Deck 11: Political Crime and Terrorism

Question 1

The __________________ is sometimes used to justify torture .

Answer 1

ticking bomb scenario

Question 2

The term __________________ is used to signify illegal acts that are designed to undermine an existing government and threaten its survival.

Answer 2

political crime

Question 3

Some political criminals are motivated by altruism or _________. They truly believe their crimes will benefit society and are willing to violate the law and risk punishment in order to achieve what they view as social improvement .

Answer 3

conviction

Question 4

Terrorists have an ________ focus and tend to operate in small bands.

Question 5

Regardless of the organizational structure used, most terrorist groups subdivide their affiliates into _________for both organizational and security purposes.

Question 6

An international fundamentalist Islamist organization known as _____________________ is comprised of independent and collaborative cells, whose goal is reducing Western influence on Islamic affairs.

Question 7

__________________is illegal interference with the process of an election .

Question 8

As the only crime contained therein, the U.S. Constitution defines _________ as levying war against the United States or "…adhering to their Enemies, giving them Aid and Comfort."

Question 9

The agency responsible for prevention terrorism within U.S. borders along with disaster relief in the wake of a terrorist attack is the ______________________.

Question 10

Terrorist groups that become involved in common-law crimes such as drug dealing and kidnapping, even selling nuclear materials, are known as _______________________.

Question 11

If someone engages in the crime of _________, that person obtains information about a government, organization, or society that is considered secret or confidential and does so without the permission of the holder of the information.

Question 12

_________  organizations are  composed of a large number of members who are located in rural areas .

Question 13

__________________involves groups that desire to impose their social and religious beliefs on others via the use of violence meant to influence, persuade, or intimidate.

Question 14

Rebecca Rubin is typical of people involved in left-leaning _______________ groups that are committed to the protection of the environment.

Question 15

The __________________of terrorist motivation describes the typical terrorist as an emotionally disturbed individual who acts out his or her psychoses within the confines of violent groups.

Question 16

__________________ are perpetrated by state authorities against the people they are supposed to serve.

Question 17

When spying involves corporations and the bribing of employees to reveal trade secrets, the crime is referred to as __________________.

Question 18

The Aryan Nation, the Posse Comitatus, and the Ku Klux Klan are all examples of _______________________ terrorist groups.

Question 19

The motivations behind political crimes may stem from _________ or _________ sources.

Question 20

These types of ___________________ terrorists,  use violence to frighten those in power and their supporters in order to replace the existing government with a regime that holds acceptable political or religious views.

Question 21

If a state environmental agency were to fail to enforce laws, resulting in the pollution of public waterways, it would be an example of what type of state political crime?

A) human rights violations
B) state violence
C) state corporate crime
D) political corruption

Question 22

Under English common law, treason was punishable by being "drawn and quartered." How do many nations punish treason today?

A) by life in prison
B) by imposing the death penalty
C) by deportation
D) by taking away one's citizenship

Question 23

Because the concept of political crime is highly subjective, people who some label as terrorists may be viewed by others as:

A) oppressors.
B) freedom fighters.
C) saviors.
D) dissidents.

Question 24

Which of the following involves spying on potential or actual enemies?

A) espionage
B) treason
C) fraud
D) secret sharing

Question 25

The use of torture was brought to attention in 2007 because of the CIA's routine use of which of the following techniques:

A) waterboarding
B) electric shock
C) hitting
D) interrogation

Question 26

Why is treason the only crime mentioned in the U.S. Constitution?

A) Because the legal codes of some colonies contained differing definitions of treason, the Constitution needed to provide a definition that ensured uniformity.
B) Because the legal codes of some colonies did not contain the crime of treason.
C) Because American colonists feared giving their central government the amount of power wielded by the English king.
D) All of the above.

Question 27

The "ticking bomb" scenario is used to justify what type of state political crime?

A) illegal imprisonment
B) torture
C) illegal domestic surveillance
D) waterboarding

Question 28

If a political criminal plots to overthrow an existing government and replace it with one that holds views he or she finds more acceptable, we would say that this criminal has ____ as a goal.

A) revolution
B) conviction
C) pseudo-conviction
D) profit

Question 29

Which goal of political criminals is to overthrow the existing government and replace it with one that holds their views?

A) revolution
B) pseudo-conviction
C) conviction
D) revolution

Question 30

Which goal of political criminals hopes to conceal conventional criminal motivations behind a mask of conviction and altruism?

A) revolution
B) pseudo-conviction
C) conviction
D) revolution

Question 31

Which is the goal of political criminals who are motivated by altruism and truly believe their crimes will benefit society and are willing to violate the law and risk punishment in order to achieve what they see as social improvement?

A) revolution
B) pseudo-conviction
C) conviction
D) revolution

Question 32

The __________________, passed in 2001, provided new powers to domestic law enforcement and international intelligence agencies in an effort to fight terrorism. This legislation expanded all traditional tools of surveillance .

Question 33

An act that is intended to disrupt and change the government and is not merely a common-law crime committed for greed or egotism is:

A) espionage.
B) terrorism.
C) fraud.
D) election fraud.

Question 34

During the Iraq war, the term ___ began to be used to describe the forces opposed to American involvement.

A) revolutionary
B) terrorist
C) insurgent
D) guerilla

Question 35

Which of the following is a political crime perpetrated by state authorities against the people they are supposed to serve?

A) Government crime
B) Official crime
C) Political crime
D) State political crime

Question 36

In the ______ stage of the cognitive process of becoming a political criminal, the individual concludes that the undesirable condition is a product of injustice-that is, it does not apply to everyone.

A) "It's not right."
B) "You're evil."
C) "It's your fault."
D) "It's not fair."

Question 37

Affecting vote counts to bring about a desired election outcome, is an example of:

A) election fraud.
B) voting fraud.
C) vote tampering.
D) election swaying.

Question 38

The Department of Homeland Security is responsible for securing our nation's borders and transportation systems, which
include __________________  ports of entry.

Question 39

In a 5-4 decision, the Supreme Court held that prisoners had the right to_________________ under the U.S. Constitution and that their arguments could be heard in the federal courts.

Question 40

Which of the following refers to an act of disloyalty to one's nation or state?

A) espionage
B) treason
C) fraud
D) secret sharing

Question 41

Stalin was able to carry out his reign of terror in Russia because his victims were viewed as state enemies who were trying to undermine the Communist regime. This is an example of ____________ terrorism.

A) ​state-sponsored
B) ​dictator-fueled
C) ​concentric zone
D) ​political

Question 42

Most terrorist organizations operate:

A) in terror cells.
B) together in a centralized location.
C) across a small geographical area.
D) in the same pod.

Question 43

_________terrorists use violence to frighten those in power and their supporters in order to replace the existing government with a regime that holds acceptable political or religious views.

A) Retributive
B) Political
C) Revolutionary
D) State-sponsored

Question 44

Some terrorists, like the Tsarnaev brothers, were motivated by extreme __________, which often coincides with ideological views.

A) ​religious beliefs
B) ​status frustration
C) ​peer pressure
D) ​debt

Question 45

This type of terrorist group uses violence to frighten those in power with the aim of replacing the existing government with a regime that holds acceptable political or religious views.

A) nationalist terrorists
B) political terrorists
C) revolutionary terrorists
D) retributive terrorists

Question 46

The Earth Liberation Front (ELF) and the Animal Liberation Front (ALF) are examples of what type of terrorist group?

A) retributive terrorists
B) cult terrorists
C) nationalist terrorists
D) eco-terrorists

Question 47

Which of the following is not a specifically assigned mission of the Department of Homeland Security (DHS)?

A) preventing terrorist attacks within the United States
B) reducing America's vulnerability to terrorism
C) expanding surveillance of cyberspace to identify terrorists
D) minimizing the damage and recovery from terrorist attacks that occur

Question 48

The term _____ terrorism means terrorism involving citizens or the territory of more than one country.

A) political
B) domestic
C) global
D) international

Question 49

_____ were Hebrew warrior groups who were active during the Roman occupation of Palestine during the first century.

A) Terrorists
B) Zealots
C) Insurgence
D) Guerrillas

Question 50

During World War II, those who expressed resistance to the occupying German troops were considered ______ by other Germans.

A) freedom fighters
B) heroes
C) terrorists
D) insurgents

Question 51

______ use violence to frighten those in power and their supporters in order to replace the existing government with a regime that holds acceptable political or religious views.

A) Freedom fighters
B) Revolutionary terrorists
C) Guerrillas
D) Insurgents

Question 52

A nation whose government has lost control of its own territory, is unable to provide public services and protection, and lacks the ability to interact with other states as a full member of the international community is known as a/an:

A) ​failed state.
B) ​dropout factory.
C) ​terrorist factory.
D) ​alienation.

Question 53

The USA Patriot Act, enacted after the terrorist attacks of September 11th:

A) gave sweeping new powers to domestic law enforcement and international intelligence agencies.
B) provided funding for an increased military presence in the Middle East.
C) outraged the majority of American citizens, who demanded its immediate repeal.
D) failed to include a provision to allow for the monitoring of cable-based records and systems

Question 54

Which of the following countries is not one of the three that is responsible for more than 50% of all terrorist acts?

A) ​Ukraine
B) ​Iraq
C) ​Pakistan
D) ​Afghanistan

Question 55

Domestic terrorist groups such as white supremacists and religious revolutionists are members of which type of terrorist group?

A) right-wing
B) left-wing
C) modern
D) morality

Question 56

Al-Qaeda is a _____ terror organization that believes there is a war of civilizations in which "Jews and Crusaders" want to destroy Islam and must therefore be defeated.

A) retributive
B) nationalist
C) revolutionary
D) political

Question 57

Critics of the USA Patriot Act are concerned that it erodes:

A) international support.
B) economic stability.
C) military operations.
D) civil rights.

Question 58

Another explanation for terrorist activity is that a lack of opportunity creates a sense of _________that motivates men and women to embrace terrorism.

A) ​alienation
B) ​discomfort
C) ​revenge
D) ​frustration

Question 59

Policy experts suggest that an effective way to deal with terrorism is to:

A) Increase military presence in countries known to harbor terrorists.
B) Undermine support for terrorism by being a benevolent nation-builder that gives aid to nations housing terror groups.
C) Cut terrorist access to the Internet and other forms of communications and message dissemination.
D) Make greater use of military law to convict and sentence apprehended terrorists.

Question 60

Political crime undermines existing governments and threatens their survival.

Question 61

Classic examples of ideological rebellions are the French Revolution and the Russian Revolution.

Question 62

Robert Hanssen, a former counterintelligence agent for the FBI, is a famous example of high profile Americans committing the crime referred to as espionage.

Question 63

The Department of Homeland Security monitors all of the five primary areas of counterterrorism and terrorism prevention except biological and chemical weapons, which falls under the job requirements for the Director of National Intelligence.

Question 64

Until 1996, there was no federal statute that explicitly penalized industrial espionage .

Question 65

The victims of public corruption are the general public, who pay for corruption through inflated costs and sometimes higher taxes.

Question 66

Former Congressman Jesse L. Jackson Jr. was sentenced to 30 months in prison for conspiring to defraud his reelection campaigns as part of a political corruption investigation.

Question 67

The word terrorist is often used interchangeably with the word guerilla , but the meanings of the terms are quite different.

Question 68

Terrorism usually involves a type of political crime that emphasizes violence as a mechanism to promote change.

Question 69

Voter or election fraud is a contemporary crime with its roots in recently formed third-world countries.

Question 70

The crime of treason is one of several specifically mentioned in the U.S. Constitution.

Question 71

The Cambridge Five, like Aldrich and Rosario Ames, engaged in the political crime of espionage.

Question 72

During the Vietnam War, the term insurgent began to be used to describe the forces opposed to American involvement.

Question 73

The Supreme Court has held that indefinite detention is constitutionally unacceptable, that terrorists are entitled to process their cases through the court system, and that terrorists are eligible for habeas corpus protection.

Question 74

State-sponsored terrorists who are willing to kill or maim their fellow citizens are unlikely to be deterred because of their unquestionable committed to their higher authority.

Question 75

The ideological view of terrorist motivation suggests that terrorists may be motivated by feelings of alienation from friends, family, and society.

Question 76

Waterboarding involves immobilizing a person on his or her back, with the head inclined downward, and pouring water over the face and into the breathing passages .

Question 77

Some political criminals are motivated by altruism or a person's convictions.

Question 78

Terrorists typically have a rural focus, while guerillas typically have an urban focus.

Question 79

The majority of research on terrorists indicates that most terrorists are psychologically abnormal, thus supporting the psychological view of terrorist motivation.

Question 80

The Civil Rights section of Title 18 of the federal criminal code protects the right of all citizens to vote and campaign for office.