Deck 9: The Transformation of American Society

Question 1

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term.
Speculators, squatters

Answer 1

Answer not provided.

Question 2

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term.
Black Hawk

Answer 2

Answer not provided.

Question 3

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term.
Transportation revolution

Answer 3

Answer not provided.

Question 4

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term.
Erie Canal

Question 5

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term.
Five Civilized Tribes

Question 6

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term.
Old Northwest, Old Southwest

Question 7

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term.
Gibbons v. Ogden

Question 8

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term.
Bank of the United States; Second Bank of the United States

Question 9

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term.
Samuel Slater

Question 10

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term.
"Trail of Tears"

Question 11

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term.
Indian Removal Act

Question 12

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term.
Cherokee Nation v. Georgia and Worcester v. Georgia

Question 13

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term.
"Alabama Fever"

Question 14

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term.
Alexis de Tocqueville

Question 15

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term.
John Jacob Astor

Question 16

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term.
National Road

Question 17

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term.
Market Economy

Question 18

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term.
Panic of 1819

Question 19

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term.
Andrew Jackson

Question 20

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term.
Robert Fulton and the Clermont

Question 21

What was the direction of the population movement that took place between 1790 and 1840?

A) From the North to the South
B) From the Atlantic coast to the areas west of the Appalachians (the Old Northwest and Southwest)
C) From New England to California
D) From the Old Northwest back to New England
E) From the Pacific Northwest back to the Great Plains

Question 22

Which of the following is not a characteristic of the typical pioneer settlers?

A) They migrated as families.
B) They craved sociability.
C) They sought stability and security.
D) They tended to cluster with people who hailed from the same region back east.
E) They were wild and restless individualists.

Question 23

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term.
Richard Allen, African Methodist Episcopal Church

Question 24

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term.
"Middling classes"

Question 25

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term.
V ertical allegiances

Question 26

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term.
Doctrine of separate spheres

Question 27

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term.
Francis Cabot Lowell

Question 28

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term.
Waltham and Lowell mills

Question 29

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term.
Eli Whitney

Question 30

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term.
Catherine Beecher, William Alcott's The Young Man's Guide

Question 31

How did Samuel Slater transform American economic life?

A) He introduced the assembly line system to factories.
B) He proposed the use of immigrants as a labor supply.
C) He integrated the steam engine with the factory production process.
D) He helped design and built the country's first cotton mill.
E) He organized the first joint-stock company in American history.

Question 32

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term.
"Outwork"

Question 33

The women who worked in the new mills in Lowell and Waltham

A) comprised 30 percent of the workers in textile mills by 1830.
B) saw themselves as part of a permanent working class.
C) tended to marry later in life to men who were less affluent.
D) regarded the opportunity to work as a chance to improve their lives.
E) considered factory work a stepping stone to careers and lifelong independence.

Question 34

As pioneers moved westward between 1790 and 1820, where did they tend to settle?

A) They tended to settle in large urban areas where jobs were available
B) They tended to settle on lakes and ponds away from other human society
C) They tended to settle along railroad lines where they could meet new people
D) They tended to settle in desolate plains or isolated forests, as far from other settlers as possible
E) They tended to settle along rivers and with people from the same region back East

Question 35

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term.
Horizontal allegiances

Question 36

Which of the following was not one of the developments that took place in the United States after the War of 1812?

A) Improvements in transportation
B) Growth of interregional trade and westward migration
C) Slowing of economic growth
D) Growth of towns
E) Massive uprooting of Native American populations

Question 37

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term.
Charles Knowlton, Fruits of Philosophy

Question 38

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term.
Lydia Sigourney, Letters to Mothers

Question 39

During the first half of the 1800s, free blacks in the North

A) lost voting rights in every major city except Boston.
B) were banned from migrating across some state borders
C) faced segregation in public schools, jails, and hospitals.
D) were relegated to the lowest-paid and least-skilled jobs.
E) All of these choices

Question 40

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term.
Voluntary association

Question 41

Early American steamboats

A) became ornate and luxurious.
B) took the lead in voluntary safety precautions.
C) were used mainly on the transatlantic routes, but were uneconomical in river trade.
D) were subsidized by the federal government.
E) were unpopular methods of transportation because they were slow and uncomfortable.

Question 42

In Worcester v. Georgia , the Supreme Court ruled that the Cherokee Nation

A) was a distinct political community and entitled to federal protection from Georgia's claims.
B) was subject to federal but not state laws.
C) was not protected by the Constitution.
D) was bound by state laws.
E) could sue individuals but not the state government.

Question 43

What was Alabama fever?

A) an outbreak of yellow fever in Alabama that devastated settlers in the 1820s.
B) a rush to settle in the rich farmlands of Alabama that caused the price of land to skyrocket.
C) an illness that affected mainly Native Americans that forced them to move elsewhere.
D) an epidemic that began as a bird influenza.
E) None of these choices

Question 44

Which of the following is not a true statement about the Five Civilized Tribes?

A) They were Cherokees, Choctaws, Creeks, Huron, and Seminoles.
B) They had traded and intermarried with whites for many years.
C) Southern ministers were pleased that some members had converted to Christianity.
D) Northern missionaries were impressed by the tribes' advanced agriculture, Christianity and written language skills.
E) Most of them were full-bloods who wanted to cling to land and customs.

Question 45

Which of the following is not true of the Cherokee Indians?

A) They were one of the Five Civilized Tribes.
B) They supported the movement of Indians out of the South.
C) They included an influential minority of mixed-bloods who embraced Christianity and owned slaves.
D) They published their own newspaper.
E) They engaged in agriculture.

Question 46

What impact did the Erie Canal have on New York City?

A) It forced New York to support other canal projects.
B) It turned New York into the nation's largest city.
C) It affect New York very little since the canal was connected to Boston.
D) It caused New York to build a new bureaucratic structure to manage the canal.
E) It enabled immigrants arriving in New York to move South much quicker.

Question 47

Which of the following is not a principle drawn from Chief Justice John Marshall's decisions on federal Indian policy?

A) Native Americans had a right to their land because of prolonged occupancy.
B) Native Americans were entitled to federal protection.
C) They were to be considered a domestic dependent nation.
D) They were, essentially, a republic within Georgia.
E) Native Americans were a distinct political community.

Question 48

Which of the following did not stimulate westward settlement?

A) Military bounties in the form of land grants to veterans of the War of 1812
B) Building the National Road
C) The growing strength of the federal government
D) Admission of new states into the Union
E) Federal support of existing Indian settlements

Question 49

In 1838, why did thousands of Cherokees move from the southeastern United States to Indian Territory in what is now Oklahoma?

A) They were too ignorant and depraved to remain in a civilized section of the country.
B) They were forced to move by the federal government.
C) They longed to rejoin their cousins, who had moved west in the 17^th century.
D) They were pawns in diplomatic negotiations between the United States and Spain.
E) They were fleeing from the floods and crop failures that had devastated the Southeast.

Question 50

All of the following are accurate descriptions of U.S. relationships with Indians during the 1830s except

A) The U.S. acquired 190 million acres of Northwest Indian land for $70 million.
B) More than 8,000 Cherokees were forced off their land and marched to Oklahoma with more than a third dying along the way or just after arriving.
C) Indians attempted to hold onto their land by suing in U.S. courts.
D) Some tribes relied on skilled chiefs and negotiators to get a fair price for their land.
E) The U.S. paid the Cherokees $5.6 million for their land.

Question 51

Which conclusion did Americans not draw from the Panic of 1819?

A) Banks could not be trusted.
B) American industries had to be protected against foreign competition.
C) Farmers had become entrepreneurs.
D) Farmers had become dependent on distant markets over which they had little control.
E) Land speculation could be financially risky.

Question 52

What was the consequence of Indian resistance leader Black Hawk's confrontation with federal troops in 1832?

A) He was able to negotiate a peaceful settlement.
B) His downfall and doomed mission led other tribes in the Old Northwest to relinquish their lands to the United States.
C) His success in battle managed to delay further settlement of the Old Northwest by two decades.
D) The United States government began its reservation policy.
E) It led to the forced migration of Creeks and Chickasaws further west.

Question 53

Which of the following commodities was a major agricultural product of the Old Southwest?

A) Wheat
B) Apples
C) Oranges
D) Corn
E) Cotton

Question 54

The purpose of the Indian Removal Act of 1830 was to

A) eliminate barriers to Indian unity.
B) encourage Georgia to establish Indian schools.
C) remove Indians from the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court.
D) move them from land needed to construct canals.
E) facilitate white settlement on Indian lands.

Question 55

What was the purpose of the National Road?

A) to provide work for veterans of the War of 1812.
B) to facilitate westward migration.
C) to encourage a political alliance between Virginia and Illinois.
D) to permit easy troop movements across America in the event of war.
E) to enable the president to reach Washington easily.

Question 56

What unintended consequence did the Embargo Act of 1807 produce?

A) It forced American ship builders to develop improved technology.
B) It increased American trade with South America.
C) It led to the development of a railroad connecting the cities on the eastern seaboard.
D) It stimulated merchants to invest their capital into domestic factories.
E) It persuaded the British to end their blockade.

Question 57

Which of the following statements is the best description of federal land policy from 1790 to 1820?

A) Federalists encouraged sales of large blocks of land to speculators, whereas Republicans favored selling federal land in smaller tracts to less wealthy buyers.
B) A political consensus kept land policy above partisan or sectional politics.
C) Federal land policy was consistent throughout the period.
D) Federal land was sold off to the highest bidder, usually railroad and canal interests.
E) The federal government allowed the states total control over the distribution of public lands.

Question 58

Why was Alexis de Tocqueville interested in visiting the United States?

A) To help establish a cotton mill in Waltham
B) To investigate American democracy
C) To find a location where he could hide from the French secret police
D) To demonstrate that American society was teetering on collapse and headed for another revolution
E) To investigate the causes of the long economic depression that had caused so much hardship in the new nation

Question 59

In Gibbons v. Ogden the Supreme Court ruled that Congress had the authority to

A) regulate navigation on rivers.
B) expel Indians from within state borders.
C) limit trade with foreign countries.
D) buy and sell public lands.
E) cancel state financial obligations.

Question 60

Squatters

A) tended to gobble up all available public land.
B) exerted a restraining influence on the land speculator.
C) lobbied for a stronger Indian removal policy.
D) brought about the Panic of 1819.
E) were removed from the West by new federal land policy enacted in 1841.

Question 61

Explore the agricultural boom after the War of 1812. What happened to agricultural production and prices? How did the federal government facilitate the growth? Why did the boom ultimately end?

Question 62

Describe the transportation revolution in the first half of the 19^th century. What changes occurred in transportation? Why? How did these changes affect the American economy?

Question 63

Which of the following best describes crop and land use patterns in the United States by the 1830s?

A) In New England, industry languished in the post-war depression, causing a revival of New England agriculture.
B) Small farmers moved to the South and large planters moved to the Old Northwest.
C) The Old Northwest boomed with land development and wheat production.
D) In the Old Southwest, cotton growing skyrocketed while land prices plummeted.
E) The 1830s saw a revival of the small family farm.

Question 64

During the pre-Civil War period, the shift from vertical to horizontal allegiances signified:

A) A move away from hierarchical relationships to those that were more egalitarian and/or socially-driven
B) Greater equality between men and women
C) The end of the nuclear family
D) The decline of religious influence in people's lives
E) All of these choices

Question 65

During the antebellum period, what happened to the birthrate among native-born white women?

A) It declined.
B) It rose slightly.
C) It remained the same.
D) It rose dramatically.
E) none of these choices

Question 66

What led Richard Allen and other African Americans to establish their own Protestant denomination, the African Methodist Episcopal Church?

A) They wanted to fuse together the beliefs of both the Methodist and Episcopal religions into one faith.
B) They thought having a church of their own would lend credibility to their antislavery efforts.
C) They were angered by the discrimination they faced in white-led churches.
D) They wanted to ensure a proper religious education for their children.
E) All of these choices

Question 67

Outwork was

A) any employment that required you to be outside.
B) the process of coloring cloth.
C) a manufacturing system where a merchant distributed raw materials to individuals and paid them to make a finished product.
D) a new manufacturing process where raw materials were distributed to specific factories for production.
E) the new urban sanitation movement that transformed American cities in the 1830s.

Question 68

What did the intense antebellum criticism of lawyers, physicians, ministers, and other professionals indicate about America?

A) People no longer had need for doctors.
B) People were becoming less religious.
C) Americans were inclined to question authority.
D) Professional schools were undergoing a crisis and needed to reform their curricula.
E) Professional corruption had reached new peaks.

Question 69

Compare and contrast the typical pioneer with the legendary "mountain men." How were western customs and society different from eastern customs and society?

Question 70

Charles Knowlton was frequently prosecuted because he

A) practiced witchcraft.
B) wrote a descriptive book describing feminine hygiene which violated obscenity laws.
C) helped women suffragists vote in places where it was illegal.
D) claimed Christianity was a hoax and slandered leading ministers.
E) employed violent tactics in demanding the end of slavery.

Question 71

New England became America's first industrial region in part because it had

A) only a few rivers to interfere with transportation.
B) an influx of foreign capital.
C) a surplus of young women to work in the mills.
D) a surplus of young men returning from fur trapping in the West.
E) a commercial economy that had been devastated by trade wars.

Question 72

The Waltham and Lowell textile mills were more advanced than the mills established by Samuel Slater because they, unlike the Slater mills, produced

A) yarn.
B) finished fabrics.
C) sheets of cloth.
D) colored cloth.
E) multilayered cloth.

Question 73

The doctrine of "separate spheres" suggested that many Antebellum Americans believed that

A) children and parents should not mingle.
B) men were to dominate worldly pursuits, while women would gain power in the home via their moral influence.
C) moral issues should be determined by the church, while economic issues should be determined by the family.
D) business affairs were best conducted in the factory and the office, and workers had no role in making decisions.
E) Indians and Americans of European ancestry should be allowed to live in separate regions of the country.

Question 74

Which of the following changes in marriage patterns did not occur in the antebellum period?

A) Romantic love had a greater role in marriage decisions.
B) More women married out of birth order.
C) Fewer couples had lengthy engagements.
D) Young people had greater control over courtship and marriage.
E) More women chose not to marry.

Question 75

Analyze the causes and consequences of the Panic of 1819. What events and/or issues led to the economic downturn? What were the direct effects of the panic on the American economy? How did it change Americans' views of issues involving the economy like banks?

Question 76

What was the economic status of most people in antebellum America?

A) Wealthy
B) Upper class
C) Middling
D) Destitute
E) Bankrupt

Question 77

What was one of the major changes that took place in American towns and cities between 1820 and 1860?

A) Western towns declined as more people moved to farms.
B) Towns grew rapidly, especially in the West.
C) River cities rose to prominence while lake cities declined.
D) Cities tended to grow up on the open plains of the West.
E) Eastern cities declined, as more people moved to the West.

Question 78

What was the first major canal project in the United States?

A) The Blackstone Canal
B) The Chesapeake and Ohio Canal
C) The Panama Canal
D) The Connecticut and Berkshire Canal
E) The Erie Canal

Question 79

Which of the following was not one of the conclusions that Alexis de Tocqueville reached about American society?

A) Some white Americans were rich and others poor.
B) Many blacks were enslaved.
C) There was more equality of condition in America than in France.
D) American citizens thought that they were equal to each other.
E) Americans were very compliant when it came to taking orders.

Question 80

Why did the federal government pursue a policy of Indian removals? Which Indian tribes in particular were affected? How had their lives changed by the 1840s?