Deck 2: Challenges for Managers

Question 1

According to the chief executive officers of U.S. corporations, _____ is a major challenge that managers must overcome to remain competitive.

A)managing employees' personal finances
B)leading a diverse workforce
C)localizing a firm's operations
D)anticipating changes in foreign currency valuations

Answer 1

B

Question 2

The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA):

A)took effect in 1984.
B)inhibited globalization after it came into effect.
C)added new tariffs to the existing tariffs on U.S. exports.
D)reduced trade barriers among United States, Canada, and Mexico.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Which of the following is true in societies with low power distance?

A)Bosses are afforded more authority.
B)People believe in minimizing inequality.
C)People are highly threatened by one another.
D)Titles are used and formality is the rule.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

_____ is the Chinese practice of building networks for social exchange.

A)Taguchi
B)Guanxi
C)Kanban
D)Kibbutzim

Question 5

Which of the following is most likely true of transnational organizations?

A)They inhibit globalization.
B)They employ a multicultural mix of workers.
C)They are also called multidomestic organizations.
D)They operate exclusively in their respective home countries.

Question 6

Cultural differences between _____ are perceived as microcultural differences.

A)two generations of Japanese people
B)the people of two different continents
C)two people from the same age group but from different countries
D)a millennial from the United States and a baby boomer from Mexico

Question 7

What were once called multinational organizations are now referred to as _____, indicating that the global viewpoint supersedes national issues.

A)transnational organizations
B)conventional organizations
C)domestic organizations
D)modern organizations

Question 8

Many Chinese use guanxi , or personal connections, to:

A)reward employees at work.
B)conduct business or obtain jobs.
C)evaluate the performance of individual group members.
D)understand the global work environment.

Question 9

According to the chief executive officers of U.S. corporations, which of the following is a major challenge that managers must overcome to remain competitive?

A)Globalizing their firm's operations
B)Managing personal finances
C)Managing a uniform workforce
D)Anticipating changes in foreign currency valuations

Question 10

John is from a culture in which the social framework is loose. Instead of being loyal to his organization, he solely focuses on his own goals and his family's well-being. It is evident that John belongs to a culture where _____ predominates.

A)individualism
B)collectivism
C)communalism
D)socialism

Question 11

Which of the following is true in countries with high power distance?

A)Formality is not an obligation.
B)Titles are used.
C)People are less threatened by one another.
D)People believe in minimizing inequality.

Question 12

The _____ eliminated the heavy tariffs placed by Mexico on U.S. exports and provided that the remaining tariffs be phased out over time.

A)G-3 Free Trade Agreement
B)General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
C)North American Free Trade Agreement
D)ASEAN Free Trade Area

Question 13

_____ is the degree to which a culture accepts unequal distribution of power.

A)Power ceiling
B)Power deck
C)Power norm
D)Power distance

Question 14

Martha is from a culture that has a tightly knit social framework. She is a part of a non-governmental organization in which the members strongly depend on each other and value group decisions. It is evident that Martha belongs to a culture that is characterized by _____.

A)individualism
B)collectivism
C)communalism
D)socialism

Question 15

_____ are managers who work in a country other than their home country.

A)Expatriate managers
B)Repatriate managers
C)Pitchfork managers
D)Pontificating managers

Question 16

Which of the following is true of collectivistic managers?

A)They focus on their individual goals.
B)They seek to fit harmoniously within a group.
C)They discourage employees from collaborating.
D)They keep their families' best interests above their organizations'.

Question 17

_____ is a cultural orientation in which individuals belong to tightly knit social frameworks and depend strongly on extended families or clans.

A)Collectivism
B)Individualism
C)Behaviorism
D)Socialism

Question 18

In countries with a high power distance, _____.

A)formality is the rule
B)titles are not used
C)people trust one another
D)employees judge each other on a basis of equality

Question 19

_____ is a cultural orientation in which people belong to loose social frameworks and their primary concern is for themselves and their families.

A)Collectivism
B)Individualism
C)Communitarianism
D)Socialism

Question 20

In the context of competing in the global economy, globalization suggests that:

A)the world's cultural diversity is of no significance to transnational organizations.
B)the world is divided by borders and diverse cultures.
C)the world is free from national boundaries and is borderless.
D)an organization's nationality is held strongly in consciousness.

Question 21

In societies with low power distance, _____.

A)bosses are afforded more authority
B)managers and employees judge each other on a basis of equality
C)managers and employees see one another as fundamentally different kinds of people
D)titles are used and formality is the rule

Question 22

Unlike in societies with a high power distance, in societies with a low power distance, _____.

A)people believe in maximizing inequality
B)employees refrain from bypassing the boss
C)managers are given authority only if they have expertise
D)managers and employees see one another as fundamentally different kinds of people

Question 23

People in cultures with high uncertainty avoidance:

A)tend to avoid conflict.
B)tolerate ambiguity better.
C)tend to accept dissenting viewpoints.
D)are more willing to take risks.

Question 24

Unlike people in cultures with high uncertainty avoidance, people in cultures with a low uncertainty avoidance _____.

A)see conflict as constructive
B)are not willing to take risks
C)are concerned with security and tend to avoid conflict
D)favor consensus instead of dissenting viewpoints

Question 25

Managers feel that dealing with diversity is a paramount concern because managers:

A)have low uncertainty avoidance.
B)must disregard customs and traditions.
C)must communicate with employees who have different values.
D)are given authority only if they have expertise.

Question 26

Diversity has garnered increasing attention in recent years largely because:

A)understanding diversity results in more profits.
B)the national issues are superseding global viewpoint.
C)the practice of building networks for social exchange.
D)of demographic changes in the working population.

Question 27

Which of the following statements is true of cultures characterized by traditional masculinity?

A)Achievement is admired.
B)Quality of life is very important.
C)People and the environment are emphasized.
D)Relationships are valued.

Question 28

_____ is a cultural orientation in which assertiveness and materialism are valued.

A)Femininity
B)Low power distance
C)High power distance
D)Masculinity

Question 29

In cultures characterized by traditional femininity, _____.

A)the quality of life is not considered important
B)money and possessions are of paramount importance
C)men and women are expected to assume both assertive and nurturing roles
D)men are assumed to be tender and modest, whereas women are assumed to be tough and decisive

Question 30

In cultures characterized by traditional masculinity, _____.

A)women should be assertive
B)men should be modest
C)women should be tough
D)men should be decisive

Question 31

_____ is the degree to which a culture tolerates ambiguity.

A)Power distance
B)Guanxi
C)Uncertainty avoidance
D)Kibbutzim

Question 32

In the context of the U.S. workforce, minority workers are less likely to be prepared to face severe economic difficulties and high crime rates in large cities because:

A)their share of authority and compensation does not increase.
B)they are less likely to have had satisfactory schooling.
C)they only have on-the-job training skills.
D)they are the underutilized talents of the workforce.

Question 33

Managers feel that dealing with diversity is a paramount concern because of the need to:

A)motivate varied work groups.
B)increase power distance.
C)decrease uncertainty avoidance.
D)introduce competitive inertia.

Question 34

Which of the following statements is true of people in cultures with high uncertainty avoidance?

A)They are inclined toward accepting individual differences.
B)They are inclined to take risks.
C)They accept dissenting viewpoints.
D)They tend to seek consensus.

Question 35

_____ is defined as all forms of difference among individuals, including culture, gender, age, ability, religion, personality, social status, and sexual orientation.

A)Diversity
B)Power distance
C)Guanxi
D)Kibbutzim

Question 36

People in cultures with low uncertainty avoidance:

A)tend to avoid conflict.
B)do not take risks.
C)tolerate ambiguity better.
D)do not accept dissenting viewpoints.

Question 37

The globalization of business and changing demographic trends present organizations with a culturally diverse workforce, creating the challenge:

A)to prepare women to contribute in organizations.
B)to hire workers exclusively from one country.
C)to harness the wealth of differences provided by cultural diversity.
D)to take a more activist position regarding employee rights.

Question 38

In the context of ethnic diversity, which of the following statements is true of African American workers and Hispanic American workers in the United States?

A)They are overrepresented in declining occupations.
B)They are not likely to face economic difficulties.
C)A majority of them have had schooling.
D)They collectively constitute more than 25 percent of the total U.S. population.

Question 39

African American workers and Hispanic American workers in the United States are less likely to be prepared to face severe economic difficulties and high crime rates in large cities because:

A)their get paid drastically less than other ethnic groups.
B)they have a lower population density than other ethnic groups.
C)they have not had satisfactory on-the-job training.
D)they are the most underutilized talents of the workforce.

Question 40

Which of the following statements is true of people in cultures with low uncertainty avoidance?

A)They are not willing to take risks.
B)They are comfortable with individual differences.
C)They are concerned with security and tend to avoid conflict.
D)They tend to seek consensus in an effort to moderate the threat of life's inherent uncertainty.

Question 41

_____ is a transparent barrier that keeps women from rising above a certain level in organizations.

A)Femininity
B)A pitch deck
C)Guanxi
D)The glass ceiling

Question 42

Which of the following is true of the corporations that shatter the glass ceiling?

A)They give men more importance than women.
B)Their upper managers show support for the advancement of women.
C)They incorporate systems to identify men with high potential for advancement.
D)Their middle managers allocate lesser number of tasks to women than men.

Question 43

Which of the following is a benefit of diversity management in the workplace?

A)It leads to better communication.
B)It enhances organizational flexibility.
C)It leads to faster decision making.
D)It helps in solving interpersonal conflicts.

Question 44

Which of the following is a potential problem of diversity in the workplace?

A)It reduces organizational flexibility.
B)It leads to lack of cohesiveness.
C)It fails to aid marketing efforts.
D)It inhibits innovation.

Question 45

Corporations and business enterprises tend to subscribe to _____.

A)cultural relativism
B)universal moralism
C)consequential ethics
D)rule-based ethics

Question 46

Which of the following is a risk created by the changing demographic trends that present organizations with a culturally diverse workforce?

A)Stereotypes may prevent managers from developing synergies to benefit the organization.
B)Women's compensation may not increase commensurately with their education.
C)The aging workforce may decrease intergenerational contact at work.
D)People who adhere strictly to cultural relativism may avoid difficult ethical dilemmas.

Question 47

Which of the following statements is true of managing workplace diversity?

A)It makes companies less competitive.
B)It decreases intergenerational contact at work.
C)It impairs employees' problem-solving abilities.
D)It requires a thorough examination of employees' hidden assumptions.

Question 48

In the context of the aging U.S. workforce, baby boomers:

A)tend to regard the silent generation as complacent.
B)are currently holding most leadership positions.
C)are the most informed people in terms of technology.
D)refrain from taking activist position regarding employee rights.

Question 49

Which of the following is a similarity between prejudice and discrimination?

A)Both diminish organizational productivity.
B)Both help in minimizing inequality.
C)Both value assertiveness and materialism.
D)Both are characterized by traditional masculinity.

Question 50

In the context of valuing diversity, which of the following is a difference between prejudice and discrimination?

A)Prejudice is a cultural orientation in which people belong to loose social frameworks, whereas discrimination is a cultural orientation in which individuals belong to tightly knit social frameworks.
B)Prejudice relates to the acceptance of the unequal distribution of power, whereas discrimination relates to the tolerance of ambiguity and uncertainty.
C)Prejudice emphasizes results of behavior, whereas discrimination emphasizes the character of an individual.
D)Prejudice is an attitude, whereas discrimination describes behavior.

Question 51

In the context of age diversity, which of the following statements is true of the baby boomers?

A)They are also called the silent generation.
B)They tend to strive for moral rights in the workplace.
C)They are people born between 1965 and 1976.
D)They struggle to integrate into a cohesive group.

Question 52

Older employees in an organization _____ than their younger counterparts.

A)are less committed to their organization
B)require substantially less motivation
C)are more satisfied with their jobs
D)place more importance on independence and creativity

Question 53

Identify a benefit of diversity in the workplace.

A)It welcomes change.
B)It improves cohesiveness.
C)It aids marketing efforts.
D)It helps in solving interpersonal conflicts.

Question 54

Identify a potential problem of workforce diversity.

A)It poses resistance to change.
B)It fails to retain the best available human talent.
C)It fails to aid marketing efforts.
D)It inhibits creativity.

Question 55

Which of the following is true of the women in the U.S. labor force?

A)Their participation rate, as for men, has declined since 1999.
B)They were not affected by the Great Recession.
C)They earn less than 30 percent of all the master's degrees in the United States.
D)Their share of authority has increased commensurately with their education.

Question 56

In the context of age diversity, which of the following statements is true of younger workers?

A)They may view older workers as resistant to change.
B)They are more satisfied with their jobs than older workers.
C)They are more committed to their organization than older workers.
D)They strive for moral rights in the workplace.

Question 57

Which of the following statements is true of women in the workforce?

A)They are not represented on standing committees.
B)Their share of authority is increasing commensurately with their education.
C)A majority of them occupy line positions in business.
D)They receive fewer benefits than their male counterparts.

Question 58

Which of the following is true of individuals with disabilities in the United States?

A)Their unemployment rate is less than 10 percent.
B)They make up less than 20 million of the U.S. population.
C)Their employment conditions are not protected by any law.
D)They are an underutilized human resource.

Question 59

_____ of ethics emphasize the results of behavior.

A)Consequential theories
B)Rule-based theories
C)Character theories
D)Fact-based theories

Question 60

People born from 1946 through 1964 are called _____.

A)Generation X
B)the baby boomlets
C)the baby boomers
D)Generation Y

Question 61

Cultural relativism refers to the idea that:

A)people should not be allowed to pursue what is in their economic self-interest.
B)local standards guide ethical behavior.
C)good is the ultimate moral value.
D)good consequences do not always follow right actions.

Question 62

In countries with a high power distance, people believe in minimizing inequality.

Question 63

Which of the following is true of character theories of ethics?

A)They are based on Smith's doctrine of natural liberty.
B)They are based on Immanuel Kant's categorical imperative.
C)They emphasize the consequences or results of behavior.
D)They emphasize the personal virtues and intent of an individual.

Question 64

Ethical theories help us understand, evaluate, and classify moral arguments.

Question 65

Mr. Okazaki has been born and brought up in Japan. However, he is employed as a manager at Honda plant in Marysville, Ohio. It can be said that Mr. Okazaki is an expatriate manager.

Question 66

The glass ceiling is the degree to which a culture tolerates ambiguity and uncertainty.

Question 67

Which of the following statements is true of corporate social responsibility?

A)Organizations are not obliged to behave ethically in their social environment.
B)Ethical conduct at the organizational level can translate into social responsibility at the individual level.
C)Multiple stakeholders expect organizations to engage in socially responsible actions.
D)Firms that are seen as socially responsible lack competitive advantage.

Question 68

In cultures characterized by traditional femininity, assertiveness and materialism are valued.

Question 69

Which of the following statements is true of Smith's doctrine of natural liberty?

A)It states that the self-interest of human beings is the government's providence.
B)It states that people should be allowed to pursue what is in their economic self-interest.
C)An individual's inner character is the focus of this ethical concept.
D)The character of an act is the focus of this ethical concept.

Question 70

In corporations that shatter the glass ceiling, upper managers demonstrate support for the advancement of women.

Question 71

Procedural justice concerns:

A)creativity and innovation.
B)organizational flexibility.
C)the fairness of the process by which outcomes are allocated.
D)the fairness of outcomes individuals receive.

Question 72

In societies with low power distance, bosses are afforded more authority, which is seldom bypassed, titles are used, and formality is the rule.

Question 73

An organization in which the national issues supersede the global viewpoint is a transnational organization.

Question 74

Cultures characterized by individualism are tightly knit social frameworks in which individual members depend strongly on others and group decisions are valued and accepted.

Question 75

_____ of ethics emphasize the character of an act itself, not its effects, in arriving at universal moral rights and wrongs.

A)Consequential theories
B)Rule-based theories
C)Character theories
D)Fact-based theories

Question 76

Consequential theories of ethics emphasize the character of the act itself, not its effects, in arriving at universal moral rights and wrongs.

Question 77

_____ includes crude comments or sexual jokes and behaviors that convey hostility toward a particular gender.

A)Gender coercion
B)Sexual exploitation
C)Gender harassment
D)Sexual abuse

Question 78

In the context of ethical dilemmas facing the modern organization, whistle-blowing is:

A)an example of white-collar crime.
B)a powerful influence on corporate America.
C)an illustration of distributive justice.
D)an unethical act.

Question 79

Which of the following involves repeated pressures for dates?

A)Sexual coercion
B)Unwanted sexual attention
C)Gender harassment
D)Sexual abuse

Question 80

According to Immanuel Kant's categorical imperative, _____.

A)individuals should not be used as a means to an end
B)individuals need not be treated with respect all the time
C)people should be allowed to pursue what is in their economic self-interest
D)the self-interest of human beings is the government's providence