Deck 27: The Collapse of the Old Order

Question 1

The better-off peasants, or kulaks, reacted to collectivization by

A) refusing to recognize the collectives.
B) burning their crops and killing their livestock.
C) attacking the poorest peasants.
D) acquiring more land and becoming more prosperous.
E) acquiring visas to go to the United States and Israel.

Answer 1

burning their crops and killing their livestock.

Question 2

In 1935, Mussolini took advantage of the weakness of the Western democracies and

A) invaded Ethiopia.
B) launched a bombing campaign against France.
C) ended diplomatic relations with Britain.
D) sent military aid to Germany.
E) annexed Sicily.

Answer 2

invaded Ethiopia.

Question 3

What did Adolf Hitler write while in jail in the 1920s?

A) The Protocols of the Elders of Zion
B) All Quiet on the Western Front
C) Mein Kampf
D) A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man
E) Die Blechtrommel

Answer 3

Mein Kampf

Question 4

During the Stalinist terror, Soviet women

A) found themselves in more repressed roles.
B) were expected to work only in farm collectives.
C) entered jobs and careers previously closed to them.
D) found their roles in society unchanged.
E) gained equality with men.

Question 5

All of the following factors were common in areas subscribing to fascist dictatorship except

A) a charismatic leader making promises to improve the situation.
B) paramilitary groups that intimidated members of non-fascist parties.
C) resentment over the loss of territories from World War I.
D) fear of communism.
E) fear of centralization.

Question 6

How did the Nazi takeover of Germany affect Stalin's second Five-Year Plan?

A) It did not change his plan.
B) Stalin intended to produce arms but decided to produce consumer goods instead.
C) It provided Stalin with a new trading partner who also was a militarist.
D) The Nazis demanded that Stalin cancel his second Five-Year Plan.
E) Stalin intended to produce consumer goods but decided to produce arms instead.

Question 7

Stalin's First Five-Year Plan stressed

A) increases in electricity and heavy industries.
B) production of consumer goods for export.
C) acquiring colonies to protect the Soviet economy.
D) decentralized control and economic incentives.
E) participation in the European Union.

Question 8

The Soviet Union paid for the First Five-Year Plan by

A) using revenue from the colonies.
B) borrowing heavily from Western nations.
C) creating a new middle class.
D) seizing neighboring territories.
E) squeezing the peasants.

Question 9

Hitler's popularity came in large part from the German people's belief that

A) he was a religious, as well as a political, leader.
B) the German Communist Party should rule Europe.
C) economic well-being outweighed a loss of liberty.
D) he was literally the second coming of Jesus Christ.
E) All of these

Question 10

The South African economy boomed during the Depression because

A) it was based on agriculture, not industry.
B) it was not part of the world economy.
C) the Depression made g old and other minerals more valuable.
D) it was exploited as a colony.
E) of the abundant supply of slave labor.

Question 11

While the Depression's effects on nonindustrialized countries were uneven, those hardest hit were those

A) that had lately undergone independence movements.
B) under colonial mandate.
C) that depended on exports.
D) with industrialization in its infancy, like India.
E) without many railroads.

Question 12

Italy's fasci di combattimento initially included mainly

A) radical politicians and hired thugs.
B) conservative politicians and the military.
C) disgruntled workers and socialists.
D) unemployed veterans and violent youths.
E) pardoned prisoners.

Question 13

Which two countri es turned to radical leaders in the wake of the Depression?

A) England an d the United States
B) Japan and Germany
C) France and Germany
D) England and France
E) Canada and Venezuela

Question 14

At the height of the Stalinist terror of the 1930s,

A) millions of Jews were slaughtered in gas chambers.
B) Moscow was burned to the ground as part of Stalin's "scorched earth" policy.
C) the USSR joined forces with Germany and Italy to invade Poland.
D) Stalin was killed in a Kremlin coup.
E) millions of ordinary Soviet citizens were sent to gulags.

Question 15

What were the reasons for the politics of appeasement?

A) Fear of war.
B) Fear of communism.
C) Lack of familiarity with fascist tactics.
D) Belief in the traditional norm that parties to diplomatic negotiations would keep their promises.
E) All of these.

Question 16

According to Hitler's Mein Kampf , the greatest threat to the power of the so-called "master race" were the

A) Italians.
B) Communists.
C) French.
D) Slavs.
E) Jews.

Question 17

Hitler's goal for Germany included all of the following except

A) repeal of the Treaty of Versailles.
B) takeover of all German-speaking territory.
C) expansion into Poland.
D) elimination of Jews from Europe.
E) division of the Western world from the Eastern by a tripartite pact with Japan.

Question 18

How did the League of Nations respond to the initial milit ary actions by Germany and Japan?

A) Coordinated armed response by peacekeeping missions.
B) Denunciation and economic embargo.
C) Protest and rebuke.
D) Mobilization of Allied troops.
E) A conference calling for negotiating the return of Ethiopia.

Question 19

The stock market crash of 1929 turned into

A) the deepest, most widespread depression in history.
B) an economic boon to average consumers because they were now able to afford stock.
C) a minor depression followed by an economic recovery.
D) a limited depression in some countries, but not most Western countries.
E) a depression for the United States only.

Question 20

The slogan repeated in fascist Italy was

A) "Il Duce (the leader) is always right."
B) "Left Is Right; Right Is Wrong."
C) "Italy for the Italians."
D) "In your heart, you know he's right."
E) "A Commitment to Excellence."

Question 21

The main cause of environmental stress during World War II was the

A) scarring of battlefields by enormous armies.
B) tremendous number of refugees.
C) economic development, which increase d damage related to the extraction of raw m aterials.
D) bombing of cities into ruins.
E) massive numbers of diseased corpses.

Question 22

Mao Zedong's variety of communism was a radical departure fr om previous forms of the ideol ogy because it

A) emphasized the urban proletariat.
B) involved no land distribution.
C) relied on the peasantry.
D) was the same as Stalin's brand of communism.
E) only accepted individuals under twelve years old so they could be properly indoctrinated.

Question 23

Why was Chiang Kai-shek so focused on building up the Chinese military after escaping to Sichuan?

A) He knew that war with Japan was going to be long and drawn-out.
B) He had already lost significant troops in Beijing.
C) He needed troops to rebuild the infrastructure after he had destroyed the dikes of the Yellow River.
D) He was preparing for a future battle with Mao's army.
E) He planned to form an alliance with Russia and knew it would require a troop commitment.

Question 24

The Communist Chinese for ces were able to defeat the Guomindang because of

A) the greed and ineptness of the Guomindang.
B) better training and equipment.
C) a larger army and navy.
D) a last-minute alliance with Japan.
E) the use of smallpox as a biological weapon.

Question 25

Which of the following was not among Mao Zedong's policies toward women?

A) He encouraged women to organize.
B) He made it illegal for women to work in textile mills.
C) He banned arranged marriage.
D) He banned footbinding.
E) He allowed divorce.

Question 26

The end of the war in the Pacific arena was controversial because of

A) the U.S. use of atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki.
B) the refusal of the United States to consider any alternatives but complete and utter destruction.
C) international objection to the slaughter of civilian populations.
D) the unknown results of radioactivity.
E) the economic devastation that would occur to the rest of Japan.

Question 27

The Holocaust is estimated to have killed ____ Jews.

A) 500,000
B) 1 million
C) 3 million
D) 6 million
E) 10 million

Question 28

Many Japanese nationalists thought that the answer to the Depression was to

A) once again close Japan to Western influence.
B) start Japanese colonies.
C) better support Japanese agriculture.
D) make prayers and sacrifices to their ancestors.
E) All of these

Question 29

At Nanjing, the Japanese troops raped

A) 200 Chinese women.
B) 800 Chinese women.
C) 1,700 Chinese women.
D) 15,000 Chinese women.
E) 20,000 Chinese women.

Question 30

The German Blitzkrieg meant

A) "death from above."
B) "no surrender."
C) "total war."
D) "lightning war."
E) "secret war."

Question 31

Mao Zedong's 1934 escape from the Guomindang to Shaanxi was called the

A) Miracle of Mao.
B) Long March.
C) Trek to the Mountain.
D) March of Madness.
E) Taking of Tiger Mountain by Strategy.

Question 32

Soviet deaths during World War II numbered between ____ million.

A) 2 and 3
B) 5 and 6
C) 10 and 12
D) 20 and 25
E) 45 and 50

Question 33

The prime motivation for the Japanese invasion of Southeast Asia was

A) its abundant oil and rubber production.
B) the opportunity to defeat Western powers.
C) to satisfy the Japanese people's demand for luxury goods.
D) to keep the United States from entering the war.
E) to avenge the execution of Japanese sailors in 1938.

Question 34

The excuse used by Japan for provoking the Manchurian Incident in 1931 was

A) a riot by the Chinese against a Japanese ambassador.
B) the need to declare a war on drugs against China's opium trade.
C) an explosion on a railway track.
D) that the Chinese were allying with Russia, and Japan wanted to prevent a recurrence of the Russo-Japanese War in 1905.
E) that China threatened Japanese imperial holdings in Korea.

Question 35

Which of the following scientific and technological innovations were not spurred by World War II?

A) synthetic rubber
B) machine guns
C) antibiotics
D) nuclear weapons
E) radar

Question 36

On December 7, 1941,

A) the Yalta Conference took place and set in motion the plans for the Axis defeat.
B) Japanese planes bombed the United States naval base at Pearl Harbor.
C) Japan surrendered to the United States to end World War II.
D) the Soviet Union invaded north China.
E) the United States army invaded the home islands of Japan.

Question 37

The key to victory in the Pacific Ocean was

A) holding the Philippine Islands.
B) aircraft carriers.
C) the base at Pearl Harbor.
D) the atomic bomb.
E) short supply lines.

Question 38

In the early years of World War II, the Soviet Union invaded which of the following countries?

A) Germany and Japan
B) Germany and Italy
C) Poland and the Baltic States
D) France and China
E) Greece and Turkey

Question 39

Which group was not murdered by the Nazis in the interest of "racial purity"?

A) Homosexuals
B) The disabled and mentally ill
C) Aryans
D) Gypsies
E) The Polish elite

Question 40

The Battle of Britain was conducted primarily by

A) air attacks.
B) submarines.
C) naval warships.
D) ground force invasion on the beaches at Hastings.
E) detonating a magneto-electric pulse on London to wipe out all electric power.

Question 41

The Soviet collectivization of agriculture and the growing demand for food in expanding cities

A) caused an improvement in rural living standards.
B) made it possible for nearly every farmer to own a tractor.
C) caused a rural famine in which some five million people died.
D) caused an urban famine, as farmers insisted on charging high prices for food.
E) made the kulaks even more important to Soviet agriculture.

Question 42

In the 1930s and early 1940s, the primary advantage the communists had over the Guomindang was that

A) the communists received military support from Japan.
B) the communists won over the peasants, especially the poorest of them.
C) the communists were better armed.
D) the communists had the backing of urban business elites.
E) the communists protected the holdings of large landowners, while the Guomindang did not.

Question 43

The first victims of Stalin's terror were

A) ordinary people unlucky enough to catch his attention.
B) "Old Bolsheviks" who had been leaders in the 1917 revolution and civil war.
C) mid-level bureaucrats.
D) Jews.
E) immigrants who had come to the USSR because they thought it was a "worker's paradise."

Question 44

Japan chose to attack the United States because

A) in protest of Japanese actions in southeast Asia, the U.S. had refused to continue supplying Japan with industrial materials.
B) racist propaganda had convinced the Japanese that Americans needed to be exterminated.
C) the Nazis asked them to do it.
D) trade with the United States was not important to Japan.
E) it was Japan's main rival for influence in China.

Question 45

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
Pearl Harbor

Question 46

Between 1927 and 1937, Soviet industry

A) grew rapidly and raised most people's standards of living.
B) grew slowly and failed to meet increasing demand for consumer goods.
C) was so ineptly run it caused an economic crash.
D) grew rapidly but left most people with rationed food and few consumer goods.
E) shrank to a size even smaller than it had been under the tsars.

Question 47

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
Benito Mussolini

Question 48

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
Five-Year Plans

Question 49

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
Long March

Question 50

Hitler's total defeat in Russia was sealed by the Wehrmacht's loss at

A) Moscow.
B) Leningrad.
C) Vladivostok.
D) Kiev.
E) Stalingrad.

Question 51

Under Stalin, membership in the Communist Party

A) was automatically granted to all Soviet citizens.
B) was largely ceremonial, and offered no benefits.
C) conferred valuable privileges.
D) was something to be avoided, because it made people more susceptible to arrest.
E) could only be purchased by those with large personal fortunes.

Question 52

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
Stalingrad

Question 53

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
Chiang Kai-shek

Question 54

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
Joseph Stalin

Question 55

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
Nazis

Question 56

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
Mao Zedong

Question 57

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
Fascist party

Question 58

World War II began when

A) Germany annexed Czechoslovakia.
B) Germany and the USSR signed a non-aggression pact.
C) Germany invaded the USSR.
D) Germany invaded Poland.
E) Germany annexed Austria.

Question 59

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
Battle of Midway

Question 60

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
Adolf Hitler

Question 61

Stalin, Mussolini and Hitler were all dictat ors. What political ideology was each following? How did each rise to power?

Question 62

What was the source of conflict between Japan and China from 1931 to 1945?

Question 63

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
Holocaust

Question 64

The Depression in the 1930s was the deepest and most widespread economic collapse in history. What were its international economic and political consequences?

Question 65

How was World War II more of a world war than World War I? How did the violence and destruction of each compare?

Question 66

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
Hiroshima

Question 67

Who was Mao Zedong, and how did he present a challenge to the Chinese government? What was the Long March?

Question 68

Discuss the implementation of the Five-Year Plans in the Soviet Union and their political, social, and economic effects.

Question 69

What were some of the technological advances during World War II that made it a "war of science"?

Question 70

Instructions: Explain/Define the following terms.
Auschwitz