Deck 24: The New Power Balance

Question 1

Why were women considered well suited for teaching jobs?

A) Women refused to do most other types of work.
B) They were better educated than men.
C) Men were needed in factory work.
D) Teaching was an extension of the duties of Victorian mothers.
E) Teaching was considered unimportant.

Answer 1

Teaching was an extension of the duties of Victorian mothers.

Question 2

Most railways were built by European or American engineers with equipment from the West. The exception to this was in

A) Japan.
B) China.
C) Mexico.
D) the Ottoman Empire, notably th e Orient Express.
E) Russia.

Answer 2

Japan.

Question 3

The negative environmental effects of nineteenth-century industrialization included all of the following except

A) smoke and particulate matter polluting the air.
B) large piles of waste product and slag left behind.
C) chemical and dye materials dumped into the rivers.
D) deforestation and reduction of agriculture in areas used instead for mining coal, iron, and limestone.
E) depletion of the ozone layer.

Answer 3

depletion of the ozone layer.

Question 4

By 1900, the nation that controlled the majority of the world's trade and finances was

A) Germany.
B) Great Britain.
C) Russia.
D) the United States.
E) Japan.

Question 5

Some women sought satisfaction outside the home and became involved

A) in working as volunteer social workers or nurses.
B) in organizing reform movements to curtail alcohol, prostitution, and child labor.
C) in working for women's suffrage.
D) All of these
E) None of these

Question 6

The Victorian Age refers to rules of behavior and family wherein

A) marriage was an economic contract between male and female.
B) men and women began to share equally the duties of child rearing.
C) the home was idealized as a peaceful and loving refuge.
D) male and female children were educated away from the family in boarding schools.
E) women were finally encouraged to work outside the home.

Question 7

Which of the following is not how working-class women earned money to support the family?

A) Doing piecework such as sewing and making lace, hats, or gloves
B) Taking in laundry
C) Taking in boarders
D) Doing domestic service or factory work
E) Teaching

Question 8

The goal of the International Working Man's Association was to

A) overthro w the capitalist system.
B) eventually become the Communist Party.
C) end the inherent laziness of the worker.
D) teach that the poor are deemed to stay poor by natural law.
E) spread industrialism to non-developed countries.

Question 9

The "annihilation of time and space," extolled by the public and the press in the late nineteenth century, referred especially to

A) the development of aircraft.
B) submarine telegraph cables.
C) transcontinental railroads.
D) the science fiction musings of H. G. Wells.
E) an accurate clock.

Question 10

What ideology questioned the sanctity of private property?

A) Capitalism
B) Socialism
C) Darwinism
D) Mercantilism
E) Liberalism

Question 11

Which of the following is not characteristic of nineteenth-century cities in industrial nations?

A) Railroads with regular schedules brought food and commuters into the cities to work.
B) Police and fire departments were created.
C) Poverty almost completely disappeared.
D) City planning was used.
E) Sanitation improved and death rates decreased.

Question 12

Industrial chemistry was a great advantage to Germany at the end of the nineteenth century because Germany

A) controlled the sources for the raw materials.
B) was the most innovative nation at that time.
C) allowed the government to support those industries.
D) had the most advanced scientific institutions.
E) was forbidden to do military research.

Question 13

The nineteenth-century movement th at defended the interests of wo rkers against their employers was

A) Social Darwinism.
B) liberalism.
C) the labor union movement.
D) millenarianism.
E) the Wobblies.

Question 14

When the typewriter and telephone were first used in business in the 1880s,

A) businessmen employed women to operate them, because women had education and could be paid less.
B) businessmen employed men to operate them, because only men had enough education to do so.
C) they created new jobs for immigrant workers.
D) widespread job losses resulted.
E) they were a failure because people feared new inventions.

Question 15

How was ocean shipping transformed by the mid-nineteenth century?

A) There were more efficient, powerful engines.
B) The average size of freighters increased from 200 to 7,500 tons.
C) Steel hulls replaced wooden hulls.
D) Propellers replaced paddle wheels.
E) All of these

Question 16

Late-nineteenth-century Victorian morality dictated that men and women

A) belong in factories.
B) belong in comparable social spheres.
C) belong in separate spheres.
D) should be involved in politics.
E) should be in a competitive relationship.

Question 17

Families were considered middle class only if they

A) had a second home.
B) were college-educated.
C) did not work with their hands.
D) owned their own horses.
E) employed a full-time servant.

Question 18

The most prominent early use of electric current was

A) in steel making.
B) for lighting.
C) for telegraph systems.
D) in the chemical dye industry.
E) for the electric chair.

Question 19

The chemical dye industry hurt tropical nations such as India because

A) of the textile industries in those nations.
B) the industry exploited workers in those countries.
C) those nations grew the most indigo.
D) of the environmental impact of dye factories.
E) Indians and others living in the tropics could not afford chemical dyes.

Question 20

The largest railway network in the world at the end of the nineteenth century was in

A) Great Britain.
B) Canada.
C) Mexico.
D) Japan.
E) the United States.

Question 21

A significant source of conflict between Russia and Austro-Hungary was

A) Austria's attempts to dominate the Balkans, which undercut Russia's role as protector of the Slavic peoples.
B) Austro-Hungary eyeing territories along the Black Sea in anticipation of the demise of the Ottomans.
C) Austrian annexation of Albania.
D) Austria trying to dominate Christians in the Ottoman Empire, which Russia felt was its domain because of Orthodox Christianity.
E) Austria declaring an open-border policy to Jews escaping Russian persecution.

Question 22

According to Marx, the end of worker exploitation would occur when

A) scientific socialism was proven by the intellectuals.
B) war broke down barriers of nationalism and included colonist countries.
C) free democracy replaced all entrenched monarchies in Europe.
D) workers rose up and established a government of their own.
E) war broke out and the Western industrialized Christian world conquered the East.

Question 23

Leaders of Meiji Japan planned to remain free from Western imperialism by

A) negotiating with Western diplomats.
B) restricting Western access to Japan.
C) keeping out all foreign influences.
D) becoming a world-class industrial power.
E) using propaganda to make Japanese people hostile to Westerners.

Question 24

Which of the following was not an idea of liberalism?

A) The sovereignty of the people.
B) The need for a constitutional government.
C) Freedom of expression.
D) The need for a national parliament.
E) Economic equality for all.

Question 25

Bismarck gave the vote to all adult males to

A) counteract the wealth of the aristocracy.
B) ensure the equality of German elections.
C) weaken the influence of middle-class liberals.
D) guarantee the loyalty of the army.
E) make a show of limiting his own power.

Question 26

The most influential political idea of the nineteenth century was

A) Darwinism.
B) liberalism.
C) existentialism.
D) authoritarianism.
E) nationalism.

Question 27

The Treaty of Kanagawa of 1854

A) was modeled on the unequal treaties that the West had with China.
B) opened Japan and Korea to the United States.
C) settled the Opium War.
D) put an end to the Taiping Rebellion.
E) put an end to the Sepoy Mutiny.

Question 28

A significant point of dispute between France and Germany was

A) Germany's seizure of Alsace and Lorraine.
B) Germany's assault on French naval supremacy.
C) Germany's desire that France get out of Africa.
D) Germany's support for Alfred Dreyfus.
E) France's insistence that Strasbourg residents speak French.

Question 29

One direct result of the Russo-Japanese War in 1904 - 1905 was the

A) humiliation of the outdated Japanese military and the stripping of Japanese colonies in Asia.
B) Japanese acquisition of colonies in Africa.
C) popular revolt in Russia that forced the creation of the Duma and a new constitution.
D) overthrow of the Russian tsar.
E) overthrow of the Japanese emperor.

Question 30

The Meiji rulers sought to strengthen Japan by

A) attacking the United States naval bases in Korea.
B) embracing foreign ideas, institutions, and techniques.
C) defeating Russia in the Russo-Japanese War.
D) rejecting all foreign ideas and restoring traditional Japanese customs.
E) increasing family values.

Question 31

Who demanded that Japan open its ports for refueling and trade?

A) Robert Clive, famous British fighter in India
B) Matthew Perry of the United States Navy
C) Cecil Rhodes, rich already from South African diamond mines
D) Tsar Nicholas, ambitious ruler of Russia
E) Benjamin Disraeli, British politician

Question 32

Who was the most famous early-nineteenth-century Italian nationalist?

A) Giuseppe Mazzini
B) Gavrilo Princip
C) Cristoforo Moltisanti
D) Giovanni Mastai-Ferretti, later Pope Pius IX
E) Enrico Caruso

Question 33

In Tokugawa Japan, political power rested in the hands of the

A) bureaucracy.
B) shogun s .
C) emperor.
D) peasantry.
E) merchants.

Question 34

Why did nationalism fail to unify Russia and Austria-Hungary?

A) Their empires never developed public education.
B) Their empires included many ethnic groups speaking many different languages.
C) Their empires did not have a national anthem or flag.
D) Their empires were too far away from states with new and exciting ideas.
E) Their economies were too poor.

Question 35

The Meiji transformed the government and incorporated

A) European practices in government, education, industry, and popular culture.
B) Chinese practices in government, education, industry, and popular culture.
C) Korean practices in government, education, industry, and popular culture.
D) Russian practices in government, education, industry, and popular culture.
E) only Japanese practices.

Question 36

One of the most significant reforms undertaken by Japan's Meiji oligarchs was

A) building a military aristocracy.
B) opening schools to train Japanese students in Western science and technology.
C) limiting the power of the emperor.
D) adopting Marxist economic policies.
E) All of these

Question 37

Japan's plan for imperialism as defined by Yamagata Aritomo was to

A) impose Japanese military domination over the world.
B) conquer India.
C) control the Aleutian Islands.
D) control a sphere of influence that would include Manchuria, Korea, and part of China.
E) follow the lead of the United States and pursue Manifest Destiny.

Question 38

The early-twentieth-century Chinese plan for reform was the

A) Mandate of Heaven.
B) self-strengthening movement.
C) Cixi reforms.
D) imperial restoration.
E) Great Leap Forward.

Question 39

Bismarck's plan to unite most German-speaking people into a single state focused on using

A) liberalism and language.
B) military force and nationalism.
C) religion and conservatism.
D) ethnicity and race.
E) democracy and liberalism.

Question 40

The Boxer Uprising was a series of riots

A) encouraged by Chinese officials against foreign presence.
B) that rid China of the Japanese presence.
C) that placed Japan under direct military control.
D) that clearly demonstrated Japanese nationalism.
E) that demonstrated support for Christianity in China.

Question 41

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
electricity

Question 42

In the Meiji period, Japanese industry was

A) developed entirely by private investors.
B) mostly funded by foreign sources.
C) developed with government support and then sold to private investors.
D) developed by private investors and then sold to the government.
E) on the decline, thanks to excessive government regulation.

Question 43

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
Thomas Edison

Question 44

During the later nineteenth century, capitalist economies

A) enjoyed a period of uninterrupted growth.
B) never once suffered a serious recession.
C) were prone to periodic depressions and recessions.
D) were highly localized.
E) had periodic crises that only harmed workers but left wealthy investors unscathed.

Question 45

In the later nineteenth century, poor neighborhoods in fast-growing cities such as London, New York and Chicago

A) gradually gentrified as real estate prices increased.
B) remained as squalid as they had been in the early years of industrialization.
C) were much safer, thanks to electric lighting.
D) had few residents, because rapid economic growth made so many ordinary people rich.
E) had few residents who were immigrants.

Question 46

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
railroads

Question 47

Giuseppe Garibaldi was sidelined in the push toward Italian unification because

A) he was a conservative.
B) he wanted Italy to become a republic.
C) he was a monarchist.
D) he was sympathetic to the Austrian Empire.
E) he advocated "propaganda of the deed."

Question 48

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
Commodore Matthew Perry

Question 49

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
submarine telegraph cables

Question 50

Karl Marx argued that industrial capitalism

A) could continue indefinitely just as it was.
B) should be disrupted by acts of "propaganda of the deed."
C) needed strategic reforms if it was going to continue successfully.
D) would eventually create societies so unequal they would explode in revolution.
E) should be destroyed because it had advanced modern science, which was a corrupting influence on mankind.

Question 51

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
Victorian Age

Question 52

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
steel

Question 53

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
socialism

Question 54

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
labor unions

Question 55

The "great powers" of the late nineteenth century included

A) India, China, Brazil, and the United States.
B) Spain, France, Russia, and Britain.
C) Britain, Russia, China and Japan.
D) France, Germany, Russia and Japan.
E) the United States, the Austro-Hungarian Empire, Sweden and Russia.

Question 56

Anarchists believed they could trigger a revolution by

A) carrying out bombings, assassinations, and other terrorist attacks.
B) joining the International Workingman's Association.
C) banding together to agitate for democratic government.
D) holding peaceful demonstrations.
E) giving a few leaders far-reaching power over other members of the movement.

Question 57

In 1831, Michael Faraday discovered that

A) blood circulates through the body.
B) the Earth revolves around the sun.
C) the square of the hypotenuse equals the sum of the squares of the other two sides.
D) moving a copper wire through a magnetic field induces an electric current in the wire.
E) nitro-glycerin could be transformed into a stable solid.

Question 58

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
"separate spheres"

Question 59

Tsar Alexander II's decision to emancipate the serfs

A) paved the way for mass migrations to Russia's cities.
B) spurred a nationwide drive to educate peasants.
C) created the conditions for an industrial boom around 1900.
D) improved the quality of the Russian army by making service as a soldier more prestigious.
E) did little to alleviate their poverty or challenge the power of noble landowners.

Question 60

Herbert Spencer is famous for

A) coining the phrase "the survival of the fittest" and using it to justify social inequality.
B) coining the phrase "natural selection" and using it to justify hereditary aristocracy.
C) coining the phrase "I think therefore I am."
D) rejecting Darwin in favor of a literal interpretation of the Bible.
E) coining the phrase "scientific racism."

Question 61

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
anarchism

Question 62

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
Empress Dowager Cixi

Question 63

What were the immediate and long-term results of the Tokugawa Shogunate's response to the threat of European and American invasions?

Question 64

Why did the populations of European and American cities grow so fast between 1850 and 1914? What were some of the technical innovations that improved conditions in the crowded urban areas?

Question 65

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
nationalism

Question 66

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
Charles Darwin

Question 67

Describe the role of nationalism in the creation of Germany, both bef ore and after 1871.  Was this nationalism always associated with liberalism?  Explain those ideas and their relation to the changing role of nationalism in German politics.

Question 68

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
Otto von Bismarck

Question 69

Describe the lives of upper-, middle-, and working-class women in English-speaking countries between 1850 and 1914.

Question 70

New technologies in the latter half of the nineteenth century revolutionized everyday life and transformed the world's economy. What were some of those new technologies, and how did they affect society?

Question 71

Compare and contrast the influence of Europe and the United States on China and Japan between 1850 and 1914.

Question 72

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
liberalism

Question 73

While nationalism strengthened some countries, it weakened others.  Which countries were weakened by nationalism, and why?

Question 74

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
Giuseppe Garibaldi

Question 75

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
Karl Marx

Question 76

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
Meiji Restoration

Question 77

Describe the origins and aims of labor movements and socialist politics in the late nineteenth century.

Question 78

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
Yamagata Aritomo