Deck 16: Computer Graphics and Entertainment: Movies, Games, and Virtual Communities

Question 1

Conditions in the computing environment changed dramatically in the late 1960s due to the development of ________ and integrated circuits.

A)parallel CPUs
B)dedicated GPUs
C)transistors
D)silicon chips

Answer 1

C

Question 2

A point or axis used to control the motion of an object is called a key point. _________________________

Answer 2

False

Question 3

CBS used the UNIVAC I to predict the outcome of the 1952 presidential election.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

A movie is an interactive environment.

Question 5

In 1952, a UNIVAC I cost $100 million.

Question 6

Stop-motion special effects were first used in fantasy, adventure, and science-fiction movies of the 1940s.

Question 7

On March 31, 1952, the UNIVAC I was delivered to the ____.

A)U.S. Army
B)U.S. Census Bureau
C)Atomic Energy Commission
D)General Electric

Question 8

In 1965, Digital Equipment Corp. (DEC)rolled out the _______, the world's first "minicomputer."

A)UNIVAC II
B)DEC Mark IV
C)JDI Force
D)PDP-8

Question 9

The first commercially marketed computer was the UNIVAC I manufactured by _____________.

A)Remington Rand
B)International Business Machines (IBM)
C)Hewlitt-Packard
D)Dedicated Electronic Logical Logarithms (DELL)

Question 10

Since a GPU does not have to do general-purpose computing, only image processing, its instruction set can be optimized to perform the specific operations needed by CGI. _________________________

Question 11

Using information technology to amuse, fascinate, and frighten is still viewed as a waste of time by most people.

Question 12

Culls are fully modeled and fully rendered objects stored in a video library in video memory. _________________________

Question 13

With a GPU, all imaging responsibilities are offloaded from the GPU to the CPU.

Question 14

Using computers for entertainment had by the early 1980s become an important, not to mention financially lucrative, industry and that growth has continued unabated.

Question 15

In an MMOG, the system must simply ensure that all users adhere to the rules of the game, not the legality of the operations.

Question 16

By the mid-1990s, computer hardware could handle the computational demands required to create realistic three-dimensional images.

Question 17

Atari released its first product in 1975, an arcade game called ____.

A)Ping
B)Tetris
C)Pong
D)Frogger

Question 18

The process of "move the model, shoot a frame" was repeated thousands of times when filming King Kong .

Question 19

The server software that creates the MMOG world is always running and always available, and it always remembers the current state of every player. _________________________

Question 20

Rotation is the lateral (up, down, right, left, in, out)movement of every point in an object by the same amount and in the same direction. _________________________

Question 21

____________________ is an important feature of MMOGs, which must keep track of each user's activity to ensure that his or her actions do not incorrectly or inappropriately affect the actions of other players.

Question 22

A noncompetitive MMOG is sometimes called a ____.

A)nanoverse
B)metaverse
C)miniverse
D)microverse

Question 23

In stop-motion animation, a single photograph is called a ____.

A)frame
B)block
C)unit
D)cell

Question 24

____ games allow a large number of players, often thousands or tens of thousands, to interact, form groups, and compete against one another within a simulated virtual world.

A)MMPRG
B)MMRPG
C)MMORG
D)MMOG

Question 25

Using a CGI technique called keyframing, a human animator only needs to produce only the _________ in a sequence, and the elapsed time.

A)central cells (CC)
B)wire-frame
C)first and last frame
D)Prolog algorithm

Question 26

The most widely used and well-known _______ is Second Life, a virtual world created by Linden Labs in 2003.

A)omniverse
B)metaverse
C)multiverse
D)virtualverse

Question 27

Users log on to the MMOG game server whenever they wish, using ____ software running on their home computer or laptop.

A)client
B)server
C)servlet
D)hosting

Question 28

____ are fully modeled and fully rendered objects stored in a video library in video memory.

A)Cut-outs
B)Cut-ins
C)Block-ins
D)Block-outs

Question 29

Typically, a(n)____ has its own dedicated random-access memory where it stores its image data and which is separate from primary memory.

A)CPU
B)PPU
C)GPU
D)MPU

Question 30

____________________ algorithms follow millions (or billions)of light rays from their source to an object's surface and any subsequent reflections can produce truly lifelike images and take minutes or hours to render a single frame.

Question 31

King Kong's movements in the 1933 film were created using a manual technique called ____.

A)CGI
B)film overlay
C)skip-motion animation
D)stop-motion animation

Question 32

____________________ means taking an object stored as a mathematical model and converting it into a fully formed, visually pleasing three-dimensional image.

Question 33

In a(n)____________________, there are thousands or millions of users simultaneously accessing dozens or hundreds of game servers across multiple communication channels.

Question 34

The sequence of operations that must be completed successfully to produce a realistic three-dimensional image sequence is termed the ____.

A)graphics streamline
B)graphics pipeline
C)graphics mode
D)graphics perspective

Question 35

In the technique known as ____, first it is determined which planes can be seen from the user's point of view, based on location and opaqueness, and then only those objects visible in the next frame are rendered, omitting all operations on hidden surfaces.

A)culling
B)clicking
C)slicing
D)striping

Question 36

The world in which the MMOG action takes place is created and managed by special computers called ____.

A)game hosts
B)game servers
C)game clients
D)game servlets

Question 37

In CGI, the abstract concept of motion is defined in terms of matrix ____________________, an algorithmic operation easily programmed on a computer.

Question 38

The branch of computer graphics that studies methods for creating images at a rate matching that of the real world is called ____.

A)just-in-time graphics
B)real-time graphics
C)new world graphics
D)real-world graphics

Question 39

A GPU executes instructions in parallel with the ________, the main processor, and carries out all graphics operations including modeling, motion, rendering, and display.

A)CPU
B)NPU
C)PGU
D)GIPU

Question 40

____ is a rapidly growing area of computer and biological science research in which computers and graphics software are used to produce highly accurate two- and three-dimensional images of the human body.

A)Medical processing
B)Medical imaging
C)Virtual medicine
D)Visual medicine

Question 41

What is a noncompetitive MMOG? How is it different from other MMOGs?

Question 42

What are some manual techniques used for special effects? How and why are some manual techniques being enhanced or replaced by CGI?

Question 43

Explain the animation technique used in the 1933 film King Kong .

Question 44

What is the operative principal in producing video game images?

Question 45

What is the first step in generating a realistic three-dimensional image?

Question 46

How are graphics operations handled in the absence of a GPU?

Question 47

List at least three of the technical problems that must be solved by the designers of MMOGs.

Question 48

What is rigid motion, and what are the types of rigid motion?

Question 49

Discuss in detail the importance of using culling and cut-ins during the CGI process. How does this save processor power?

Question 50

Distinguish movies from video games in terms of their interactive environments.