Deck 20: Industrial Revolution and Global Impact

Question 1

New forms of energy, such as ____, were important for industrialization in the nineteenth century.

A) horse power
B) wind and water energy
C) the steam engine and electricity
D) hydroelectric power
E) the gas turbine engine

Answer 1

the steam engine and electricity

Question 2

The term division of labor in manufacturing means

A) training each worker to be as versatile as possible.
B) dividing work into specialized and repetitive tasks.
C) using division as well as other mathematical functions.
D) having the worker make the entire product.
E) dividing the labor unions to weaken them.

Answer 2

dividing work into specialized and repetitive tasks.

Question 3

The agricultural revolution was a change in farming methods and crops that resulted in

A) the creation of a large class of landless farm laborers.
B) wealthy landowners taking over communal lands.
C) European population growth as a result of new crops such as potatoes and corn.
D) the introduction of better livestock, soil improvement, and crop rotation.
E) All of these

Answer 3

All of these

Question 4

Iron production was transformed by Abraham Darby's discovery that

A) machines could do the work of hammering iron better than humans could.
B) mills operated with hydroelectric power produced stronger iron.
C) coke could be used in place of charcoal in the smelting process.
D) taconite was a more valuable byproduct than the iron itself.
E) people worked more efficiently if they were paid higher wages.

Question 5

Single women and married women both did factory work but for different reasons:

A) Married women worked if their husbands were unable to support their families.
B) Married women worked if their husbands worked in a dangerous job.
C) Married women worked to put their children through school.
D) Single women worked to make friends and be social.
E) Single women worked for excitement and fun.

Question 6

Factory work represented a radical difference from traditional rural work because

A) women worked outside the home.
B) children worked at simple tasks in factories.
C) husbands worked separately from wives.
D) the family did not work together as a unit.
E) All of these

Question 7

Enclosure was

A) closing factory doors at working time and not opening them again until closing.
B) a closed emigration policy.
C) restriction of common agricultural land.
D) maintaining private garden plots for personal use.
E) a process of closing off rivers for waterpower in factories.

Question 8

What was not one of the five major contributors to industrialization?

A) Electricity
B) The steam engine
C) The division of labor
D) Increased production of iron
E) Free trade

Question 9

Urbanization had the greatest impact on

A) the elite, who came to the cities to attend fashionable events.
B) the bourgeoisie, who developed a professional class.
C) factory owners, who came to the cities to keep an eye on their businesses.
D) the poor, who came to the city from rural areas for work.
E) children, who attended schools in cities.

Question 10

The most obvious change in rural life during the Industrial Revolution was

A) electrical power.
B) the appearance of new roads, canals, and railroads.
C) an increase in leisure time.
D) a population shift to rural areas.
E) the increase of political power of rural residents at the expense of industrial centers.

Question 11

Which of the following is not one of the factors that gave Britain a head start on the Industrial Revolution?

A) It recovered from the plague more quickly than the rest of Europe.
B) It had the largest merchant marine.
C) It was highly commercial, and many people were involved in production and trade.
D) It enjoyed a high standard of living and a fluid society.
E) It was the world's leading exporter of tools, guns, hardware, and crafts.

Question 12

What crop - new to Europe - co ntributed to the agricultural revolution?

A) the potato
B) wheat
C) rice
D) the soybean
E) the tomato

Question 13

What invention revolutionized communication during the Industrial Revolution of the nineteenth century?

A) the phonograph
B) radar
C) the electric telegraph
D) the battery
E) the telephone

Question 14

Women typically earned

A) as much as men.
B) one-third to one-half as much as men.
C) 10 percent of what men made.
D) twice as much as men.
E) nothing because their service was tenure service to the owner.

Question 15

A significant contribution to the mass manufacture of cheap metal items was the development of

A) interchangeable parts.
B) lost wax casting of iron.
C) individual fitting together of parts by hand.
D) molded metal.
E) amalgamations of metal known as pig iron.

Question 16

Industrial work had an enormous effect on the family because

A) it provided a steady income for families.
B) work was now removed from the home and family members were separated all day.
C) children were happier in factories than on farms.
D) factory work was safer than farm work.
E) the move to the city made families happier and more stable.

Question 17

Which of the following new inventions made better cotton thread and thus became the impetus for textile weaving?

A) the steam engine
B) the spinning jenny and the water frame
C) the power loom and the thread genie
D) the fulling press and the iron foot
E) the rotary weaving engine

Question 18

The most revolutionary invention of the Industrial Revolution was James Watt's

A) cotton gin.
B) steam engine.
C) saddle.
D) bicycle.
E) light bulb.

Question 19

In continental Europe, industries such as iron, construction, and machinery were greatly stimulated by

A) building railroads.
B) the Crimean War.
C) the use of slave labor.
D) the increase in literacy.
E) American banking advances.

Question 20

Which of the following was not true of poor urban neighborhoods?

A) They were often filled with overcrowded tenements.
B) They were filthy, polluted, and filled with sewage.
C) The danger of typhus, smallpox, dysentery, and tuberculosis was very high.
D) Most poor urbanites lived in factory-owned apartment buildings.
E) Houses were often mixed in with factories.

Question 21

Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels advocated

A) anarchy in the United Kingdom.
B) a return to manorialism.
C) the wisdom of the mercantile system.
D) a theocracy of Protestant ministers.
E) Communism.

Question 22

Britain's main strategy for eliminating competition in trade was to

A) flood the market with cheap goods and drive competitors out of business.
B) start a war, which Britain could win because of its superior navy.
C) suppress all unionist activity that might cause an interruption of productivity.
D) send all the Chartist reformers to Australia.
E) send in saboteurs to destroy the factories in other countries.

Question 23

With industrialization, middle-class women were expected to stay out of the business world and manage the household, children, and servants, an idea known as

A) the factory at home.
B) the female world of home.
C) home, sweet home.
D) children, kitchen, and church.
E) the cult of domesticity.

Question 24

Employers in the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries preferred children as factory workers because

A) their size suited them to tasks like crawling under machines.
B) their wages were lower.
C) they were docile.
D) they were readily available, since their parents had no other child-care options.
E) all of these.

Question 25

Eighteenth-century European governments supported economic expansion by doing all the following except

A) building canals.
B) sending scientific expeditions around the world.
C) giving prizes to people who solved key scientific problems.
D) building railroads.
E) creating royal manufacturers to produce high-quality luxury goods.

Question 26

How did Western industrialization change China's relationship with the West?

A) China's industrialization put it on an equal footing with the West.
B) Industrialization caused Chinese and Western workers to unite.
C) European steam-powered gunboats humiliated China's military.
D) European nations shared the wealth with China.
E) Europe demanded massive Chinese immigration for factory work.

Question 27

Josiah Wedgwood's innovative porcelain production techniques

A) made workers more productive.
B) caused workers to be paid less.
C) required more skill than traditional methods.
D) A and B.
E) A and C.

Question 28

The Factory Act of 1833

A) prohibited textile mills from employing workers under the age of nine.
B) increased wages for all workers in Great Britain and Scotland.
C) granted women equal pay for equal work.
D) limited the work day to eight hours.
E) enacted safety laws.

Question 29

Why did Britain discourage the efforts of Egypt to industrialize?

A) Britain didn't want Egypt to become powerful and interfere with trade betwee n India and Europe.
B) Britain wanted to preserve Egypt's historical and cultural heritage.
C) Egypt had become allied with Russia.
D) Britain wanted to prevent the spread of Islamic learning.
E) Many British citizens were trying to emigrate to Egypt.

Question 30

In The Wealth of Nations, Adam Smith proposes that the government should

A) not interfere in business.
B) carefully regulate business.
C) leave business alone, except for enacting protective tariffs.
D) protect workers.
E) carefully allocate resources to ensure their best possible use.

Question 31

In the United States, many factory owners opened their factories with a commitment to decent wages and housing

A) but soon converted to machine-driven looms.
B) but soon rejected female workers in favor of child laborers.
C) but eventually lowered wages and imposed longer hours.
D) and continued to improve the lot of workers.
E) but did none of these.

Question 32

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
Industrial Revolution

Question 33

In the United States by the 1840s, most cotton mills

A) were staffed by slaves.
B) were in rural areas, near the plantations where cotton was grown.
C) were put out of business by British competition.
D) were in New England.
E) used cotton from India.

Question 34

The agricultural revolution set the stage for the Industrial Revolution by

A) feeding city dwellers and forcing peasants to leave their land for urban areas.
B) feeding city dwellers and making a greater variety of produce available.
C) encouraging the middle class to go "back to the land."
D) turning large farming estates into subdivisions and therefore creating more housing.
E) undermining the power of aristocratic land owners and building up the middle class.

Question 35

According to the philosophy of positivism,

A) maintaining an upbeat attitude is crucial to success.
B) everyone should strive to surround themselves with people who affirm their views.
C) intuition is more important than logic.
D) the scientific method can be used to solve social problems.
E) free trade produces "the greatest happiness of the greatest number."

Question 36

As a result of industrialization, the relationship between western Europe and the non-Western world

A) improved through increased communications.
B) worsene d because of the savagery of the slave trade.
C) remained the same.
D) came to be base d on Western dominance.
E) was dominated by the non-Western world, which derived power from its mono poly of raw materials.

Question 37

The cotton boom enriched planters as well as manufacturers and

A) led to the decline of American slavery.
B) encouraged the growth of a domestic textile industry in India.
C) made many sharecroppers rich.
D) created a high demand for mulch.
E) created a high demand for slaves.

Question 38

Which British city became the most notorious example of the Industrial Revolution's effects on urban areas?

A) London
B) Liverpool
C) Manchester
D) Newcastle
E) Glasgow

Question 39

The first manufactured good to be produced by truly modern, industrial means was

A) cast iron.
B) the case clock.
C) cotton cloth.
D) porcelain.
E) the breech-loading rifle.

Question 40

Which of the following was not one of the ways in which workers resisted harsh treatment?

A) They changed their jobs frequently.
B) They frequently assassinated unpopular factory owners.
C) They did poor-quality work.
D) They rioted and went on strike.
E) They were absent on Mondays.

Question 41

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
positivism

Question 42

What were the preconditions for the Industrial Revolution, and why did it occur first in Britain?

Question 43

How were colonialism and European imperialism related to industrialization?

Question 44

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
Josiah Wedgwood

Question 45

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
laissez faire

Question 46

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
electric telegraph

Question 47

Describe how working conditions for men and women changed in Great Britain during the Industrial Revolution.  How did workers respond?

Question 48

Describe the spread of industrialization outside England in the nineteenth centu ry.

Question 49

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
Crystal Palace

Question 50

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
steam engine

Question 51

What five innovations made the Industrial Revolution possible? Give one example of each of these innovations, and describe how each was adapted.

Question 52

Why was transportation such a critical feature of the Industrial Revolution?

Question 53

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
mechanization

Question 54

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
proletariat

Question 55

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
division of labor

Question 56

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
agricultural revolution

Question 57

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
James Watt

Question 58

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
mass production

Question 59

What was the environmental effect in England of the Industrial Revolution? Compare that with the environmental effect in the United States.

Question 60

How ar e the agricultural revolution and the Industrial Revolution related to each other?   In what ways did the Industrial Revolution transform agriculture outside Europe?