Deck 18: Trade and Empire

Question 1

Domination of the Atlantic trade system was held by which European power?

A) France
B) Spain
C) Portugal
D) Britain
E) The Netherlands

Answer 1

Britain

Question 2

What was the main product of the putting-out system?

A) Furniture
B) Baskets
C) Cloth
D) Meat
E) Paper

Answer 2

Cloth

Question 3

A primary belief in the mercantile system was that ______________.

A) merchants and traders should control the economy
B) there was only a limited amount of wealth in the world and amassing it meant power
C) the wealth of a state was the personal property of its Sovereign
D) slavery was necessary to yield a profit
E) social mobility was possible with economic increase

Answer 3

there was only a limited amount of wealth in the world and amassing it meant power

Question 4

Of the four major consumer items added to European diets, which was not a major product of the Consumer Revolution?

A) Coffee
B) Tea
C) Rum
D) Sugar
E) Chocolate

Question 5

To create more productive farming, all of the following techniques were tried except ______________.

A) ending the fallow section of land
B) alternating crops and livestock
C) enclosure
D) adding new crops
E) farming by collective means and ruling by village council

Question 6

One of the fundamental risks of the putting-out system as a means of labor organization was that ______________.

A) workers would unify and demand better wages
B) households had to do seasonal labor that interrupted productivity
C) enclosure might remove workers from rural locations
D) decline in demand could lead to fewer piece works being purchased
E) guilds would target those workers for retaliation

Question 7

In the mercantilist economic perspective, the role of overseas colonies was to ______________.

A) trade goods only with the mother country
B) supply goods to be used by the mother country to increase its economic advantage
C) extend competition with other nation-states based on which one had the most territories
D) create a new market for domestic trade
E) establish a monopoly on certain products

Question 8

The physiocrats of France argued that ______________.

A) the balance of power in political terms affected the balance of trade
B) mercantilism was the best economic system
C) government regulation of trade harmed productivity
D) competition was bad for a world market
E) overseas colonies created a drain on a state's economy

Question 9

The growth of consumerism across all classes was most evident as people began ______________.

A) switching from wool to cotton for clothing
B) buying products for personal hygiene
C) making improvements in home furnishings and decorations
D) consuming more imported foods that were not part of the traditional European diet
E) sending children to school and university for higher education

Question 10

Adam Smith's Wealth of Nations was based on the ideas of ______________.

A) the Bible
B) Candide
C) the Physiocrats
D) mercantilism
E) Denis Diderot

Question 11

One of the major thinkers who challenged the idea that manual labor was contemptible was ______________.

A) Jean Jacques Rousseau
B) Benjamin Franklin
C) Denis Diderot
D) Immanuel Kant
E) James Watt

Question 12

What is true of the average death rate of the Middle Passage?

A) More than 30 percent of Africans died.
B) Fewer than 5 percent of Europeans died.
C) Over 90 percent of Africans survived the journey.
D) Europeans died at greater rates than Africans.
E) None of these.

Question 13

Where did the development of "take-out" food occur?

A) London
B) Berlin
C) Paris
D) Rome
E) Glasgow

Question 14

Smith's concept of the division of labor relied on ______________.

A) specialization
B) equal pay
C) the "invisible hand"
D) consumers
E) laissez-faire capitalism

Question 15

What was the main transport in the Middle Passage leg of the Atlantic Triangle Trade?

A) Cotton
B) Sugar
C) Slaves
D) Tobacco
E) Rice

Question 16

In the eighteenth century, the preeminent empire was controlled by ______________.

A) Spain
B) Britain
C) France
D) Portugal
E) the Netherlands

Question 17

What was the most significant factor contributing to the Consumer Revolution?

A) The greater availability of manufactured goods
B) Industrialization made more goods available
C) Overseas trade with Asia and the Americas increased as colonies thrived
D) The transition to a cash economy
E) Revocation of the Sumptuary laws of the Middle Ages

Question 18

Which of the following was not a factor in increasing population statistics in the eighteenth century?

A) End of the bubonic plague
B) Containment of disease epidemics like smallpox
C) Younger age of marriage
D) Regular bathing practices
E) Less wars fought in Europe

Question 19

Where did the European trade dynamic shift to between the sixteenth and eighteenth centuries?

A) The Levant
B) The Ottoman Empire
C) Southeast Asia
D) The Mediterranean
E) The Atlantic

Question 20

What was meant by enclosure in England?

A) Lands were consolidated into the hands of one person for farming.
B) Fences were raised between property lines to create divisions.
C) Landlords cut off peasants from common grazing and pasture lands.
D) Farms became closed to untried or suspicious crops.
E) None of these.

Question 21

Which was the single most productive European imperial colony in the eighteenth century?

A) New England
B) French Canada
C) Saint-Domingue
D) Hispaniola
E) Mexico

Question 22

What were the reasons for the growth of privacy in the eighteenth century?

A) A growing sense of individualism as a result of Enlightenment thoughts
B) Religion's emphasis on greater modesty
C) Emulating the examples of wealthy people who could afford their own private spaces
D) Decreased emphasis on communal activities such as eating or sharing quarters
E) All of these.

Question 23

The crucial factor in the American victory over the English during the American Revolution was ______________.

A) assistance by the French
B) a superior navy
C) the home field advantage
D) constitutional privileges debated in Parliament
E) the support of Whigs in Parliament

Question 24

What was the major weakness of French colonies?

A) Lack of natural resources
B) Dependence on slave populations for production
C) Competition for territory with the Dutch
D) Lack of colonial population
E) Insufficient shipping capacity

Question 25

Portugal's most profitable colony was in modern-day ______________.

A) Angola
B) Mozambique
C) Brazil
D) Cape Verde
E) Ghana

Question 26

What process prohibited foreigners from trade with British colonies?

A) Navigation Acts
B) Salutary neglect
C) The Treaty of Paris
D) the Townshend Acts
E) the Magna Carta

Question 27

What was Portugal's main economic imperial product in the eighteenth century?

A) Sugar
B) Slaves
C) Coffee
D) Gold
E) Spices

Question 28

The most critical action that spurred American colonists to rebel against the British was ______________.

A) lack of assistance in the French and Indian Wars
B) implementation of the Navigation Acts
C) the requirement that the colonies provide troops for the European wars
D) the imposition of the Stamp Act without representation in Parliament
E) None of these.

Question 29

The competitor who benefited most from Spain's inadequate trading network to resupply its own colonies was ______________.

A) France
B) the Netherlands
C) Portugal
D) England
E) Sweden

Question 30

The distinctive legal rights belonging to an order were known as ______________.

A) estates
B) classes
C) privileges
D) tailles
E) perquisites

Question 31

What forced France out of Canada and North America?

A) The War of Spanish Succession
B) The War of Austrian Succession
C) The War of the League of Augsburg
D) The Seven Years' War
E) Queen Anne's War

Question 32

British colonial holdings that required slave labor for production included all of the following except ______________.

A) cotton
B) tobacco
C) sugar
D) rice
E) beaver pelts

Question 33

The crop that most strongly fueled the economic demand for slaves in the New World was ______________.

A) coffee
B) cotton
C) rice
D) sugar
E) tobacco

Question 34

Which country was the first in Europe to establish workhouses for the poor?

A) England
B) France
C) the Netherlands
D) Germany
E) Spain

Question 35

Other than cotton, all of the following products were extremely lucrative exports from the American colonies to Britain except ______________.

A) rice
B) indigo
C) beaver pelts
D) tobacco
E) silk

Question 36

The first anti-union legislation passed in Europe was the ______________.

A) Declaratory Act
B) Non-collective Laws
C) Le Chapelier Law
D) The Corn Laws
E) The Combination Act

Question 37

The Gordon Riots in London were started because of ______________.

A) grain shortages
B) allowing Catholics to serve in the army and own land
C) workers being denied the right to form unions
D) the passage of the Combination Act of 1799
E) a police crackdown on workers who had broken manufacturing equipment to protest low wages

Question 38

Carrying trade in New England meant ______________.

A) transportation of goods in the triangle trade from Africa to America and back to Europe
B) the growth of infrastructure in the colonies to facilitate transportation of goods for trade
C) a shipping enterprise that moved commodities from one part of the empire to another
D) an extension of credit in which the merchant would carry the balance of goods until they were sold for profit
E) a streamlining of transportation methods between joint-stock companies in the New World and Europe

Question 39

As the Enlightenment began to investigate causes of poverty, it was estimated that what percentage of the European population lived in perpetual poverty?

A) 5 percent
B) 10 percent
C) 20 percent
D) 25 percent
E) more than 50 percent

Question 40

Why do historians think there was an increased sense of privacy, comfort, and familial demonstration during this period?

A) A growing sense of individualism as promoted in the Enlightenment
B) Increased wealth made luxury goods more standardized
C) Effects of greater awareness of other cultures in the world
D) Demands for privacy were increased by a greater population
E) The end of the wars of religion of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries

Question 41

How did Adam Smith's theories of economics affect the manufacture of goods?

Question 42

Who was highest ranked in social order in eighteenth-century Britain?

A) Peerage
B) Gentry
C) Merchantry
D) Middling sorts
E) Clergy

Question 43

What advancements or accomplishments fueled the agricultural changes in the eighteenth century, and why were they considered revolutionary?

Question 44

Edmund Cartwright invented ______________.

A) the flying shuttle
B) the spinning jenny
C) the power loom
D) the spinning mule
E) the cotton gin

Question 45

Why did the population boom of the eighteenth century have the effect of improving people's lives instead of putting more economic pressure on them?

Question 46

Who was responsible for the mass production of porcelain goods?

A) James Hargreaves
B) Josiah Wedgewood
C) Edmund Cartwright
D) Eli Whitney
E) Samuel Crompton

Question 47

Which was the first country to experience the Industrial Revolution?

A) The Netherlands
B) Britain
C) France
D) Germany
E) Spain

Question 48

Which natural resource did England have in abundance which fueled the Industrial Revolution?

A) Silver
B) Coal
C) Wood
D) Iron
E) Copper

Question 49

Compare and contrast each of the following revolutions: the agricultural, demographic, and the Industrial Revolution?

Question 50

What were the causes most responsible for the consumer revolution in the eighteenth century?

Question 51

What led to Britain's emergence as the leader of the Industrial Revolution?

Question 52

Why did the Atlantic become the preeminent trade route in the eighteenth century?

Question 53

To a large degree, people identified themselves by what criteria in this time?

A) Orders
B) Occupation
C) Income level
D) Geographic location
E) Political status

Question 54

How did economists' thinking in the eighteenth century challenge the traditional notions of a state-centered economy?

Question 55

Nationalism in France was considered more a case of ______________.

A) religious unification
B) promotion of economic growth plans
C) unification against domination by the British
D) continental supremacy
E) a longer cultural history

Question 56

What year was the flying shuttle invented?

A) 1721
B) 1733
C) 1744
D) 1756
E) 1768

Question 57

What motivated eighteenth century European governments to consider the plight of the poor?

Question 58

The Calico act restricted the imports of cotton from ______________.

A) China
B) France
C) America
D) India
E) Africa

Question 59

Define and describe the purpose and impact of the putting-out system. Did everyone benefit?

Question 60

What fostered a sense of nationalism for Britain in the eighteenth century?

A) The idea of being an island race
B) Being unified under Protestantism
C) The king's travels throughout the realm
D) Economic growth superior to that of France
E) All of these.

Question 61

One of Britain's most expedient methods of dealing with petty crime and felons was exile to Australia.

Question 62

Overall the putting-out system significantly increased Europe's manufacturing capacity in the eighteenth century.

Question 63

Instructions: Please define the following key terms.
Pondicherry

Question 64

Instructions: Please define the following key terms.
Physiocrats

Question 65

Discuss the most important innovations which led to the mechanization of cloth production in the Industrial Age.

Question 66

Adam Smith took a particular interest in the manufacture of pins.

Question 67

Instructions: Please define the following key terms.
Middle Passage

Question 68

Instructions: Please define the following key terms.
putting-out system

Question 69

Instructions: Please define the following key terms.
division of labor

Question 70

Due to the market revolution and the transformation of class structure, the peerage in eighteenth century Britain became obsolete and disappeared.

Question 71

The Gordon Riots in London focused on the destruction of Catholic establishments and homes.

Question 72

Instructions: Please define the following key terms.
King George III

Question 73

Instructions: Please define the following key terms.
Adam Smith

Question 74

Why did slavery increase in the Americas in the eighteenth century?

Question 75

"Laissez faire" economics was embraced by the mercantilists.

Question 76

Sugar was one of the major staple crops of the Jamestown Company.

Question 77

The perpetuation of the wars in Europe decreased agricultural productivity in this time period.

Question 78

The Middle Passage brought about the three way transportation of slaves, rum, and goods between Africa, Europe, and America.

Question 79

One of the primary goals of the Navigation Acts was to limit trade access by the Dutch in British territories.

Question 80

One likely cause of population growth in Europe after 1700 was the arrival of a new type of rat.