Deck 29: Challenges of Nation Building in Africa and the Middle East

Question 1

Is it realistic to argue that the Muslim societies of North Africa are so different from those of sub-Saharan Africa that they actually have nothing in common except geographic proximity and the fact that both are ex-colonial areas? Why or why not?

Answer 1

Answers will vary.

Question 2

What has been the significance of the concepts of Pan-Africanism and nationalism in the development of the independent nations of Africa?

Answer 2

Answers will vary.

Question 3

"Islamic traditionalism is defining the present Middle East and will continue to do so into the foreseeable future." Discuss, pro and con.

Answer 3

Answers will vary.

Question 4

Compare and contrast developments in the Middle East during the era preceding World War II with those of the war years and after. Are the changes due primarily to the war's impact on the peoples of the Middle East or on other factors? Why?

Question 5

Is it accurate to claim that Turkey and Iran, both non-Arabic societies, may be the two most influential countries in the Middle East? Why or why not?

Question 6

What arguments have Islamic modernists advanced a) in favor of the rights of women in Islamic states, and b) against both historical and present-day violent pan-Islamic actions?

Question 7

Discuss the experience of women in the Middle East in the twentieth century. Have options and conditions improved? If so, how? If not, why not and what has happened instead?

Question 8

Discuss the impact of change in Africa over the course of the twentieth century. In what areas of society have there been the most dramatic changes, and where have continuity of traditional ways held fast? Be specific and give examples.

Question 9

Fifty years after independence, what are the present responsibilities, if any, that the former imperialist European nations owe to Africa?

Question 10

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Nelson Mandela

Question 11

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Mau Mau

Question 12

Why has the Arab-Israeli dispute proven so difficult to resolve? Does a solution seem any more likely now than during the 1970s or 1980s? Why or why not?

Question 13

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
uhuru

Question 14

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Kwame Nkrumah and the Convention People's Party

Question 15

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
"African form of socialism"

Question 16

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
African National Congress (ANC)

Question 17

Describe the economic role of the oil industry and its relationship to political stability or instability in the nations of the Middle East. Are there policies by which outside powers can aid in creating stability there, or have they already "done too much"?

Question 18

What problems did the European concept of "nation-state" pose for Africa and the Middle East after World War II, and what alternatives to communal identity were proposed in these regions? To what extent were/are these alternatives realized?

Question 19

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Jomo Kenyatta and KANU

Question 20

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Organization of African Unity (OAU)

Question 21

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
apartheid

Question 22

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
African Economic Community (AEC), 1991

Question 23

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
from Zaire's Mobutu Sese Seko to the Democratic Republic of the Congo's Lauren Kabila

Question 24

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Kenya and capitalism

Question 25

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
AIDS

Question 26

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Abioseh Nicol's "A Truly Married Woman"

Question 27

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
F.W. de Klerk

Question 28

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
genital mutilation and polygamy

Question 29

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Nigeria's Olusegun Obasanjo

Question 30

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Pan-Africanism

Question 31

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Palestinian refugees

Question 32

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Israel and Palestine

Question 33

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Sudan's Muslim pastoralists and Christian farmers

Question 34

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Rwanda and Burundi and Hutus and Tutsis

Question 35

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
desertification

Question 36

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
neocolonialism

Question 37

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Tanzania's Julius Nyerere's Arusha Declaration

Question 38

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Wole Soyinka

Question 39

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Egypt's Gamal Abdul Nasser and the Suez Canal

Question 40

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Nigeria's Christians and Muslims

Question 41

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Persian Gulf and oil

Question 42

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
African Union

Question 43

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Iran's Muhmmad Ahmadinejad

Question 44

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Iraq's Sunnis, Shi'ites, and Kurds

Question 45

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Saddam Hussein and Kuwait

Question 46

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Iran-Iraq War

Question 47

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
1973 Yom Kippur War

Question 48

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
"the great Satan"

Question 49

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Operation Desert Storm

Question 50

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Ayatollah Ruholla Khomeini

Question 51

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Pan-Arabism

Question 52

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
David Ben Gurion

Question 53

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
King Farouk

Question 54

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Anwar al-Sadat and Menachem Begin, and the Camp David Agreement

Question 55

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Muslim Brotherhood

Question 56

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
intifada

Question 57

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
the Taliban and Osama bin Laden

Question 58

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
1967 Six-Day War, the West Bank and the Golan Heights

Question 59

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Yasir Arafat, the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), and al-Fatah

Question 60

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi

Question 61

Among the selectively distributed benefits of Western colonial rule in Africa was/were

A) universal public schooling in all British and Portuguese colonies.
B) medical care, sanitation, and transportation.
C) a well-developed industrial nucleus in the Gold Coast.
D) nuclear power plants in Zimbabwe.
E) pearl fisheries in Libya.

Question 62

Drought conditions and ____ have greatly hindered efforts to create modern economies in Africa.

A) religious tensions
B) rapid population growth
C) declining population
D) lack of interaction with the West
E) a growing class of elites

Question 63

The Western presence in Africa left a legacy that

A) was entirely negative.
B) disappeared immediately when the colonial powers withdrew.
C) was overwhelmingly positive in its impact.
D) mixed, with both positive and negative results.
E) was highly destructive.

Question 64

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Naguib Mahfouz's Cairo Trilogy

Question 65

Uhuru is the famous Swahili word for

A) holy war.
B) freedom.
C) guerilla war.
D) nationalism.
E) superiority.

Question 66

It can be said that, by the late 1960s,

A) Mozambique and Angola were still controlled by Portugal.
B) all of Africa had achieved independence.
C) the French colonies in Africa had still not achieved independence.
D) even Canada had at last agreed to free Gambia.
E) de Gaulle's French Community had produced increased colonial structures in Nigeria.

Question 67

In 1948, South African leaders adopted ____, a policy of legal segregation of the white and black races.

A) Pan-Africanism
B) uhuru
C) kwame
D) desertification
E) apartheid

Question 68

After World War II, many educated Asians and Africans questioned which European concept of communal identity?

A) The nuclear family
B) Global organization
C) Village and tribal identity
D) Dynastic rule
E) The nation state

Question 69

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Islamic Modernism

Question 70

Which of these is NOT a proper match of colonial / post-colonial names of African countries?

A) Gold Coast / Ghana
B) Belgian Congo / Zaire
C) Tanganyika / Tanzania
D) Zanzibar / Tanzania
E) Namibia / Kenya

Question 71

In terms of the chronology of decolonization, it is accurate to say that

A) the first black African nation to become independent was the Congo, called the Banana Coast.
B) the African National Congress became increasingly radical as its modest initial goals were rejected by white South African governments.
C) Ahmad Ben Bella convinced Britain to proclaim Sudanese independence in 1988.
D) Portugal left Angola in 1949.
E) France willingly granted Algeria its independence in 1948.

Question 72

African economic growth has been limited by

A) poor allocation of vital natural resources.
B) the focus on exporting technology and manufactured goods to the West.
C) massive infrastructure projects.
D) excessive water pollution by Africa's successful industrial development.
E) dependence on a single crop or natural resource.

Question 73

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Golda Meir

Question 74

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Islamic women and the veil and chador

Question 75

What was true of the African National Congress?

A) It was originally led by Western-inclined intellectuals who had little popular support.
B) It was initially aimed at achieving full equality for the educated native population through violent means.
C) Its policies met with cooperative reactions from the white majority who held power.
D) In time, its policies became more focused on using peaceful protest to achieve its goals.
E) Its original goal was to achieve a new system of government based on full equality for all Africans.

Question 76

Which statement about early African nationalist activities is FALSE ?

A) Most of the anti-colonial nationalists were committed to violence.
B) They were led by Western-educated African intellectuals.
C) Political organizations for African rights did not arise until after World War I.
D) The ANC in South Africa was created by F.W. de Klerk.
E) At first, many advocates of African rights focused on improving living conditions rather than independence.

Question 77

In regard to agricultural development in colonial Africa, it can be said that

A) the European "Green Revolution" seeds saved millions of lives in the 1930s.
B) most export profits were returned to local populations.
C) most of the native rural population grew their crops solely for their own sustenance.
D) modern industrial development was relevant to the crop production of most Africans.
E) after 1963 opium was shipped from Africa to Afghanistan.

Question 78

The East African term for the people who have achieved a high level of financial success is

A) hokees.
B) dash.
C) wabenzi.
D) chai.
E) bonsella.

Question 79

As African freedom movements became increasingly violent by the mid twentieth century, ____ promised to grant its colonies eventual independence.

A) Great Britain
B) Portugal
C) Spain
D) United States
E) Holland

Question 80

In the years since the nations of Africa attained independence

A) economic wealth, but not social equality, has been achieved in all of Africa except the Republic of South Africa.
B) most of the early pluralistic governments have been replaced by military regimes and one-party states.
C) the goal of economic prosperity has been broadly achieved.
D) social equality has become the norm.
E) communism has taken permanent root in a majority of the nations south of the Sahara.