Deck 15: The Maritime Revolution

Question 1

In 1500, what did Portuguese mariners discove r by accident ?

A) The east coast of South America
B) The east coast of North America
C) The North Pole
D) The Russian coast
E) The Azores

Answer 1

The east coast of South America

Question 2

The only surviving ship from Magellan's final expedition w as the ____.

A) Victoria.
B) Sangria Sacra.
C) Trinidad.
D) Intrepida.
E) Tobago.

Answer 2

Victoria.

Question 3

The advantage of the caravel was that it was

A) fast.
B) maneuverable.
C) a good fighting ship.
D) strong.
E) All of these

Answer 3

All of these

Question 4

A Chinese observer in the markets of this port city was amazed at how rapidly the traders could do complex mathematical problems by counting on their fingers and toes.

A) Antananarivo
B) Morondava
C) Calicut
D) Ankavandra
E) Maduri

Question 5

The motives that led to Iberian overseas expansion were

A) economic.
B) religious.
C) political.
D) intellectual.
E) All of these

Question 6

An early motivation for Portuguese maritime exploration was to

A) gain access to the sub-Saharan gold trade.
B) find buried treasure near Madagasacar.
C) discover the New World.
D) find the Christian kingdom of Prester John.
E) quell political dissent.

Question 7

Which of the following was a reason for Portuguese and Spanish oversea s exploration?

A) Both countries had long standing alliances with Muslim powers.
B) Spain was a center of Renaissance learning
C) They already had the major share of the Mediterranean trade
D) In the name of Christian pacifism, they wished to avoid all potential occasions for conflict.
E) None of these

Question 8

The island of Madagascar was settled by

A) Polynesians and Malayo-Indonesians.
B) Muslim Mongols.
C) Arabs.
D) Africans.
E) the Spanish.

Question 9

An important addition to the maritime revolution was

A) learn ing that ocean winds tend to form large circular patterns.
B) learning that the magnetic compass did not work while at sea.
C) recognizing that the caravel was unsuited for voyages of exploration.
D) understanding that the lost island of Atlantis was accessible via caravel.
E) improvements to ship design by Thomas of Caravel.

Question 10

Two important navigational technologies, the magnetic compass and the astrolabe, were

A) invented by Henry the Navigator.
B) invented by Columbus.
C) of Italian origin.
D) held by an exclusive English patent.
E) of Chinese and Arab or Greek origin, respectively.

Question 11

The greatest mariners of the Atlantic in the early Middle Ages were

A) Mongols.
B) Ostrogoths.
C) Celts.
D) Vikings.
E) Lombards.

Question 12

Each of the Chinese treasure ships of Zheng carried ____.

A) supplies sufficient for a year.
B) six times as much volume as the entire fleet of Columbus
C) soldiers to fight the Japanese pirates in the Sea of Japan.
D) balsa wood for buoyancy.
E) salted fish but very little else because it was a long journey.

Question 13

The first Portuguese explorer to reach the southern tip of Africa and view the Indian Ocean was

A) Bartolomeu Dias.
B) Prince Henry.
C) Vasco da Gama.
D) Ferdinand Magellan.
E) Jesus Alou.

Question 14

Th e largest financial return from fifteenth-century Portuguese voyages to Africa cam e from

A) the gold trade.
B) the slave trade.
C) the silk trade.
D) the spice trade.
E) None of these

Question 15

Why didn't the Italian states take a lead in exploring the Atlantic?

A) Italy lacked warm water ports.
B) There was no tradition of sailing in Italian cities
C) They already dominated Mediterranean trade, and therefore had little incentive to engage in risky westward exploration.
D) They did not have the financial resources to fund trans-Atlantic voyages
E) They had little interest in building trade relationships with Muslims

Question 16

In addition to sailing up the Pacific Coast, early Amerindians from South America also colonized

A) the West Indies.
B) Greenland.
C) Newfoundland.
D) Iceland.
E) Finland.

Question 17

Prince Henry of Portugal was known as Henry the Navigator because

A) he was the first person to round the Cape of Good Hope.
B) he devoted his life to promoting exploration.
C) he designed the compass.
D) he discovered America.
E) navigator means "conqueror" in Portuguese.

Question 18

How did the rise of Islam give trade in the Indian Ocean an important boost?

A) The Muslim cities in the Middle East provided a demand for commodities.
B) Networks of Muslim traders tied the region together.
C) The Muslim traders shared a common ethic, language, and law.
D) Muslim traders actively spread their religion to distant trading cities.
E) All of these.

Question 19

The Ming Empire attempted to create new Indian Ocean contacts by

A) sending out seven imperial fleets between 1405 and 1433.
B) employing Mongol horsemen to travel the Silk Road.
C) attempting to defeat the Portuguese in the famous sea ba ttle of Calicut.
D) establishing maritime courts to deal with pirates and privateers.
E) building artificial islands.

Question 20

What two kingdoms beg an a maritime revolution that profoundly altered the course of world history?

A) England and France
B) Portugal and Spain
C) Germany and Russia
D) China and Japan
E) Greece and Italy

Question 21

Historians argue that one of the goals of Zheng He's expeditions was to expand Chinese trade because

A) extensive surviving documentary evidence indicates that trade was a main concern.
B) flyers distributed by the ships advertising Chinese goods have been found.
C) excavation of shipwrecks has revealed that many of these goods had price tags attached.
D) the fleets visited major commercial ports.
E) None of these

Question 22

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
Henry the Navigator

Question 23

What effect did European horses have on the Americas?

A) Increased military capacity and hunting efficiency
B) Decreased military capacity and hunting efficiency
C) No impact because religious prohibitions prevented its use
D) No appreciable impact because they already had horses
E) The decline in the alpaca population

Question 24

The first Portuguese foothold in Africa was the Moroccan city of

A) Ra bat.
B) Ceuta.
C) Casablanca.
D) Marrakech.
E) Sagres.

Question 25

The result of Portuguese domination of Indian Ocean trade routes was

A) considerable Portuguese profit.
B) that they charged a lower price for pepper than did Venice or Genoa.
C) that more spices and luxury goods were shipped to Europe.
D) little impact on the African and Asian mainlands.
E) All of these

Question 26

The powerful West African kingdom of Benin limited its contacts with the Portuguese by

A) refusing to accept Catholicism.
B) declining offers to receive missionaries.
C) closing the market in male slaves.
D) All of these
E) None of these

Question 27

Death rates among Amerindian peoples during the epidemics of the early colonial period were

A) very high.
B) average.
C) very low.
D) no higher than at other times.
E) nonexistent; death rates ceased during this period.

Question 28

Which of the following is not true of Polynesian culture?

A) It originated with the Lapita culture on the island of New Guinea.
B) It spread via long-distance sea travel.
C) Its spread was the result of canoes accidentally being blown off-course.
D) Its mariners used large vessels.
E) It played a role in the spread of the domestic chicken.

Question 29

Conquistador means

A) "conqueror."
B) "lawgiver."
C) "bringer of Christ."
D) "convict."
E) "communist."

Question 30

The first Amerindians t o encounter the S panish were the

A) Aztecs.
B) Arawaks.
C) Maya.
D) Incas.
E) Cassava.

Question 31

The Portuguese base in China was at

A) Beijing.
B) Hangzhou.
C) Macao.
D) Heian-Kyo.
E) Dien Bien Phu.

Question 32

Columbus insisted that he had reached

A) the Indian Ocean.
B) the West Indies.
C) the New World.
D) China.
E) Malacca.

Question 33

The Treaty of Tordesillas divided the New World between

A) Islamic Africa and Christian America.
B) Spain and China.
C) Portugal and Malacca.
D) Spain and Portugal.
E) Spain and Genoa.

Question 34

The first Portuguese who landed in India were greeted with

A) open arms.
B) panic and fear.
C) awe.
D) derisive laughter.
E) religious enthusiasm.

Question 35

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
Arawak

Question 36

Francisco Pizarro defeated the Inca Empire with

A) 180 men.
B) 1,800 men.
C) 18,000 men.
D) 180,000 men.
E) nothing at all because the Inca Empire defeated Pizarro.

Question 37

Christopher Columbus sailed from Spain and was from

A) Sicily.
B) Spain.
C) Portugal.
D) Genoa.
E) Syracuse.

Question 38

The difference between the Spanish Empire and the Portuguese Empire was that the

A) motives of the Spanish were purely religious.
B) Spanish Empire was a territorial empire, while the Portuguese Empire was a trading empire.
C) motives of the Portuguese Empire were purely economic.
D) Spanish Empire was a trading empire, while the Portuguese Empire was a territorial empire.
E) motives of the Portuguese were purely religious.

Question 39

The Portuguese gained control of the eastern Indian Ocean through

A) conquest.
B) diplomatic negotiation.
C) trade alliances.
D) sending spies into the cities so that they could topple the ruler.
E) having missionaries convert the people first.

Question 40

Which of the following was not a factor that contributed to Cortés' conquest of the Aztecs?

A) Steel swords and horses.
B) Alliances with native peoples.
C) The spread of smallpox.
D) Cortés' understanding of Aztec culture and language.
E) The Aztecs' willingness to use diplomacy.

Question 41

What was the impact of the Spanish in the Americas compared with the Portuguese in Africa and the East? What enabled the Spanish to conquer such an enormous territory with so few men?

Question 42

Describe the interactions of Portuguese and west African peoples, from initial contact by explorers to the permanent settlements established by Portuguese traders. In what ways were interactions between west Africans and the Portuguese similar to or different from interactions between the Portuguese and east Africans?

Question 43

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
Christopher Columbus

Question 44

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
Francisco Pizarro

Question 45

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
Atahualpa

Question 46

Europeans were not the first to explore the world and come in contact with far-off peoples and lands. What were the maritime patterns of Chinese and Arab global exploration before 1450?

Question 47

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
Vasco da Gama

Question 48

How significant was the role of religion in driving the forces of European exploration?

Question 49

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
conquistadors

Question 50

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
Moctezum a II

Question 51

What were the underlying trends in European development since 1000 C.E. that paved the way for overseas expansion?  Given that these trends applied broadly to all of Europe, why did Portugal and Spain, in particular, become the initial drivers of the "maritime revolution"?

Question 52

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
caravel

Question 53

The Chinese and the Arabs were not the only peoples to explore the maritime world before the Europeans. Trace the maritime progress of Malayo-Polynesians, Africans, and Amerindians before 1450.

Question 54

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
Ferdinand Magellan

Question 55

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
Gold Coast

Question 56

Unlike Africa and Asia, the Americas had been isolated from the rest of the world until their encounter with Europeans in the late fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries.  How did this situation make the case of European expansion to the Americas distinctive?

Question 57

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
Hernán Cortés

Question 58

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
Bartolomeu Dias