicion , is found to be carrying drugs or weapons can seek to have the evidence excluded.

A) exigent circumstances
B) the exclusionary rule
C) due process
D) the totality of circumstances
E) probable cause

Question 74

Which of the following is not a required component of the Miranda warnings?

A) Notification that suspects have the right to an attorney during interrogation.
B) Notification that suspects have the right to remain silent.
C) Notification that any statement suspects make can be used against them in court.
D) Notification that the state will pay for an attorney if suspects cannot afford one.
E) Notification that suspects have the right to a speedy trial.

Question 75

Which of the following is not a way to legally conduct a search without a warrant?

A) Special needs search
B) Stop-and-frisk search
C) Automobile search
D) Supervisor enforced search
E) Witness statement search

Question 76

A "pat down" search is also known as a _________ search.

A) stop-and-frisk
B) Miranda
C) reasonable suspicion
D) totality of circumstances
E) plain view

Question 77

Which two decisions by the Court laid the foundation for Miranda v. Arizona (1966)?

A) Escobedo v. Illinois (1964) and Massiah v. U. S. (1964)
B) Mapp v. Ohio (1961) and Gideon v. Wainwright (1963)
C) Wolf v. Colorado (1949) and Mapp v. Ohio (1961)
D) Wolf v. Colorado (1949) and Rochin v. California (1952)
E) Maryland v. Wilson (1957) and Mapp v. Ohio (1961)

Question 78

Permissible warrantless search of a vehicle that has been impounded so that police can make a record of the items contained in the vehicle is known as a(n):

A) plain view search.
B) probable cause search.
C) inventory search.
D) seizure.
E) search incident to arrest.

Question 79

In ________, the Supreme Court endorsed warrantless searches for weapons and evidence in the immediate vicinity of people who are lawfully arrested.

A) Mapp v. Ohio
B) Terry v. Ohio
C) Chimel v. Ohio
D) Chimel v. California
E) Roper v. Simmons

Question 80

During a traffic stop, officers can order passengers as well as the driver to exit the vehicle, even if there is no basis for suspicion that the passengers engaged in any wrongdoing according to:

A) Carroll v. U.S. (1925)
B) Illinois v. Rodriguez (1990)
C) Maryland v. Wilson (1997)
D) Georgia v. Randolph (2006)
E) California v. Acevedo (1991)