Deck 10: The High Middle Ages

Question 1

When the First Crusade took the city of Jerusalem in July 1099, they ______________.

A) negotiated the safe exit of women and children
B) demanded the Turks vacate the city
C) slaughtered every inhabitant of the city regardless of religion
D) walked into an ambush and were all killed
E) looted and pillaged the city

Answer 1

slaughtered every inhabitant of the city regardless of religion

Question 2

The Fourth Lateran Council declared all of the following except ______________.

A) standards of clerical behavior
B) that the pope was the highest authority in Christendom
C) that Christians had to go to confession once a year
D) that close relatives could not marry each other
E) that everyone had to tithe 10 percent of their earnings to the church

Answer 2

that everyone had to tithe 10 percent of their earnings to the church

Question 3

Which of the following was not a restriction placed on Jews by the Fourth Lateran Council?

A) Jews must wear distinctive clothing in public.
B) Jews could not hold public office.
C) Jews could not live in Spain.
D) Jews who converted could not return to their previous religion.
E) None of these were restrictions placed on Jews.

Answer 3

Jews could not live in Spain.

Question 4

The Dominicans were best known for ______________.

A) combatting heresy
B) poverty
C) chastity
D) obedience
E) converting Muslims

Question 5

When the First Crusaders came to Constantinople, Anna Comnena thought they were ______________.

A) impressive
B) talkative
C) deeply religious
D) chivalric
E) curious

Question 6

The reform movement in the tenth century began in ______________.

A) Cluny
B) Canossa
C) Worms
D) Cathars
E) Assisi

Question 7

Pope Gregory VII angered many in the nobility when he ______________.

A) declared that education was only for the clergy
B) forbade secular rulers from conferring symbols of office on clergy
C) told Henry IV not to interfere with church business
D) changed the liturgy to make it uniform
E) demanded that clergy refuse to take donations intended only for themselves

Question 8

The Peace of God ______________.

A) declared that knights could not take weapons into church
B) declared that fighting had to be approved by an oath before God
C) ended the conflicts among the various monastic orders
D) allowed fighting only on certain days of the week
E) prohibited violence against women, the poor, and clergy

Question 9

Peter Waldo defied the church and was condemned for questioning what?

A) The need for the sacraments
B) The validity of papal elections
C) Whether churches should own land
D) Whether churches could charge for sacramental rites
E) Why priests could not be married

Question 10

First-born sons inherited titles and property based on the system of ______________.

A) civil law
B) primogeniture
C) patriarchal succession
D) filial piety
E) landholdings

Question 11

The main objection to the appointment of Pope Leo IX was that he ______________.

A) was married
B) was chosen by the Holy Roman emperor rather than church officials
C) had never been a monk
D) was illiterate
E) adhered to the Cistercian model of austerity, which many monks hated

Question 12

Urban II considered the Crusades a(n) ______________.

A) just war
B) unjust war
C) mistake
D) unholy war
E) necessary evil

Question 13

The Order of the Minor Brothers, who focused on relief for the poor and was founded in Assisi, was more commonly known as the ______________.

A) Franciscans
B) Hussites
C) Albigensians
D) Dominicans
E) Poor Clares

Question 14

What was simony?

A) A payment made by a priest to a lord
B) A payment made to a priest by a lord
C) The marriage of a priest to a layperson
D) The marriage of a priest and a nun
E) Church control over land

Question 15

When the Byzantine emperor Alexius I Comnenus needed military assistance against the Seljuk Turks, he wrote to which person in the West?

A) The king of France
B) The Holy Roman emperor
C) The king of England
D) The pope
E) The grand prince of Kievan Rus

Question 16

Urban II told his followers that killing Muslims in Spain ______________.

A) would result in the forgiveness of their sins
B) would be punished in the afterlife
C) should only be done as a last resort
D) would be a violation of Jesus' teachings
E) should only follow the murder of French Jews

Question 17

Who founded the Dominicans?

A) Clare
B) Francis
C) Guzman
D) Waldo
E) Urban

Question 18

How did people in Europe learn of the Crusades?

A) By reading the papal decree
B) Through monks
C) By knights
D) By royal messengers
E) By traveling traders

Question 19

Cistercian monasticism argued for ______________.

A) accumulation of wealth to care for the poor and sick
B) renewed austerity
C) empowering the church through political actions of well-placed ecclesiastic figures
D) allowing more laity to participate in church rituals
E) complete isolation from all nonclergy

Question 20

What was the decision reached at the Concordat of Worms?

A) The nobility had to recognize that the church had higher authority than the laity.
B) The church and state were entirely separate in legal jurisdictions.
C) The laity could not hand symbols of office to the clergy but could give them symbols of temporal authority.
D) The emperor had power over anyone in his land, clergy, or laity.
E) The pope could negate vows of allegiance to a temporal lord.

Question 21

What was one reason for the rise of legal documents in the thirteenth century?

A) Merchant contracts were written by a notary.
B) Trials of disputed wills among displaced noblemen
C) Peace treaties between the city-states made between diplomats
D) Separation of secular from canon law
E) Expansion of French parlements

Question 22

The Reconquista was ______________.

A) the attempt by the Dominican friars to purge heretics in Spain
B) the gradual reclaiming of the Iberian Peninsula by Christian forces
C) the expulsion of all Jews and Muslims from Spain
D) a war against the Albigensians
E) the fifth crusade launched by Spain to retake Jerusalem

Question 23

The military order that helped King Andrew II fight off the Cumans was the ______________.

A) Teutonic Knights
B) Knights Templar
C) Knights Hospitaller
D) Knights of Saint Crispin
E) Order of Malta

Question 24

Who named the Holy Roman Empire?

A) Edward I
B) Henry III
C) Philip IV
D) Fredrick I
E) Fredrick II

Question 25

Which area of Europe saw the swiftest consolidation of political power?

A) England
B) France
C) Spain
D) Holy Roman Empire
E) Flanders

Question 26

The Fourth Crusade saw the knights take the city of ______________.

A) Acre
B) Damascus
C) Jerusalem
D) Constantinople
E) Lisbon

Question 27

What was the name of the French judicial court that was convened by kings and their judges?

A) Council of Justice
B) Parlement
C) Magisterium
D) Lyceé
E) Troubadorial Office

Question 28

The primary use of written documents in the thirteenth century was for ______________.

A) inventories and charters
B) diaries and memoirs
C) popular literature
D) theologic tracts
E) university studies

Question 29

The first person to call for a crusade against heretics in Western Europe was ______________.

A) Pope Innocent III
B) Holy Roman Emperor Frederick I
C) Dominic Guzman
D) King Philip Augustus of France
E) Francis of Assisi

Question 30

Eleanor of Aquitaine was an exception to which rule about noble women in Western Europe?

A) She was not Roman Christian.
B) She refused to marry for political alliances.
C) She established a career as an abbotess.
D) She inherited large amounts of land.
E) She was crowned as co-ruler with Henry II.

Question 31

All of the following were effects of the Crusades except ______________.

A) raising hostility with the Muslim world
B) re-opening long distance trade to Western Europe
C) stimulation of banking techniques
D) growth of literacy
E) legitimating violence against non-Christians

Question 32

The most prestigious school of law in the Middle Ages was in ______________.

A) Genoa
B) London
C) Paris
D) Bologna
E) Amsterdam

Question 33

Who were the members of the Teutonic Knights?

A) Monk-knights who established a headquarters in the former temple of Solomon
B) German merchants who set up a hospital
C) Italian maritime tradesmen who provided ships to reach Jerusalem
D) Dedicated volunteers who secured Syria as a Crusader State
E) Slave traders who followed the Crusaders into siege and captured the conquered

Question 34

The Second Crusade failed because ______________.

A) Conrad III died on the way
B) there was no support from the Knights Templar because France was involved
C) Saladin overthrew the military forces at Jerusalem
D) the Crusaders were guilty of sin, according to the pope
E) there was a massive surge of Muslim forces from south of Damascus

Question 35

Which of the following did not contribute to the increased agricultural output in the Middle Ages?

A) three-field crop rotation
B) oxen as draft animals
C) a heavy plow
D) the use of horses
E) a new collar for draft animals to pull a plow more efficiently

Question 36

The mission of the Knights Templar was ______________.

A) to protect the city of Jerusalem
B) to provide safe passage for money traveling between Europe and Palestine
C) relief for the poor
D) moneylending
E) All of these.

Question 37

The Holy Roman emperor Frederick II allowed Muslims to freely practice their religion in ______________.

A) Jerusalem
B) the Norman Kingdom
C) southern Italy
D) Rome
E) Spain

Question 38

What year was the Magna Carta signed?

A) 1175
B) 1185
C) 1200
D) 1215
E) 1230

Question 39

How did Henry II of England and his sons curtail the strength of the nobility?

A) They forced the nobility to provide military service.
B) They initiated the parliament.
C) They prevented the nobility from building new castles without licenses.
D) They demanded taxes from the nobility.
E) They required participation in the Crusades by law.

Question 40

The reason why the French king was not required to consult with a parliament for raising money, like the English, was that he ______________.

A) did not have a constitution
B) was not dependent on the nobility for money
C) signed a contract limiting his authority
D) had a stronger dynasty
E) made his inner circle all members of his family by blood or marriage

Question 41

The specialty of the University of Paris was the study of ______________.

A) law
B) medicine
C) theology
D) astronomy
E) philosophy

Question 42

Towns and trade grew fastest in which region of Europe?

A) England
B) Germany
C) Flanders
D) Spain
E) France

Question 43

What was the largest problem the church faced, and why did it see a need for reform?

Question 44

All of the following were notable interpreters of Aristotle except ______________.

A) Moses Maimonides
B) Averroës
C) Avicenna
D) Thomas Aquinas
E) Peter Abelard

Question 45

Western monastic scholars trying to understand Aristotle were helped by ______________.

A) better communication and less isolation among scholars
B) the translation of Aristotle's works into Latin
C) the commentaries of Muslim scholars
D) Maimonides' interpretations of Aristotle in Hebrew and Arabic
E) All of these.

Question 46

How did Thomas Becket's murder reflect larger problems between church and state?

Question 47

Were the Crusades successful? Why or why not? By what standard?

Question 48

Discuss the growing interdependence between the Church and and the military in the Middle Ages.

Question 49

Discuss the formation and consequences of the new monastic orders which arose in the Middle Ages.

Question 50

The following are all characteristic of Gothic architecture in cathedrals except ______________.

A) flying buttresses
B) pointed arches
C) extremely high windows and ceilings
D) stained glass windows
E) large, unbroken spaces of solid walls

Question 51

Which of the following statements about slavery in Europe is false ?

A) Christian slave merchants sold slaves from North Africa, Corsica, and Sardinia.
B) Narrowly defining Christians as Roman allowed slave traders to sell Greeks as slaves until 1453.
C) Most Black Sea slaves were women.
D) Religious prohibitions prevented Muslims from selling other Muslims as slaves.
E) Genoese and Venetian merchants dominated the slave trade in the eastern Mediterranean.

Question 52

Scholasticism was ______________.

A) the course of study in cathedral schools
B) the process of understanding the universe through applied logic
C) a rank achieved when one had completed the seven courses of study
D) a secular-sponsored growth of universities
E) a charter granted to students who were in cathedral schools but were not clergy members

Question 53

The author of Guide for the Perplexed was ______________.

A) Aristotle
B) Avicenna
C) Averroës
D) Maimonides
E) Menifiores

Question 54

Describe the creation and identity of the Holy Roman Empire.

Question 55

The specialty trade of Flanders was ______________.

A) spices
B) textiles
C) perfumes
D) paper
E) metals

Question 56

What were the restrictions placed on Jews after the Fourth Lateran Council, and what were their effects?

Question 57

Why did institutions of higher learning flourish in the Middle Ages?

Question 58

What forms did trade take in the late Middle Ages?

Question 59

Thomas Aquinas' work Summa Theologiae was an attempt to ______________.

A) assert that faith was necessary before reason
B) attempt a complete statement of Christian philosophy
C) establish all rules of the Lateran councils in one document
D) explain why the Pope was a higher authority than a king
E) refute the words of Peter Abelard

Question 60

Discuss the role of slavery in the Middle ages.

Question 61

At the University of Bologna, prospective jurists learned principles of law through Justinian's Body of Civil Law.

Question 62

William of Normandy became king of England after the Battle of Hastings in 1066.

Question 63

Peter Abelard was revered by the church and canonized upon his death in 1142.

Question 64

When King Philip Augustus defaulted on his loan to Jewish moneylenders, he also expelled them from France.

Question 65

Towns grew fastest in the cities of England.

Question 66

Instructions: Please define the following key terms.
Richard I

Question 67

Gothic architecture made much greater use of stained glass than Romanesque style.

Question 68

How did the rise of trade in Western Europe affect labor specialization?

Question 69

In the twelfth century, most of the slaves sold by Christian merchants were from the Black Sea area.

Question 70

Instructions: Please define the following key terms.
Francis of Assisi

Question 71

Instructions: Please define the following key terms.
Knights Templar

Question 72

Priests were never allowed to marry or have children since the founding of the church.

Question 73

Instructions: Please define the following key terms.
Reconquista

Question 74

Instructions: Please define the following key terms.
Alexius I Comnenus

Question 75

Instructions: Please define the following key terms.
Concordat of Worms

Question 76

Instructions: Please define the following key terms.
Peter Waldo

Question 77

The Fourth Crusade fulfilled Pope Innocent III's mission and took Constantinople in 1204.

Question 78

When Richard I (Lionhearted) was on crusade, his younger brother John acted as king in his place.

Question 79

Instructions: Please define the following key terms.
Saladin

Question 80

Instructions: Please define the following key terms.
Fourth Lateran Council