Deck 23: Varieties of Imperialism in Africa, India, Southeast Asia, and Latin America

Question 1

Initially, Egyptian modernization was financed by

A) expanding into weaker neighboring states.
B) fighting for the British in return for money.
C) a boom in cotton exports during the American Civil War.
D) mining, primarily of silver.
E) borrowing money from the Netherlands.

Answer 1

a boom in cotton exports during the American Civil War.

Question 2

Why was the Sepoy Rebellion a turning point in the history of India?

A) The British were finally rebuffed and withdrew from India.
B) The sepoys successfully pushed the British out of Bengal.
C) India came to be ruled directly by the British government.
D) It inspired the development of new weapons that did not require gunpowder.
E) It allowed the French an opp ortunity to assert their influence in India.

Answer 2

India came to be ruled directly by the British government.

Question 3

What was the British raj ?

A) A type of tea.
B) A British school.
C) The term used by Hindus to refer to British clothes.
D) A British game.
E) British rule of India.

Answer 3

British rule of India.

Question 4

The East India Company transformed the Indian economy by

A) encouraging the Indian mercantile economy.
B) expanding agricultural production and decreasing industrial output.
C) extending social security benefits to all castes.
D) taxing merchants on a lower scale than farmers.
E) expanding industrial capacity so that it would be in line with the West.

Question 5

The first reformer to advocate Pan-Indian nationalism was

A) Mohandas K. Gandhi.
B) Muhammad Ali Jinnah.
C) Martin Luther King, Jr.
D) Indira Gandhi.
E) Rammohun Roy.

Question 6

The changes in the wake of the Sepoy Rebellion included all of the following except

A) a law guaranteeing all Indians equal protection.
B) a law requiring freedom of religion and social custom.
C) the placement of a viceroy governor-general in Delhi.
D) respect for the rights of Indian princes loyal to the Crown.
E) a reduction in the power of the Indian Civil Service.

Question 7

The Zulu kingdom arose primarily because of

A) centralized African defense against the British.
B) internal conflicts over grazing and farm lands.
C) individuals brought to power by the Portuguese.
D) conflicts over hunting lands and the gold rush.
E) the spread of epidemic disease from the Americas.

Question 8

Africans wanted European manufactured goods, so when the slave trade ended, they

A) satisfied their demand for goods by developing indigenous manufacturing.
B) expanded their legitimate trade by developing new exports.
C) learned to manage without European goods.
D) were never able to afford European goods.
E) hired European consultants to develop factories.

Question 9

The most successful export from West Africa after the abolition of slavery was

A) palm oil.
B) gold.
C) ivory.
D) lumber.
E) illicit slaves.

Question 10

Cape Colony was initially important to the British because it

A) was Britain's first foothold in Africa.
B) had great mineral wealth.
C) was a supply station for the lengthy route to India.
D) showed that the French could be defeated overseas.
E) was Britain's source for rubber.

Question 11

Although the East India Company was founded in 1600, the British gradually colonized India by

A) defeating the French and picking apart the decaying Mughal Empire.
B) making alliances with Persian traders to establish trading posts.
C) enslaving Indians on sugar plantations.
D) paying the Dutch enormous amounts of money to abandon their Indian economic interests and trade only in Java.
E) getting the population addicted to opium.

Question 12

The British were the world's greatest slave traders and later

A) became the most aggressive abolitionists.
B) reopened the slave trade with the Asante.
C) interfered with the French treatment of their slaves in Saint Domingue.
D) replaced factory workers with African slaves.
E) conspired to operate an illegal slave-trading operation in Barbados.

Question 13

The Zulu succeeded in creating a new

A) national identity.
B) system of writing.
C) economic system based on cowrie shells.
D) national education system.
E) state that lasted until the twentieth century.

Question 14

In 1870, the Indian railroad system was

A) among the world's largest.
B) practically nonexistent.
C) still run by Indians.
D) for the British onlyfew Indians used it.
E) based on the Japanese model.

Question 15

Recaptives were

A) slaves repatriated to Madagascar.
B) U.S. slaves who wanted to return to Africa.
C) slaves who were taken off illicit trade ships by the British an d resettled in S ierra Leone.
D) escaped slaves who were resold into slavery by the East Africans when the Atlantic slave trade stopped.
E) Africans who had gone to Europe for education but returned to Africa to recapture their traditional heritage.

Question 16

Sepoys were Indian troops who

A) fought against the nawabs.
B) were hired and trained to protect the warehouses of European companies.
C) fought for Hindu India against the Muslims.
D) fought against the British in India.
E) fought to end French occupation of Bengal.

Question 17

A significant method of instilling nationalism was

A) declaring Hindi the official dialect of India.
B) university education for the middle class, either in India or in Britain.
C) running railroads, which the Indians controlled without British intervention.
D) trying to streamline the Hindu and Parsi religions.
E) enacting public performances of the Mahabharata.

Question 18

The Bombay Presidency was

A) a British puppet government with a local Bombay nawab named as the legitimate leader.
B) a temporary rebellion centered in Bombay and carried out by supporters of Tipu Sultan.
C) territory taken over by the East India Company after defeating the Maratha Confederation.
D) the stronghold of resistance against the British by the Maratha Confederation.
E) the last territory held by the Mughal Empire.

Question 19

The migration of Afrikaners from British-ruled Cape Colony for fertile land in the north is called the

A) Great Escape.
B) Great Trek.
C) Long March.
D) Death March.
E) Great March.

Question 20

The Indian Civil Service

A) was staffed largely by Indians.
B) was abolished after the Sepoy Rebellion of 1857.
C) widely recruited those who could speak multiple Indian languages and English.
D) was theoretically open to all, but actually excluded Indians.
E) was based on the Confucian system of examinations.

Question 21

By encouraging self-government in the South Pacific settler colonies, Britain

A) satisfied settlers' desires for greater control.
B) muted potential demands for independence.
C) made colonial governments pay their own expenses.
D) avoided the same conflicts that led to the American Revolution.
E) All of these

Question 22

The first British settlers in Australia were

A) soldiers who had been mustered out.
B) exiled convicts.
C) homesteaders who received grants of land.
D) recruited from settlements in India.
E) indentured servants.

Question 23

The United States annexed Hawaii

A) for strategic reasons.
B) only after a battle with Queen Liluokalani.
C) for its many large sugar plantations.
D) to keep pace with European colonialism.
E) to control the world's supply of breadfruit.

Question 24

The major decision of the Berlin Conference of 1884 - 1885 was that Europeans could

A) not colonize the eastern region of Africa.
B) colonize Africa only by effective occupation.
C) not colonize Africa by military means alone.
D) colonize Africa only through individual treaties.
E) travel freely through any colony.

Question 25

Europeans controlled equatorial Africa by

A) selling monopolies on resources and trade to private companies.
B) direct governmental rule.
C) controlling native trade at key port cities.
D) offering incentives to local rulers.
E) granting Africans the rights and privileges of citizenship in the European country.

Question 26

The French initially planned to make the interior of Senegal accessible to French merchants by

A) building an intricate road system.
B) widening the Senegal River for shipping.
C) building a canal between the Senegal and Niger Rivers.
D) building a railroad between the Senegal and Niger Rivers.
E) installing a network of telegraph cables connecting the coast to inland regions.

Question 27

South Africa's 1913 Natives Land Act was intended to

A) forbid Africans from owning land.
B) keep Africans on reservations.
C) keep Afrikaners segregated from the British.
D) stop British financiers from becoming too powerful.
E) forbid Africans from owning land and keep them on reservations.

Question 28

Most indentured servants left their homes because they

A) were sold by their parents.
B) hoped to better their economic and social position.
C) were pressured by their governments to leave.
D) were tricked and did not know where they were going.
E) wanted religious freedom.

Question 29

The Suez Canal inadvertently encouraged European imperial expansion by

A) making transit into sub-Saharan Africa easier, thus creating the scramble for Africa.
B) isolating Egypt from the Ottoman Empire's protection.
C) giving the British a reason to invade Egypt and establish indirect rule there.
D) setting France and England at war with one another.
E) making it possible for Egypt to sell out other African nations at the Berlin Conference.

Question 30

After British slave emancipation in 1834, new plantation workers came from

A) Africa.
B) the Pacific Islands.
C) British India.
D) China.
E) All of these

Question 31

In the Congo Free State, Europeans brutally forced Africans to

A) mine diamonds.
B) grow tobacco.
C) mine asphalt.
D) mine silver.
E) gather latex for the rubber boom.

Question 32

In the nineteenth century, Southeast Asia had great economic potential because of

A) its climate, which was well suited for the cultivation of many valuable cash crops.
B) its natural immunity to disease, which the local fruits provided.
C) the presence of an unlimited supply of geothermal energy.
D) its previous distance from well-developed trade routes.
E) All of these.

Question 33

The underlying goal of British imperialism in the mid-nineteenth century was to

A) control foreign territory.
B) promote British trade overseas.
C) beat other nations to new territories.
D) protect British citizens overseas.
E) find a place to send convicts and other undesirables.

Question 34

The last independent state in Southeast Asia in the late nineteenth century was

A) Siam.
B) Malaya.
C) Burma.
D) Indochina.
E) Vietnam.

Question 35

Afrikaners were

A) "Cape Coloreds."
B) descendants of Dutch settlers.
C) Germans opposing the British.
D) allied with Cecil Rhodes.
E) descendants of British settlers.

Question 36

Plantation workers served contracts of indenture that usually lasted

A) one to two years.
B) their lifetime.
C) five to seven years.
D) twenty-five years.
E) only until they could afford to live on their own.

Question 37

Egyptian modernization brought an accumulation of foreign debt, which caused

A) the government to sell its shares in the Suez Canal to the British.
B) the Ottoman Empire to depose Ismail.
C) Egypt to borrow money from Europeans at high interest rates.
D) None of these.
E) All of these.

Question 38

What made Belgian colonialism so different than that of the rest of Europe?

A) King Leopold wanted to open trade with Africa for cocoa to build a monopoly on chocolate, not industrial materials.
B) King Leopold annexed the Congo as his personal colony, not for the Belgian state.
C) King Leopold was more interested in scientific exploration than in economic colonialism.
D) King Leopold established a constitutional federation in the Congo River Valley.
E) King Leopold was the first European monarch to travel by gunboat up an African river.

Question 39

British efforts to increase Egyptian agriculture resulted in

A) the attack on Omdurman.
B) the annexation of large portions of Ethiopia.
C) the construction of the Aswan Dam.
D) a large reduction in cotton production.
E) the Wheat Revolt of 1874.

Question 40

The British wanted to expand to southern Africa because

A) of the marauding Zulu armies.
B) of attacks by the Afrikaners.
C) they wanted the rich northern farmlands.
D) of discoveries of gold and diamonds.
E) they wanted to beat the Germans there.

Question 41

European imperialists justified their actions with all the following clich és except

A) "the conquest of nature."
B) "the annihilation of time and space."
C) "live and let live."
D) "the taming of the wilderness."
E) "our civilizing mission."

Question 42

Under General Porfirio D íaz,

A) Mexico was open to foreign investment.
B) social inequality became more pronounced.
C) Mexico City underwent an extensive program of urban development.
D) government supporters sought to eliminate Mexico's rustic traditions.
E) All of these

Question 43

One reason for the poverty of the Mexican peasantry was

A) loss of land to the Mexican and American elites.
B) inability to afford railroad access.
C) lack of educational opportunities.
D) refusal to convert to Catholicism and be part of the network.
E) lack of raw materials for infrastructure.

Question 44

The Platt Amendment

A) stated that the United States could occupy any Caribbean island.
B) prevented slavery in the West Indies.
C) allowed U.S. investment in former Spanish colonies.
D) gave the United States the right to intervene and maintain order in the Caribbean.
E) All of these

Question 45

The Mexican Revolution

A) ultimately turned Mexico into a Communist state.
B) was conducted by a highly-unified group of insurrectionary leaders.
C) was largely bloodless.
D) evolved into a civil war that lasted over ten years.
E) was opposed by Emiliano Zapata.

Question 46

In the Philippines, Emilio Aguinaldo led uprisings against

A) the Spanish and the British.
B) the Spanish and the Americans.
C) the Spanish and the Chinese.
D) the Americans and the Chinese.
E) the Americans and the Japanese.

Question 47

The Boer War was fought because

A) Afrikaners resented British encroachment on territory they controlled.
B) the British resented Afrikaner encroachment on territory they controlled.
C) the Ndebele and Shona would not let Afrikaners take their land.
D) internal dissent among the Xhosa left them vulnerable to foreign attack.
E) the British thought Cecil Rhodes had grown too powerful and wanted to diminish his influence.

Question 48

In the early twentieth century, Mexican society was

A) highly egalitarian, with much mixing between Indians and families of Spanish origin.
B) highly egalitarian, but with strict segregation between Indians and families of Spanish origin.
C) highly unequal, with a few families of Spanish origin dominating a large number of Indians.
D) highly unequal, with the descendents of Indian elites dominating people of Spanish origin.
E) highly mobile, with much movement between social classes.

Question 49

In the text, the term modernization refers to the process of

A) abandoning backward, misguided ideas and embracing the future.
B) developing local traditions in new ways that remain true to those traditions.
C) reforming political and other traditions in imitation of Western societies.
D) reforming political and other traditions in imitation of non-Western societies.
E) pursuing progress for all social classes in a particular region.

Question 50

In nineteenth- and twentieth-century Mexico, haciendas were

A) humble dwellings for poor mestizos .
B) seaside vacation homes for American tourists.
C) huge estates owned by the elite.
D) small estates owned by the middle class.
E) all Mexican homes, since hacienda is the Spanish word for "house."

Question 51

The British response to Indian traditions was to

A) disregard them altogether.
B) borrow from them in the process of inventing new traditions.
C) attempt to stamp them out completely.
D) seek to impose them in Britain as well.
E) adopt all of them as a way of legitimizing their rule.

Question 52

The motto of General Porfirio Diaz during his thirty-four years of rule was

A) "Might makes right."
B) "Liberty, equality, fraternity."
C) "Liberty, order, progress."
D) "Mexico for Mexicans."
E) "We must work harder."

Question 53

To better exploit the economic potential of Latin America,

A) European and American settlers were encouraged to emigrate.
B) extensive railroad systems were built.
C) laborers from India were imported in great numbers.
D) Western countries discouraged emancipation of slaves.
E) a system of dirigible transport was developed.

Question 54

The Republic of Liberia was founded by

A) free black Americans who returned to Africa.
B) free black Americans who colonized an island in the Caribbean.
C) recaptives from elsewhere in West Africa.
D) Marcus Garvey.
E) free black Americans after the U.S. Civil War.

Question 55

Cecil Rhodes made his fortune

A) by arranging Safaris for wealthy Europeans.
B) from diamond mines.
C) by tax-farming the Africans who lived in the areas he controlled.
D) from rubber plantations.
E) from palm oil plantations.

Question 56

To build the Panama Canal, the United States

A) obtained a concession from Colombia.
B) negotiated a lease with the Panamanian government.
C) supported a Panamanian rebellion against Colombia.
D) formed an alliance with France.
E) All of these

Question 57

As a result of the Spanish-American War, the United States

A) purchased the Philippines.
B) took Puerto Rico.
C) took Guam.
D) interfered extensively in Cuba.
E) All of these.

Question 58

The largest state in Africa to emerge between 1600 and 1900 was

A) the Mali Federation.
B) Burkina Faso.
C) the Sokoto Caliphate.
D) the Hausa Caliphate.
E) the Asante Empire.

Question 59

Who were the Constitutionalists in Mexico?

A) Peasant farmers forced off the land.
B) Members of the middle-class and industrial workers.
C) Wealthy landowners who had supported the Junta Central.
D) Zapatistas.
E) Supporters of Diaz.

Question 60

The French government's officially-stated reason for invading Algeria in 1830 was

A) to convert the population to Catholicism.
B) to gain control of its vast oil reserves.
C) to corner the market in palm oil.
D) to defend the national honor after the ruler of Algeria hit a French diplomat with a fly-whisk.
E) to defend the France against the terrorist acts of the Qadiriya brotherhood.

Question 61

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
Berlin Conference

Question 62

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
Indian National Congress

Question 63

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
durbar

Question 64

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
recaptives

Question 65

Which of the following is not one of the reasons that the Constitutionalists eventually won control in Mexico?

A) At the start of the Revolution, they had more support among Indians than Zapata or Villa.
B) They defeated and killed Emiliano Zapata and Pancho Villa.
C) They controlled oil exports.
D) They used the profits from oil to buy weapons.
E) They adopted many agrarian and social reforms.

Question 66

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
Indian Civil Service

Question 67

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
Sepoy Rebellion

Question 68

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
Afrikaners

Question 69

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
Cecil Rhodes

Question 70

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
"legitimate" trade

Question 71

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
nawab

Question 72

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
contract of indenture

Question 73

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
Suez Canal

Question 74

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
sepoy

Question 75

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
Sokoto Caliphate

Question 76

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
modernization

Question 77

What did Emiliano Zapata do with the land he seized?

A) Sold it and used it to purchase guns.
B) Started building forts.
C) Returned it to the Indian villages.
D) Declared it a separate nation.
E) Drilled for oil.

Question 78

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
British Raj

Question 79

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
King Leopold II

Question 80

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
Zulu