Deck 18: Southwest Asia and the Indian Ocean

Question 1

The Ottoman army and civil service relied on

A) Christian boys taken from their families and educated as Muslims in Istanbul.
B) Muslim boys from Anatolia.
C) Cossacks.
D) the privileged sons of cavalrymen.
E) the empire's naval superiority in the Atlantic.

Answer 1

Christian boys taken from their families and educated as Muslims in Istanbul.

Question 2

The Ottomans' chief rival in Iran was the

A) Khanate of Il-Khan.
B) Mughal Empire.
C) Safavid Empire.
D) Persian Empire.
E) Uighur Empire.

Answer 2

Safavid Empire.

Question 3

Following a familiar principle in empires, the Ottomans m ade sure to secure the loyalty of soldiers by giving them

A) grants of land in exchange for service.
B) seats in the upper house of the legislature.
C) freedom to travel without restrictions.
D) first pick of slaves conquered in war.
E) provincial administrative posts.

Answer 3

grants of land in exchange for service.

Question 4

In Iran, the mandated conversion to Shi'ism was

A) accepted as the word of god by the Sunnis.
B) a way of establishing common ground with the Ottomans.
C) crucial to the creation of a distinctive Iranian identity.
D) only for the select members of the qizilbash in Iran.
E) done for the purpose of unifying with the Abbasid Caliphate.

Question 5

What new product traded from the Arabian port of Mocha in Yemen became the rage in the fifteenth century?

A) Chocolate
B) Silk
C) Pecans
D) Coffee
E) Taconite

Question 6

The askeri class in the Ottoman Empire was the

A) noble class.
B) military class.
C) lower class.
D) religious class.
E) scholar class.

Question 7

The chief source of Ottoman inflation in the sixteenth century was

A) uncontrolled spending by the nobles.
B) that such a small population could not produce enough goods.
C) an influx of silver from the Americas.
D) uncontrolled military spending.
E) widespread opium addiction.

Question 8

In 1453, the Ottoman armies attacked Constantinople and brought an end to

A) Roman rule.
B) Byzantine rule.
C) Arab rule.
D) Egyptian rule.
E) Mongol rule.

Question 9

Which Italian city-state became a commercial rival and military foe of the Ottoman Empire?

A) Venice
B) Genoa
C) Florence
D) Rome
E) Turin

Question 10

The sultan who presided over a golden age and the greatest Ottoman assault on Christian Europe was

A) Mehmet II.
B) Selim I.
C) Suleiman the Magnificent.
D) Babur.
E) Akbar.

Question 11

The rising status of Janissaries in the Ottoman Empire led to a refinement of their role in society. Status gains included all except

A) the right to marry.
B) involvement in business and commerce.
C) becoming a hereditary order.
D) the ability to hire substitutes to go on military campaigns.
E) obtaining a monopoly on tax farming.

Question 12

Tax farming is

A) shifting the tax burden to the rich.
B) imposing a tariff on foreign agricultural products.
C) soil exhaustion due to overfarming.
D) paying taxes in advance for the right to collect greater amounts from others.
E) peasants working on government land to pay government expenses.

Question 13

In governing his flock, or raya, th e sultan saw himself as

A) being the model of meekness and passivity.
B) providing equality to the sexes.
C) providing intellectual and scholastic leadership.
D) providing equality to all citizens.
E) providing justice and military protection.

Question 14

Which European city did the Ottomans try, and fail, to conquer in 1529 and 1683?

A) Moscow
B) London
C) Paris
D) Vienna
E) Kiev

Question 15

A new fourteenth-century Ottoman military resource was the taking of Christian prisoners of war, who were called

A) Janissaries.
B) Knights of the Cross.
C) Mamluks.
D) Caspian slaves.
E) Lollards.

Question 16

Capitulations that were beneficial to Europeans were

A) monopolies on certain cash crops sold to European companies.
B) access to certain Ottoman ports.
C) acknowledgment of the supremacy of the Portuguese army in Southeast Asia.
D) a discount on trade duties and fees negotiated between Europeans and sultans.
E) a tax based not on the amount of goods traded but on how many non-Muslims (per capita) were involved in the trade company.

Question 17

Out of the struggle for power in Iran emerged a chief of Kurdish, Iranian, and Greek ancestry named

A) Mehmet.
B) Akbar.
C) Babur.
D) Isaac.
E) Ismail.

Question 18

One difference between the Ottoman and Iranian states was that the Iranian state was based on

A) Shi'ism.
B) Sunnism.
C) Kharijism.
D) Sufism.
E) Sikhism.

Question 19

Iranian scholars and writers

A) read and wrote only in Persian.
B) read and wrote only in Arabic.
C) were relentlessly persecuted under the Safavids.
D) read Arabic as well as Persian.
E) opposed the government's forging of diplomatic ties with Mughal India.

Question 20

The history of the Hidden Imam set a tradition in Ir an for religious scholars to

A) be under the control of the shah.
B) be an independent authority.
C) be influenced by the opinions of wandering ascetics.
D) be completely disinterested in political affairs.
E) inspire wars between the religious sects.

Question 21

What European country conquered the East African port cities?

A) Spain
B) The Netherlands
C) England
D) Portugal
E) France

Question 22

One of the most significant stimuli for European expansion into Southeast Asia in the seventeenth century was

A) religious minorities trying to escape Protestant or Catholic persecution in Europe during the Thirty Years War.
B) joint-stock trade companies.
C) missionary work by Jesuits trying to stem the spread of Islam.
D) the increased value of cotton due to the Industrial Revolution.
E) European addiction to coffee.

Question 23

The founder of the Mughal Empire was

A) Akbar.
B) Babur.
C) Ali.
D) Mehmed.
E) Nanak.

Question 24

The Mughal Empire was quite prosperous in the sixteenth century because it

A) traded cotton cloth.
B) mined gold in Siberia.
C) grew cash crops such as coffee and cacao.
D) colonized the Americas.
E) All of these

Question 25

Which of the following is not a reason for the decline of the M ughals during and after Aurangzeb's reign?

A) The land-grant system.
B) Resistance in the southern provinces.
C) A turn away from Akbar's policies of religious tolerance.
D) Symbolic loss of the peacock throne from Delhi.
E) Contract disputes over cotton trading with Europe.

Question 26

Islamic law

A) did not allow women to own any property.
B) did not discuss women's property ownership.
C) forbade women to own property after marriage.
D) allowed women to keep property after marriage.
E) made women equal with men.

Question 27

In the Muslim world, homosexuality was

A) unknown.
B) encouraged.
C) introduced by the Silk Road.
D) not unusual, despite religious disapproval.
E) practiced only among the rich.

Question 28

Extensive migration in the fifteenth century in the East African lake region and Kenyan highlands was due to

A) attacks by Portuguese and English explorers.
B) long-lasting drought conditions.
C) the influx of Islam.
D) the beginning of the slave trade in those areas.
E) internecine wars.

Question 29

Although European accounts discussed the custom of women wearing veils,

A) Islamic women wore elaborate headdresses of ostrich feathers and lace.
B) both Islamic men and women covered their hair, arms, and legs.
C) Islamic women did not cover the face or body.
D) Islamic women were never actually seen by Europeans.
E) there is no evidence that this is true.

Question 30

Which of the following was not part of Akbar's policy of religious reconciliation between Muslims and Hindus?

A) His marriage to a Rajput princess
B) The appointment of Hindu mansabdars
C) His elevation of Hindus to high government positions over Muslims
D) His allowing Hindus to settle legal disputes with Hindu law
E) The elimination of the tax on non-Muslims

Question 31

The Mughal Empire is distinguished from the Ottoman and Safavid Empires mostly because it was

A) not very warlike.
B) heavily influenced by the Chinese.
C) a Hindu land ruled by Muslims.
D) a Muslim land ruled by Hindus.
E) a democracy.

Question 32

With the fragmentation of Mughal political order, who became president of an independent European stronghold on India's east coast?

A) Ferdinand Braudel
B) Joseph François Dupleix
C) Toussaint L'Ouverture
D) Jack Shaftoe
E) Ignatius Dumond

Question 33

Extensive Islamic expansion into East Africa and Southeast Asia occurred

A) before the rapid European commercial expansion.
B) because Islam was most similar to native religions.
C) becaus e Muslims willingly accepted converts as full members of their communities.
D) thanks to the support of Muslim land empires.
E) because Muhammad visited these places.

Question 34

The martyrdom of Imam Husayn is remembered in the Shi'ite community with

A) emotional processions of Shi'ites through the streets.
B) the Easter mass.
C) a truce among all religious sects.
D) the pilgrimage to Mecca.
E) fasting.

Question 35

Islam effectively countered the aggressive Christianity of Europeans, particularly in

A) the Brunei Sultanate in Borneo and the Acheh Sultanate in Sumatra.
B) Safavid Persia and the Ottoman Empire.
C) the Tokugawa Shogunate and the Manchu Empire.
D) South Africa and Zimbabwe.
E) none of these; actually, Christian Europeans usually won.

Question 36

Iran became most closely associated with the manufacture of which item?

A) Silk
B) Coffee
C) Porcelain
D) Carpets
E) Camel saddles

Question 37

Why did the Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal Empires decline simultaneously?

A) Inability to adjust to the changes in military technology and the world economy
B) Natural disasters
C) The bubonic plague
D) Declining birthrates combined with fertility problems
E) A religious prohibition against banking

Question 38

Which of the following was not a factor in the decline of Safavid rule?

A) Economic inflation caused by an influx of silver.
B) Mismanagement of the silk trade.
C) Dependence on slave soldiers with guns rather than nomad cavalry.
D) Lack of control of the tax collection system by the central administration.
E) Diminishing support for the Shah among nomadic groups.

Question 39

A significant fact about the capital cities of both the Ottomans and Safavids was that

A) neith er had many whe eled vehicles.
B) neither allowed Europeans within city walls.
C) both were highly cosmopolitan.
D) both focused on mosques built for the sultan or shah.
E) both had significant naval bases to guard their harbors.

Question 40

Mughal is Persian for

A) "infidel."
B) "interloper."
C) "conquerors."
D) "Mongol."
E) "Mamluk."

Question 41

The tsar known for his expansion and Westernization of Russia was

A) Peter the Great.
B) Ivan the Terrible.
C) Nicholas III.
D) Edward II.
E) Charles VI.

Question 42

The new city that was to be Russia's "window on the West" was

A) Stalingrad.
B) Moscow.
C) Kiev.
D) St. Petersburg.
E) Krakow.

Question 43

One result of the Great Northern War was

A) the death of Peter the Great.
B) the liberation of Constantinople.
C) Russian access to the Baltic Sea.
D) Russia's retreat into isolationism.
E) the destruction of Russia's navy.

Question 44

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
Suleiman the Magnificent

Question 45

Who benefited from the Patrona Halil Rebellion?

A) The Sultan, who saw the power of his position reaffirmed.
B) Halil, who ruled as Sultan for twenty years.
C) Ambitious provincial governors and others in a position to assert their independence from the Sultan.
D) Tulip sellers.
E) The grand vizier and other officials who relied on the Sultan's power.

Question 46

The Cossacks were

A) missionaries.
B) a Byzantine trading society.
C) an independent tribal society of warriors.
D) an elite military force of the tsar.
E) nomadic reindeer herders of the eastern steppe.

Question 47

According to the Russian census of 1795, over half the population were

A) nobility.
B) in military service.
C) freemen.
D) serfs.
E) college educated.

Question 48

Why did Peter the Great attempt to Westernize Russia?

A) To join the Russian Orthodox Church.
B) To end serfdom.
C) To ultimately follow the British movement into political liberalization.
D) To strengthen the Russian state and the autocratic power of the tsar.
E) Because he was from the West (he inherited Russia's throne).

Question 49

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
Ottoman Empire

Question 50

During the "Tulip Period,"

A) the Sultan sought to revive the culture of the Byzantine empire.
B) European fashions were in favor among Ottoman elites.
C) most wealthy Ottomans decided to move to Oman.
D) tulips became so abundant that they ceased to be an expensive luxury.
E) the Mamluks re-asserted control over Egypt.

Question 51

How did the growth of a centralized Russian Empire affect peasants?

A) Peasants became serfs, people who were tied to the land.
B) Peasants' standard of living improved to a middle-class level.
C) It gave the peasants the vote.
D) Peasants were deported and sent to gulags.
E) Peasants could move freely at any time to improve their lot in life.

Question 52

A major limitation on Russian power in the sixteenth century was that

A) the empire was almost completely landlocked.
B) Jesuits were undermining the power of the Orthodox Church.
C) the Protestant Reformation inspired peasant revolts.
D) the Mongols successfully resisted Ivan IV's efforts to expand.
E) Moscow had exceptionally cold winters.

Question 53

The princes of Muscovy organized a movement of conquest and expansion against the

A) Japanese.
B) Chinese.
C) Tibetans.
D) Golden Horde.
E) Koreans.

Question 54

Which of the following was not a policy pursued by Peter the Great?

A) Westernizing Orthodox Christianity by adopting Catholic ritual and practice.
B) Reducing the traditional roles of boyars in the government.
C) Tax increases.
D) Increased government control of the clergy.
E) Construction of factories and foundries.

Question 55

Janissaries became more important than cavalrymen in the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries occurred because

A) horses had become too expensive to use in large numbers.
B) battlefield success increasingly depended on cannon and lighter-weight firearms.
C) Janissaries began to ride horses.
D) Janissaries were from Anatolia, while cavalrymen were mostly from the Balkans.
E) Janissaries had ties to powerful noble clans.

Question 56

The motivation for Russian expansion to the east was

A) the promise of captives for religious sacrifice.
B) to free people under Japanese rule.
C) to capture the deep water port at Vladivostock.
D) demand for animal pelts.
E) the acquisition of Siberian oil reserves.

Question 57

The dominant religion among eastern steppe peoples in the Russian empire was

A) Orthodox Christianity.
B) Catholicism.
C) Paganism.
D) Islam.
E) Judaism.

Question 58

After defeating the Portuguese, the Dutch acquired what valuable colony?

A) Java
B) New Holland
C) America
D) Hong Kong
E) Vietnam

Question 59

Which of the following groups brought the scholarly version of Islam to Southeast Asia in the sixteenth century?

A) Sufi preachers.
B) Merchants from India.
C) Pilgrims returning from years of study in Mecca and Medina.
D) Pilgrims returning from years of study in Baghdad.
E) Ship captains from Cambay.

Question 60

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
Janissaries

Question 61

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
Hidden Imam

Question 62

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
Cossacks

Question 63

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
Akbar

Question 64

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
Oman

Question 65

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
Shah Abbas I

Question 66

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
Safavid Empire

Question 67

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
tsar

Question 68

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
mansabs

Question 69

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
Peter the Great

Question 70

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
Batavia

Question 71

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
Swahili

Question 72

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
Muscovy

Question 73

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
Acheh Sultanate

Question 74

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
Rajputs

Question 75

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
Mughal Empire

Question 76

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
serfs

Question 77

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
Tulip Period

Question 78

What caused the Ottoman Em pire to expand between 1300 and 1600? Give at least three causes and explain them.

Question 79

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
Siberia

Question 80

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
Shi'ites