Deck 10: Toward an American Culture

Question 1

The religious leader who believed that the Earth would be destroyed in 1844 was

A) Brigham Young.
B) Joseph Smith.
C) William Miller.
D) Mathias.
E) John Noyes.

Answer 1

William Miller.

Question 2

Which of the following were most likely to be postmillennialists?

A) evangelicals
B) Baptists
C) Methodists
D) Disciples of Christ
E) Anglicans

Answer 2

evangelicals

Question 3

The most popular form of theater among nineteenth-century Americans was

A) Shakespearean dramas.
B) Sir Walter Scott romances.
C) minstrel shows.
D) burlesque shows.
E) opera.

Answer 3

minstrel shows.

Question 4

In regards to slavery, in the late eighteenth century evangelical preachers

A) encouraged its expansion.
B) called for the removal of slaves from the United States.
C) called for the freeing of slaves.
D) generally avoided the subject.
E) justified it through Scripture.

Question 5

White southerners justified the institution of slavery with each of the following religious arguments except

A) Jesus never criticized slavery.
B) slaves were the descendants of Ham and deserved enslavement.
C) slavery had given African Americans Christianity.
D) the Epistles of Paul urged slaves to obey their masters.
E) slavery was a gift to God.

Question 6

The large revivals in the northern United States most affected the values and beliefs of the

A) working class.
B) middle class.
C) upper class.
D) poverty stricken.
E) African Americans

Question 7

The most widely read novelist in the United States before the publication of Uncle Tom's Cabin was

A) Nathaniel Hawthorne.
B) Herman Melville.
C) Harriet Beecher Stowe.
D) Susan Warner.
E) Walt Whitman.

Question 8

The first mass-circulation magazine for women was

A) Woman's Day.
B) Good Housekeeping.
C) Godey 's Ladies Book.
D) Family Circle.
E) New Yorker.

Question 9

After 1830, there was a concerted effort by whites towards slaves to

A) disregard their spirituality.
B) argue blacks had no souls.
C) eliminate black churches.
D) prevent them from hearing sermons about freedom.
E) Christianize them.

Question 10

The national culture that developed after the 1830s included all of the following elements except

A) republicanism.
B) capitalism.
C) abolitionism.
D) Protestantism.
E) paternalism

Question 11

By the 1830s, most of the responsibility for child-rearing in northern homes rested with

A) fathers.
B) mothers.
C) the school.
D) the church.
E) the servants.

Question 12

The founder of Mormonism, born in upstate New York in the early nineteenth century, was

A) Brigham Young.
B) William Miller.
C) Mathias.
D) Joseph Smith.
E) Sylvester Graham.

Question 13

Which of the following would be an accurate description of a nineteenth-century revivalist's message to a northern religious revival?

A) Men and women had no power over their own salvation.
B) Most men and women were destined to everlasting eternal life.
C) Most men and women were damned to eternal hell.
D) The end of the world was nigh.
E) Men and women were moral free agents.

Question 14

The first full-blown camp meeting held in Cane Ridge, Kentucky in 1801 did not include

A) Methodists.
B) Baptists.
C) Presbyterians.
D) Lutherans.
E) all of these choices

Question 15

The new, northern middle class of the early nineteenth century would best be described as

A) country merchants, master craftsmen, and market-oriented farmers.
B) mill workers, journeymen, and wage-laborers.
C) tenant farmers, day laborers, and outworkers.
D) factory workers and small farmers.
E) plantation owners.

Question 16

During the early nineteenth century, the birthrate among northern middle-class mothers

A) increased.
B) decreased.
C) remained the same.
D) is impossible to determine because few accurate records survive.
E) none of these choices

Question 17

The author of Uncle Tom's Cabin was

A) Harriet Beecher Stowe.
B) Lydia Maria Child.
C) Catherine Beecher.
D) Sarah Josepha Hale.
E) Nathaniel Hawthorne.

Question 18

The American theater could best be described as

A) quiet and orderly.
B) loud and sometimes violent.
C) egalitarian.
D) an upper class phenomenon.
E) unorganized.

Question 19

For the most part, the domesticity novels written by women during the mid-nineteenth century were

A) frivolous fairy tales.
B) subversive attacks on the power relations in society.
C) sentimental pastimes of little import.
D) political calls for revolution.
E) stories that supported the power structure.

Question 20

The spiritualism of the emerging "Bible Belt" developed primarily from what element of southern society?

A) poor whites
B) gentry
C) slaves
D) elderly
E) planter class

Question 21

The middle class was a product of

A) industrialization and a market economy.,
B) a strong agrarian society.
C) a religious revival.
D) strong attachments to ideas of honor and the family.
E) all of these choices

Question 22

Southern evangelicalism rested on all of the following beliefs except

A) the desire to change the world.
B) the belief God killed people.
C) that sinful behavior should be punished.
D) the imperfection of humans.
E) the sovereignty of God.

Question 23

In the early nineteenth century, sentimental novels outsold

A) Walt Whitman's Leaves of Grass.
B) Herman Melville' s Moby Dick.
C) Henry David Thoreau's Walden.
D) Nathaniel Hawthorne's Scarlett Letter.
E) all of these choices

Question 24

When working class American audiences found theater productions too sophisticated for their tastes,

A) they walked out of the theater.
B) they began producing their own plays.
C) they resorted to mob violence.
D) they refused to attend the productions.
E) the theatres were closed.

Question 25

In post-revolutionary America the most important social and political distinction was based on

A) heads of households and those who were their dependents.
B) race.
C) education.
D) family heritage.
E) gender.

Question 26

The "yellow backed" fiction and penny press publications

A) portrayed a benign world in which good always triumphed over evil.
B) were popular with women readers because of the strong, morally superior female characters in the stories.
C) used graphic violence and sexual perversion to attract customers.
D) were designed to appeal to well-educated, sophisticated, upper-class readers.
E) appealed only to immigrants.

Question 27

With the rise of middle class culture, child rearing practices changed in that

A) servants assumed the primary responsibilities for teaching morals and faith.
B) children were strictly raised with fear and punishment.
C) children received more attention from their mothers.
D) older children were expected to be the primary caregivers of younger children.
E) fathers played a greater role than previous generations in the raising of children.

Question 28

During the early nineteenth century, the social distinctions based on gender

A) increased.
B) decreased.
C) stayed the same.
D) show significant change only in New England.
E) show significant change only in the deep South.

Question 29

In the south, evangelicals

A) challenged the social hierarchy.
B) held that social roles were made by God.
C) criticized the patriarchal family.
D) claimed the social hierarchy was in need of constant change.
E) all of these choices

Question 30

The "plain people" of the North all shared similar characteristics and

A) were culturally conservative.
B) included urban wage laborers.
C) embraced reformist religion.
D) rejected the father-centered family.

Question 31

The popular literature of the 1830s

A) was often written by women for women.
B) characterized women as weak, helpless, and fragile.
C) first introduced the male dominated action-adventure story to the public.
D) consisted of newspapers and magazines.
E) was not widely circulated.

Question 32

After 1830, American national culture

A) did not really exist.
B) was predominantly elitist and Roman Catholic.
C) was defined by expansion, slavery, and a market economy.
D) was heavily influenced by immigration from eastern and southern Europe.
E) included numerous regional, economic, and racial subcultures.

Question 33

The "Burned-Over District" referred to

A) the impact of the market revolution on the North.
B) the site of fiery revivals during the Second Great Awakening.
C) the place where the Millerites believed the world would come to an end.
D) a wave of slave revolts across the South.
E) God's predicted coming wrath.

Question 34

Evangelicals such as Charles Colcock Jones believed that slaves

A) should not be a part of organized faiths.
B) should be encouraged to rebel.
C) could have significant spiritual worth.
D) needed to be freed in order to be saved.
E) could not be saved.

Question 35

The Second Great Awakening was different from the First Great Awakening in that it

A) shifted from predestination to the ability of people to change and improve their world.
B) reached out to the masses of people, including women.
C) featured lay preachers.
D) was especially attractive to transplanted New Englanders
E) had its greatest success in the South.

Question 36

Which of the following is true of early boxing matches?

A) Most of the fighters were native-born Americans of German descent.
B) fighters had close ties to ethnic-based saloons and firefighters.
C) There were no rules and "no holds barred" in the contests.
D) The audiences were usually from the middle and upper classes.
E) No one was ever actually hurt.

Question 37

Most Protestant denominations in America

A) emphasized the importance of a hierarchy of authority in the church.
B) favored local control in their churches.
C) rejected evangelicalism
D) believed that human society was perfectible.
E) taught racial equality.

Question 38

Minstrel shows included

A) political satire.
B) sexual jokes.
C) ridicule of the elite.
D) racial humor
E) all of these choices.

Question 39

Nineteenth-century minstrel shows

A) were traveling productions in which white men in "black face" imitated African-American songs and dances.
B) were most popular with female audiences.
C) were the first theatrical entertainments to include black performers as regular troupe members.
D) were popular only in the large seaport cities of the Northeast.
E) were popular only in the South.

Question 40

Protestant postmillennialists

A) were mostly Southern Baptists and Methodists.
B) believed that the world would be destroyed by fire.
C) believed that there would be a thousand years of perfect social order followed by the return of Christ.
D) predicted the destruction of the world in 1837.
E) hoped to unite all Protestant faiths into one.

Question 41

The Presbyterian minister, Charles Colcock Jones, taught that slaves must stand up to immoral masters.

Question 42

In 1835, most Americans had access to newspapers.

Question 43

An 1849 dispute over the acting styles of two Shakespearians led to a riot in which twenty people were killed.

Question 44

Millerites were a religious group that believed the world would end in the year following March 1843.

Question 45

Northern plain folk rejected middle-class culture and reformism.

Question 46

Southern white men tended to distrust early evangelicals.

Question 47

By 1830, American society was essentially republican, capitalist, and Protestant.

Question 48

Few people read Uncle Tom's Cabin before the Civil War.

Question 49

Prior to the 1860s, it would be unthinkable for an American novelist to write about explicit sexuality.

Question 50

The best-selling author of the antebellum period (before Harriet Beecher Stowe) was Susan Warner.

Question 51

Baptists and Methodists both relied on an appeal to localism for their successful growth.

Question 52

The literacy rate in preindustrial America was among the highest ever recorded.

Question 53

Southern evangelicals moved from calling for an end to slavery to strongly supporting it.

Question 54

Most southern clergy endorsed relationships based on dominance and submission.

Question 55

The novel Quaker City imagined an idealized America built on Quaker beliefs.

Question 56

After 1822, free blacks were legally required to leave slave states.

Question 57

Before 1845, it was rare for a woman to author a book of any significant commercial success.

Question 58

The Baptist millenarian William Miller condemned greed and the city of New York.

Question 59

By 1830, southern clergymen

A) condemned material improvements as being worldly.
B) preached that all moral truth came from the Bible.
C) called for universal Christian love.
D) could rightly be called adherents of Thomas Jefferson.
E) lashed out at human relations based on dominance and submission.

Question 60

For the most part, religion and the position of pro-slavery advocates were compatible in the South.

Question 61

The plain folk of the North were culturally conservative.

Question 62

The author of Uncle Tom's Cabin was_____________.

Question 63

Newspapers encouraged both democracy and individualism.

Question 64

The most revered biblical figure to southerners was Moses.

Question 65

Minstrel shows dealt broadly with the content of American culture.

Question 66

In the tradition of southern manhood, camp preachers sometimes responded to  hecklers by punching them.

Question 67

White southerners in the deep south did not discuss emancipation.

Question 68

Slaveholders were expelled from their churches for mistreating their slaves.

Question 69

Immigrants did not participate in prize fighting.

Question 70

The first full-blown camp meeting took place in Georgia in 1808.

Question 71

Audience participation was discouraged at minstrel shows.

Question 72

Child rearing became an increasingly female task in the antebellum period.

Question 73

The religious evangelical who led a middle-class revival in Rochester, New York was_____________.

Question 74

Joseph Smith set himself up as the first patriarch of the Mormon Church.

Question 75

Southern camp meetings were usually limited to a single denomination.

Question 76

The plain Protestants of the North talked often of the millennium.

Question 77

By 1804, every state in the North had passed some type of law against slavery.

Question 78

In the 1830s, the birthrate in the United States declined by 1.5 over a ten year period.

Question 79

Northern plain folk believed that all events were willed or allowed by God.

Question 80

Voting rights increased as_____________ requirements were eliminated.