Deck 5: Theories of Learning

Question 1

When a student has learned something so well that the performance becomes subconscious and requires little processing effort, this is referred to as

A)decoding.
B)problem solving.
C)metacognition.
D)information processing.
E)automaticity.

Answer 1

E

Question 2

Functional behavioral assessment is related to which theory?

A)Information-processing theory
B)Cognitive theory
C)Developmental theory
D)Motor theory
E)Behavioral theory

Answer 2

E

Question 3

The definition of learning disabilities in the Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act-2004 contains the concept of

A)maturational lag.
B)metacognition.
C)behavioral analysis.
D)disorders of psychological processing.
E)None of these.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Which model traces the flow of knowledge and memory in the person's mind as the individual learns and thinks?

A)Behavioral
B)Developmental
C)Effective teaching
D)Information-processing
E)Reinforcement theory

Question 5

Mr. Roberts relates the ideas in his social studies class through a diagram he draws with his students on the chalkboard. This diagram helps students see the relationship among the ideas. This technique is

A)a graphic organizer.
B)drill and practice.
C)verbal rehearsal.
D)automaticity.
E)cognitive behavior modification.

Question 6

According to Piaget, the average child is capable of abstract thinking by what age?

A)5
B)7
C)9
D)12
E)17

Question 7

Name the psychologist who is credited with describing the developmental stages of children's cognitive development and who formulated the theory that the thinking of children is different from that of adults.

A)Bloom
B)Skinner
C)Feuerstein
D)Piaget
E)Gagné

Question 8

Beginning instruction at the appropriate difficulty level refers to

A)the zone of proximal development.
B)psychological processing disorders.
C)interactive dialogues.
D)metacognition.
E)developmental variations.

Question 9

Allan learned a subtraction fact because he was able to build upon an addition fact he already knew. This is an example of learning through

A)a mnemonic device.
B)drill and practice.
C)positive reinforcement.
D)contingency contracting.
E)adding to prior knowledge.

Question 10

The term "learned helplessness" describes students who approach learning tasks in what manner?

A)Actively
B)Passively
C)Reflectively
D)Inquisitively
E)Independently

Question 11

The term direct instruction is related to which theory of learning?

A)Developmental
B)Behavioral
C)Cognitive
D)Psychoanalysis
E)Social theory

Question 12

Willie was not paying attention while his teacher first explained the homework assignment. He has a problem with the first phase of the memory system, which is

A)long-term memory.
B)the sensory register.
C)working memory.
D)short-term memory.
E)retrieval.

Question 13

Many students with learning disabilities and related mild disabilities have characteristics of passive and dependent learners. This is referred to as

A)metacognitive learning.
B)discovery learning.
C)learned helplessness.
D)active learning.
E)maturational lag.

Question 14

Which term suggests that there are differences in the rate of development in different areas of learning within an individual?

A)Explicit teaching
B)Behavioral analysis
C)Developmental variations
D)Executive control
E)Metacognition

Question 15

Beth has learned the 5's tables through several of the stages of learning. She can now apply them to other situations. What stage is this?

A)Independence
B)Exposure
C)Grasping the knowledge
D)Application
E)Sensorimotor

Question 16

When Juan completed 10 arithmetic problems, he received 5 points. In terms of the Behavioral Unit, the points are

A)the antecedent event.
B)the target behavior.
C)the consequent event.
D)the stimulus event.
E)None of these.

Question 17

The explanation that many children fail because they have not yet attained the readiness for learning is related to which psychological theory?

A)Developmental
B)Behavioral
C)Psychological processing
D)Information-processing
E)None of these.

Question 18

The psychologist who is considered the father of behavioral psychology and credited with reinforcement theory is

A)Skinner.
B)Feuerstein.
C)Vygotsky.
D)Piaget.
E)Kirk.

Question 19

Being able to direct and plan one's thinking strategies for efficient learning is referred to as

A)metacognition.
B)automaticity.
C)learned helplessness.
D)passive learning.
E)maturational lag.

Question 20

The definition of learning disabilities that includes disorders in basic psychological processes comes from

A)IDEA-2004.
B)Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act.
C)the National Joint Committee on Learning Disabilities.
D)the Interagency Committee on Learning Disabilities.
E)DSM-IV-R.

Question 21

A graphic organizer is a

A)a Venn diagram
B)a word web
C)a concept map
D)mind mapping
E)All of these.

Question 22

Which theory of learning examines the normal stages of learning in typical children?

A)Effective teaching
B)Information-processing
C)Metacognitive
D)Behavioral
E)Developmental

Question 23

Which learning theory highlights the importance of prior knowledge and the need to construct one's own knowledge?

A)Cognitive
B)Information-processing
C)Behavioral analysis
D)Maturational lag
E)Developmental

Question 24

People who are efficient learners

A)ask themselves questions.
B)practice and rehearse the material to be learned.
C)organize the material to help themselves remember.
D)try to connect what they are learning to what they already know.
E)All of these.

Question 25

The terms scaffolding, prior knowledge, and constructing one's own knowledge are part of which theory of learning?

A)Behavioral
B)Developmental
C)Cognitive
D)Information-processing
E)Behavioral analysis

Question 26

For information to be remembered for an extended period of time, it must be placed in

A)the sensory register.
B)departmentalized memory.
C)long-term memory.
D)short-term memory.
E)working memory.

Question 27

The idea that learning occurs in a social context and that the relationship between an adult and the student is an important element is attributed to the learning theory of

A)Piaget.
B)Vygotsky.
C)Skinner.
D)Bloom.
E)Dewey.

Question 28

For some tasks, knowledge must be habitual and subconscious, requiring little processing effort. This type of knowledge is called

A)problem solving.
B)constructive knowledge.
C)automaticity.
D)metacognitive thinking.
E)active thinking.

Question 29

What are the three branches of psychology that have implications for learning disabilities and related mild disabilities?

Question 30

The early development of behavioral psychology is attributed to

A)Skinner.
B)Piaget.
C)Vygotsky.
D)Dewey.
E)Bloom.

Question 31

In the "ABC" Behavioral Unit in behavioral psychology, the "reinforcement" is the

A)antecedent event.
B)target behavior.
C)consequent event.
D)stimulus.
E)cognitive event.

Question 32

In the information-processing model, executive control is also called

A)the sensory register.
B)working memory.
C)metacognition.
D)episodic memory.
E)long-term memory.

Question 33

Which theory suggests that learning failure occurs because students are expected to perform skills for which they have not developed readiness?

A)Behavioral
B)Psychological processing
C)Direct instruction
D)Developmental
E)Cognitive behavior modification

Question 34

Vygotsky proposed that for successful student learning, teachers must determine the appropriate level of difficulty for teaching. This theory is called

A)the zone of proximal development (ZPD)theory.
B)reinforcement theory.
C)behavioral analysis.
D)psychodynamic theory.
E)mastery learning theory.

Question 35

Piaget's theory suggests that the average child is capable of abstract thinking by age

A)2 years.
B)8 years.
C)12 years.
D)15 years.
E)18 years.

Question 36

Whose theory emphasizes the social context of learning and the importance of the relationship between an adult and the student?

A)Bloom
B)Dewey
C)Piaget
D)Vygotsky
E)Skinner

Question 37

What is the name of the Swiss developmental psychologist who formulated the theory that cognitive abilities of children change as they mature?

Question 38

All of the following are steps in behavioral analysis except

A)setting goals and objectives.
B)providing carefully sequenced materials.
C)providing many opportunities to practice the skill.
D)giving students immediate feedback and correction.
E)determining the child's underlying deficit processing skills.

Question 39

Functional behavioral assessment is related to which theory?

A)Cognitive
B)Developmental
C)Behavioral
D)Learning strategies
E)Information-processing

Question 40

According to Piaget, children learn mainly through their senses and motor movements at ages

A)birth-2 years.
B)2-4.
C)5-8.
D)8-11.
E)over age 12.

Question 41

Describe the components of the Behavioral Unit in behavioral psychology and the implications for students with learning disabilities and related mild disabilities.

Question 42

What are three parts of the Behavioral Unit or the ABC model in behavioral psychology?

Question 43

What instructional practices stem from behavioral psychology?

Question 44

Name three memory types of the information-processing model.

Question 45

Describe three memory systems in the information-processing model and the implications for teaching students with learning disabilities and related mild disabilities.

Question 46

Discuss Piaget's stages of cognitive development and the implications for students with learning disabilities and related mild disabilities.