Deck 13: Household and Social Class Influences

Question 1

The term _____ describes a family consisting of a father, mother, and children.

A) extended family
B) matrifocal family
C) household family
D) blended family
E) nuclear family

Answer 1

E

Question 2

Depictions of the material success of peers can spur the desire for luxurious status symbols as well.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

The concept of social class is inherently negative.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Social class motives and values can determine which offerings consumers desire.

Question 5

Someone who owns an expensive watch or car will likely be viewed as upper class.

Question 6

Dual-career families tend to spend less than other families do on childcare, eating out, and services in general.

Question 7

A key aspect of households is that more than one individual cannot become involved in acquisition and consumption.

Question 8

The term _____ describes the nuclear family plus relatives such as grandparents, aunts, uncles, and cousins.

A) extended family
B) matrifocal family
C) polygamous family
D) blended family
E) foster family

Question 9

Higher education is particularly important for gaining entry into higher-status occupations.

Question 10

Individuals from higher-status families are twice as likely to maintain their status as members of lower classes are to achieve a higher status.

Question 11

Authoritarian households exert the least amount of control on children.

Question 12

Working-class consumers depend heavily on family members for economic and social support in many areas, including job opportunities.

Question 13

Lower-class consumers tend to watch TV less and are more likely than other classes to read magazines and newspapers.

Question 14

Households are all the same in terms of stage in the family life cycle.

Question 15

A family is usually defined as a group of individuals living together who are related by marriage, blood, or adoption.

Question 16

Children tend to have more influence when parents are more involved in the decision process or are more traditional and conservative.

Question 17

A single person living alone or a group of individuals who live together in a common dwelling, regardless of whether they are related can be referred to as a _____.

A) kingdom
B) household
C) tribe
D) clan
E) subculture

Question 18

Dollar stores, such as Dollar Tree, attract upper-class consumers with premium pricing of everyday goods.

Question 19

Mary is a high-ranking executive at Symphic Inc. Mary bought a luxury bag from the brand Voulez Vous and got it to work. After a couple of weeks, she notices that many of her female subordinates have also started carrying Voulez Vous bags. This would be an example of the trickle-down effect.

Question 20

Compared with the members of other classes, upper class "old money" consumers are the least likely to save and invest money.

Question 21

Bob and Jane are married and are partners at a prestigious law firm. Together, they earn a comfortable seven-figure salary, which allows them to buy luxury products that most people cannot afford. In the context of social class distinctions, it can be said that Bob and Jane belong to the _____ class.

A) overwhelmed
B) median
C) overprivileged
D) instrumental
E) saturated

Question 22

Social class structures are important because they strongly affect:

A) the gross domestic product of a country.
B) the bargaining power of consumers.
C) the geographic distribution of population.
D) the information processing speed of consumers.
E) the elimination of subculture.

Question 23

A _____ occurs when trends in clothing and music start in the lower and middle classes and then spread upward.

A) status float
B) class deviation
C) class distinction
D) frequency division
E) class struggle

Question 24

_____ is the grouping of members of society according to status, high to low.

A) Social class hierarchy
B) Clustering
C) Cohabiting
D) Division of labor
E) Maslow's hierarchy

Question 25

Children's influence on the family's decision process is greatest during the:

A) problem recognition phase.
B) evaluation of alternatives phase.
C) external information search phase.
D) buying and shopping phase.
E) post-purchase evaluations phase.

Question 26

Which of the following is true of class-average families?

A) They have difficulty understanding their position in society.
B) They are unable to move to a higher social class.
C) They reject the idea of social climbing.
D) They have trouble meeting class expectations.
E) They can afford the symbols expected of their status.

Question 27

Johnny Daniels, a clothing brand, started out by providing cheap and durable clothes for everyday use and gained popularity among the lower-income groups. After a while, higher-income groups began to purchase the brand's clothes to emulate the lower-income groups. This is referred to as a(n):

A) class elevation.
B) status extension.
C) internal struggle.
D) class division.
E) status float.

Question 28

Even with the inequalities, social class distinctions can help individuals determine:

A) how to make their lives more interesting.
B) how to manage their household income.
C) why they need to participate in market surveys.
D) what their role in society is.
E) the point of social class fragmentation.

Question 29

The _____ are those who have incomes below the median and have trouble meeting class expectations.

A) underprivileged
B) underwhelmed
C) overwhelmed
D) troubled
E) inequitable

Question 30

In most societies, the upper classes tend to be:

A) lacking when it comes to meeting class expectations.
B) more cosmopolitan and international in orientation than other classes.
C) culture bound and the most different from other classes.
D) interested in downward mobility to appear approachable to other classes.
E) formally structured and have their incomes below the median.

Question 31

A(n) _____ is equally likely to be made by the husband or the wife, but not by both.​

A) synergistic decision
B) expressive decision
C) autonomic decision
D) cohabitual decision
E) syncratic decision

Question 32

Harriet is married to Jonas, and ever since their marriage, Harriet has been responsible for purchasing groceries and toiletries every week. Jonas is happy with the way Harriet handles this task and has never had any complaints. This arrangement is an example of a(n):

A) syncratic decision.
B) wife-dominant decision.
C) expressive decision.
D) autonomic decision.
E) husband-dominant decision.

Question 33

Household decision roles can be _____, meaning that they relate to tasks affecting the buying decision, such as when and how much to purchase.

A) stagnant
B) insurmountable
C) instrumental
D) permanent
E) impressive

Question 34

Children tend to have less influence in the decision process when:

A) their parents are more involved in the decision process.
B) their parents neglect them and do not listen to them.
C) their parents give them excessive freedom.
D) their parents are materialistic and consumption oriented.
E) their parents covertly monitor their actions.

Question 35

Members of a particular social class tend to:

A) have different income levels.
B) have the same attention level for all forms of marketing.
C) share similar values and behavior patterns.
D) remain in formal groups with strong identities.
E) have different educational achievements.

Question 36

The _____ occurs when trends that start in the upper classes are copied by lower classes.

A) boomerang effect
B) law of demand
C) trickle-down effect
D) law of social influence
E) law of marginal utility

Question 37

The family life cycle depends on:

A) the generation in which the parents are born.
B) whether the household income is in the growth or decline stages.
C) the age of the parents and how many children are living at home.
D) the number of highly educated members in the family.
E) whether the birth and death rates of the country are equal.

Question 38

Mary and Dennis had disagreements on where to spend their Christmas vacation. This led to a quarrel. Finally, they sat together, discussed, and picked a place both of them liked. In this case, Mary and Dennis have made a(n):

A) wife-dominant decision.
B) husband-dominant decision.
C) autocratic decision.
D) autonomic decision.
E) syncratic decision.

Question 39

Families whose income level is 20 to 30 percent more than the median of their class are considered _____.

A) overwhelmed
B) underwhelmed
C) overprivileged
D) exemplary
E) uninfluential

Question 40

In the context of household decision roles, the roles that relate to tasks affecting the buying decision are called _____.

A) expressive roles
B) titled roles
C) habitual roles
D) expansive roles
E) instrumental roles

Question 41

Sam is from a working-class family, and his father did not have enough money to put him through school. However, with the help of scholarships and part-time jobs, Sam was able to get into a good school and eventually secured a well-paid job. In this case, Sam has experienced _____.

A) status float
B) status crystallization
C) social facilitation
D) class fragmentation
E) upward mobility

Question 42

The greatest determinant of class standing is _____, particularly in Western cultures.

A) brand preference
B) occupation
C) marital status
D) cohabitation
E) moral values

Question 43

Both social class and income are needed to explain behaviors that involve _____.

A) values or beliefs
B) political orientation
C) family norms
D) artist temperament
E) status symbols

Question 44

Goods or services become _____ to indicate their owners' place in the social hierarchy.

A) parody symbols
B) urban myths
C) idiomatic symbols
D) status symbols
E) iconographs

Question 45

Sometimes, children may have difficulty reaching their parents' status level, a situation known as _____.

A) class liquidity
B) status panic
C) status float
D) class elimination
E) status crystallization

Question 46

Which of the following is true of inherited status?

A) It assures a certain income and occupation during the life of an individual.
B) It determines the level of education an individual will receive.
C) ​It is the anchor point from which upward or downward mobility can begin.
D) It is derived from personal achievements gained later on in life.
E) It is determined by the city in which an individual resides.

Question 47

Ed could not afford a new SUV after losing his job, but he nevertheless purchased one. After the purchase, he felt better about himself. This is an example of how, during times of downward mobility, acquisition and consumption can help:

A) protect self-worth.
B) achieve higher social status.
C) understand social fragmentation.
D) increase social panic.
E) decrease conspicuous waste.

Question 48

Penny's father is the managing partner of a well-known law firm, and her mother is a hospital administrator. Ever since her childhood, she has never felt the need to find a job or worry about any of her bills as her parents took care of all her expenses. In this case, Penny has lived a comfortable life due to:

A) her religious views.
B) her inherited status.
C) her political orientation.
D) her consumption pattern.
E) her earned status.

Question 49

Joanna is a billionaire. She owns seven houses in seven states, has a garage full of new cars, and has been called materialistic by many of the people who know her. In this case, Joanna is engaged in _____.

A) parody display
B) conspicuous waste
C) power acquisition
D) utilitarian consumption
E) involuntary consumption

Question 50

The Red Boulevard neighborhood used to be restricted to families of old wealth and aristocracy. Of late, families of low economic backgrounds are moving in and mingling with the current residents. Even the local country club has relaxed its membership rules to admit members from a wider range of backgrounds. The given scenario is an example of:

A) social breakdown.
B) social class manifestation.
C) status float.
D) social class fragmentation.
E) class float.

Question 51

In the context of British social classes, identify the social class that has the lowest household income of any of the classes, has limited social and cultural activity, and is low in educational achievement.

A) The precariat
B) The elite
C) The established middle class
D) The new affluent workers
E) The traditional working class

Question 52

The disappearance of class distinctions is called _____.

A) social class fragmentation
B) status crystallization
C) status float
D) social class scaling
E) social class manifestation

Question 53

When consumers are consistent across indicators of social class income, education, and occupation, it is called:

A) status float.
B) status crystallization.
C) inherited status.
D) earned status.
E) status homophily.

Question 54

Earned status is:

A) derived primarily from one's nationality.
B) acquired later in life from personal achievements.
C) obtained from reference groups through social comparison.
D) inherited from one's family.
E) derived primarily from one's beliefs and values.

Question 55

_____ is limiting acquisition and consumption to live a less material life.

A) Hedonic tendency
B) Conspicuous waste
C) Voluntary simplicity
D) Virtual provisioning
E) Misanthropic tendency

Question 56

_____ is the acquisition and display of goods and services to show off one's status.

A) Misanthropic tendency
B) Virtual provisioning
C) Involuntary consumption
D) Conspicuous consumption
E) Utilitarian consumption

Question 57

Social class is a better predictor of consumption when:

A) product prices are high.
B) product prices are low.
C) it reflects lifestyles and values.
D) a country has a low gross domestic product.
E) the older workforce is the majority.

Question 58

_____, or moving to a lower class, is an increasing trend in some industrialized societies.

A) Status float
B) Status crystallization
C) Reverse mobility
D) Downward mobility
E) Class fragmentation

Question 59

Visibly buying products and services that one never uses is called _____.

A) parody display
B) conspicuous waste
C) power acquisition
D) utilitarian consumption
E) involuntary consumption

Question 60

In many cultures, consumers can raise their status level through _____, usually by educational or occupational achievement.

A) status float
B) social liquidity
C) upward mobility
D) class liquidity
E) status deviation

Question 61

Discuss the importance of the trickle-down effect to marketers.

Question 62

Compare the consumption habits of all social classes.

Question 63

_____ is the consumer behavior of buying products or services to offset frustrations or difficulties in life.

A) Conspicuous waste
B) Parody display
C) Fraudulent symbolism
D) Compensatory consumption
E) Status float

Question 64

Discuss the roles of spouses in household decisions and the factors that influence these decisions.

Question 65

The working class is mainly represented by:

A) tech-savvy employees.
B) temporary employees.
C) probationary workers
D) blue-collar workers.
E) white-collar workers.

Question 66

Discuss the importance of income and social class as predictors of consumption habits.

Question 67

Discuss the different indicators of social class.

Question 68

A major feature that distinguishes middle-class consumers from consumers of other classes is that they:

A) engage in conspicuous consumption.
B) look to the upper class for guidance on certain behaviors.
C) engage in compensatory consumption.
D) save all their earnings.
E) have a high level of attention for advertising.

Question 69

Consumers acquire items that reflect not only their current social class but also their:

A) class aspirations.
B) class consumption.
C) altruism.
D) selfishness.
E) greed.

Question 70

Which of the following social classes in the United States consists primarily of white-collar workers, many of whom have attended college?

A) The middle class
B) The oligarchy
C) The aristocracy
D) The lower class
E) The fraternity

Question 71

Discuss the importance of social class fragmentation to marketers.

Question 72

Discuss the different types of households that exist in the United States today and their impact on consumer spending.

Question 73

How do social classes differ in the United States, Japan, and Latin America? What might explain these differences?

Question 74

Which of the following is true of upper-class individuals?

A) They are dependent on family members for economic and social support in many areas.
B) They are white-collar workers, many of whom have attended college.
C) They are consumers who lack shelter and live on the streets or in makeshift structures, cars, or vacant houses.
D) They are a varied group of individuals who include the aristocracy and the "old money" of inherited wealth.
E) They are likely to shop in discount stores and to have less product information when purchasing.

Question 75

How do children influence family decision-making?

Question 76

Discuss the importance of social class to society.

Question 77

Discuss the different household decisions roles, and give an example of each.

Question 78

A particularly important survival activity for homeless consumers is _____.

A) networking
B) bartering
C) exercising
D) cocreating
E) scavenging

Question 79

A parody display is:

A) the obvious fraudulent use of status symbols.
B) a status symbol that moves in a reverse direction.
C) the obvious fraudulent use of status symbols.
D) an alternative symbol meant to amuse those in a social class.
E) the consumption of a symbol that is conspicuous but private.

Question 80

A fraudulent symbol is:

A) the illegal use of status symbols.
B) a status symbol that moves in a reverse direction.
C) a symbol that becomes so widely adopted that it loses its status.
D) an alternative symbol meant to amuse those in a social class.
E) the consumption of a symbol that is conspicuous but private.