Deck 20: Restoration and Reform: Conservative and Liberal Europe

Question 1

Where did composer Frederic Chopin spend most of his life?

A) Germany
B) Austria
C) Poland
D) France
E) Hungary

Answer 1

Poland

Question 2

Slavophilism in nineteenth-century Russia advocated all of the following except ______________.

A) liberation of the serfs
B) rejection of foreign cultural influences
C) reverence for the Orthodox Church
D) a conservative and paternalistic tsar
E) unifying people under sobornost by widening representation in the parliament

Answer 2

unifying people under sobornost by widening representation in the parliament

Question 3

A defining trait of Romanticism's philosophy and politics can be described as ______________.

A) nihilistic
B) humanistic
C) atheistic
D) utopian
E) ambivalent

Answer 3

utopian

Question 4

Who were the two other major participants in the Congress of Vienna (after Austria)?

A) Russia and England
B) France and Russia
C) Prussia and Russia
D) Prussia and France
E) France and England

Question 5

What form did the territories of the German states take in the redrawing of the map at the Congress?

A) All territories were restored to pre-1800 boundaries.
B) The German states were put under the rule of the Prussian King.
C) Lichtenstein was granted sovereignty.
D) A confederation of states was organized into a group of thirty-nine.
E) Austro-Hungary was divided but incorporated territories in the Balkans.

Question 6

The guiding principle of the Congress System proposed by Tsar Alexander I was termed the ______________.

A) Union of Equals
B) League of Europe
C) Quadruple Alliance
D) Christian Coalition
E) Holy Alliance

Question 7

Which of the following was written by Pushkin?

A) Lucinde
B) Hymns to the Night
C) Eugene Onegin
D) Pan Tadeusz
E) Faust

Question 8

Liberalism advocated voting rights for all of the following except ______________.

A) property owners
B) people of moderate education
C) women
D) bourgeoisie
E) middle classes

Question 9

Liberalism originated in ______________.

A) France
B) Germany
C) England
D) Russia
E) Austria

Question 10

What territorial dispute posed the greatest controversy at the Congress of Vienna?

A) England's possession of the Straits of Gibralter
B) The division of Poland and its relationship to Russia
C) The creation of the autonomous kingdoms in northern Italy
D) Who would maintain control of the throne of Spain
E) Whether Austria should be awarded complete control of Hungary

Question 11

The Romantic movement embodied all of the following characteristics except ______________.

A) glorification of nature
B) celebration of individualism
C) rejection of mysticism
D) embracing emotionalism and sentiment
E) rejection of middle-class values

Question 12

To prevent Europe from expanding its realm of influence and power, the United States countered in 1820 with ______________.

A) the Treaty of Ghent
B) the Monroe Doctrine
C) the Treaty of Paris
D) the Oregon Letter
E) None of these.

Question 13

Conservativism can best be described as ______________.

A) opposing change
B) preferring autocratic monarchy
C) believing human nature is corrupt
D) endorsing traditional organized religion
E) All of these.

Question 14

The peace conference to end the Napoleonic Wars and achieve a balance of power was held in ______________.

A) London
B) Ghent
C) Berlin
D) Vienna
E) Austerlitz

Question 15

A significant characteristic among Romanticist writers was their support of ______________.

A) liberalism
B) feminism
C) conservativism
D) rationalism
E) nationalism

Question 16

Liberalism contains all of the following features except ______________.

A) emphasis on freedom of the individual
B) embracing civil liberties
C) extension of equality to women as partners of men
D) reverence for the law as a unifying standard
E) a laissez-faire approach to the economy

Question 17

The Romantic movement is best described as ______________.

A) a reaction against the rationalism of the Enlightenment
B) a movement to restore traditional religious values outlawed in the Revolution
C) a cooperative arrangement of art and literature to support the restoration of prerevolutionary governments in Europe
D) a strongly pacifist movement ideologically opposed to nationalism
E) None of these.

Question 18

Which of the following did liberals in nineteenth-century Europe not believe?

A) The government should not interfere in the private affairs of its citizens.
B) The government should not intervene in economic matters.
C) The best government was one moderated by a constitution and a parliament.
D) The government had a responsibility to alleviate the conditions of the poor and unemployed.
E) The government should promote the success of individuals and protect their civil rights.

Question 19

Who was the German artist in Romanticism who painted stark landscapes to express God in nature?

A) Conrad von Hearst
B) Eugene Delacroix
C) Francisco Goya
D) Caspar David Friedrich
E) Johannes Kepler

Question 20

Which of the following was not a condition of returning France to the Congress System?

A) France had to pay an indemnity.
B) France had to give up lands seized during the Napoleonic Wars.
C) The Bourbons were restored to a conservative monarchic rule.
D) The Constitution was revoked.
E) The legislative body remained in place.

Question 21

Charles X abdicated because he ______________.

A) was voted out by popular referendum
B) refused to allow free worship for Catholics in France
C) delegated too much authority to the Chamber of Deputies
D) attempted to dissolve the legislature and restrict voting criteria
E) was thwarted by the legislature in implementing a modern economy under central control

Question 22

Political liberalism is best embodied by the work of ______________.

A) David Hume
B) Adam Smith
C) John Stuart Mill
D) Jeremy Bentham
E) Thomas Malthus

Question 23

What was the purpose of the Wartburg Festival?

A) To celebrate Prussian military supremacy
B) To recognize the efforts of the Grimm Brothers in preserving German heritage
C) To present a display of German cultural accomplishments through history
D) To crown Wilhelm I King of Bavaria
E) To negotiate terms of the creation of a German Confederation

Question 24

John Stuart Mill was unusual in this era for his political support of whom?

A) Peasants
B) Proletariats
C) The poor
D) Criminals
E) Women

Question 25

The Bourbon Restoration under Louis XVIII was characterized by all of the following except ______________.

A) a political compromise including a legislature and constitution
B) conservative economic policies
C) close relations with the Catholic Church
D) a buildup of military power
E) close participation in the Congress of Vienna

Question 26

Utilitarianism places the main emphasis on ______________.

A) practical reforms
B) social programs for alleviation of poverty
C) morality
D) democratic reforms
E) traditional family values

Question 27

Adam Smith's Wealth of Nations argued for promotion of liberalism in an economic model that emphasized ______________.

A) mercantilism
B) capitalism
C) communism
D) socialism
E) None of these.

Question 28

The economic principles argued by Smith said that a country would prosper if all of these conditions were met except ______________.

A) the government did not set prices
B) taxes were kept low
C) nations restricted their exports
D) government expenditures were minimal
E) governments did not impose tariffs

Question 29

Nationalism to unify Italy was initially promoted most strongly by ______________.

A) Giuseppe Mazzini
B) Leonardo de Cavour
C) the Papal States
D) the kingdom of the Two Sicilies
E) Giuseppe Garabaldi

Question 30

Who were the Carbonari ?

A) Piedmontese conservatives who wanted to retain a monarchy.
B) Radical Catholics who demanded Italian unification be based around the Vatican.
C) A secret underground society fighting for liberal political reform.
D) Constitutionalists among the aristocracy.
E) Supporters of medieval guilds who resorted to burning factories in opposition to labor unions.

Question 31

According to Jeremy Bentham, a practical application of law was one that ______________.

A) rewarded the individual for contributing to the common good
B) reduced poverty as a moral injustice
C) created the greatest happiness for the greatest number of citizens
D) transformed society in a widely meaningful way
E) avoided disruption of the market economy

Question 32

The primary motivation for Belgian independence was ______________.

A) nationalism
B) religious differences with the Netherlands
C) restrictions on free-market trade
D) seeking a constitution and parliament as a satellite nation under Prussian domain
E) rejection of the Congress System

Question 33

The one area in which Adam Smith did admit the government must be involved in the economy pertained to ______________.

A) taxes
B) military
C) tariffs on trade
D) infrastructure
E) None of these.

Question 34

What was the main impediment to creating nationalism in the Balkan region?

A) Language diversity
B) Ottoman sovereignty
C) Serfdom
D) Lack of a free market economy
E) Religious oppression by Muslims

Question 35

The Carlsbad Decrees of 1819 were an attempt to ______________.

A) promote a liberalist agenda in Germany
B) unify the German states through the radical activities of Young Germany
C) enforce German as the primary language among the Confederation
D) restrict political expression in the press and universities in Germany
E) restrict foreign influences (particularly French) on German culture

Question 36

The Grimm brothers' interest in promoting German culture through their collection of fairy tales is an example of ______________.

A) jingoism
B) nationalism
C) cultural assimilation
D) regionalism
E) high culture

Question 37

Nineteenth-century nationalists believed that ______________.

A) the king must embody the state as a continuation of tradition and heritage
B) power rested in the authority of the nation, comprised of people
C) all members of a nation should participate in government
D) there must be unification of all disparate populations under one standard of culture
E) the nation was an organic entity and could not be subjected to contracts like a constitution

Question 38

Which was the group that Mazzini organized to fight for Italian unification?

A) Carbonari
B) Risorgimento
C) Roman Brotherhood
D) Young Italy
E) Nihilists

Question 39

According to definition, the state is a political entity which does all of the following except ______________.

A) collect taxes
B) finance armies
C) issue passports
D) emphasize common culture
E) demand obedience of laws

Question 40

Nationalism in nineteenth-century Europe ______________.

A) was rejected by liberals after 1848
B) proposed thinking about a common identity based on cultural affiliations
C) maintained an optimistic view of human nature
D) urged people to place their loyalty to the state instead of the individual leader
E) Emphasized all of these.

Question 41

What were the key tenets of Romanticism, and how were they expressed in opposition to earlier traditions?

Question 42

Which class was stronger in Great Britain than any other in Europe during this period?

A) The ruling class
B) The upper class
C) The lower class
D) The bourgeoisie
E) The middle class

Question 43

What was a result of the Peterloo Massacre?

A) The Corn Laws were repealed.
B) Parliament passed more liberal free speech laws.
C) Over three hundred British factory workers were killed.
D) The Combination Acts were passed.
E) None of these.

Question 44

Why was the French Revolution seen as a failure by nineteenth-century standards?

Question 45

The 1832 Reform Bill eliminated ______________.

A) land qualifications for voting
B) slavery
C) rotten boroughs
D) trade unions
E) religious restrictions on Catholics

Question 46

The Corn Laws were passed in 1815 by ______________.

A) liberal Whigs
B) conservative Whigs
C) liberal Tories
D) conservative Tories
E) George IV

Question 47

Russia's political and radical mythology has enshrined the ___________ as the "first revolutionaries."

A) Septembrists
B) Octobrists
C) Novembrists
D) Decembrists
E) Augustinians

Question 48

Which is true of George IV's popularity?

A) He was loved for his puritanical beliefs but hated for his marriage.
B) He was loved by the middle classes but hated by the aristocracy.
C) He was hated by the lower classes for his onerous tax policies.
D) He was hated for his sexual immorality.
E) He was loved for his cosmopolitanism and sense of style.

Question 49

What were the Corn Laws, and what led to their repeal?

Question 50

What is the correct order of British succession?

A) George IV, Victoria, William IV
B) William IV, George IV, Victoria
C) Victoria, William IV, George IV
D) George IV, William IV, Victoria
E) William IV, Victoria, George IV

Question 51

What is the distinction between "nation" and "state," according to nineteenth-century European standards?

Question 52

Compare the uses of nationalism in German and Italy to create political unity in the nineteenth century.

Question 53

Which is true of the Corn Laws?

A) They increased the price of bread.
B) They exacerbated the effects of the potato famine.
C) They disproportionately affected the poor.
D) They set off massive protests in Manchester.
E) All of these.

Question 54

Discuss the types of reform and regulation which prevented England significant social unrest the nineteenth century.

Question 55

Explain how language was a social and political component of unrest within the Balkan part of the Ottoman Empire. .

Question 56

How did the concept of nationalism transform the European political landscape in the nineteenth century?

Question 57

Discuss the influence of the French Revolution on politics and culture.

Question 58

What obstacles did Congress System face in achieving a balance of power?

Question 59

Which legislation had the most devastating effect on Ireland?

A) The Corn Laws
B) The Factory Acts
C) The Reform Bill of 1832
D) The Abolition Act of 1833
E) The Catholic Emancipation Act

Question 60

What year was the Greek War of Independence?

A) 1801
B) 1811
C) 1821
D) 1831
E) 1841

Question 61

Edmund Burke argued that the French Revolution would have been more successful if it had been less pragmatic.

Question 62

The Carlsbad Decrees relaxed intellectual and political restrictions in Germany in 1819.

Question 63

Discuss the formation and beliefs of the Chartists. Were they successful in any way?

Question 64

The Congress System was formed to suppress revolution and liberalism.

Question 65

Great Britain is the homeland of "classical liberalism."

Question 66

Instructions: Please define the following key terms.
Conservativism

Question 67

Instructions: Please define the following key terms.
liberalism

Question 68

Charles X worked closely with liberals within France to further democratize the government.

Question 69

John Stuart Mill wrote in support of women being recognized as equal in intelligence and political understanding to men.

Question 70

How did the model of the French Revolution and Enlightenment ideals bring about political reforms in Italy?

Question 71

Instructions: Please define the following key terms.
Frederic Chopin

Question 72

Instructions: Please define the following key terms.
Alexander Pushkin

Question 73

Instructions: Please define the following key terms.
bourgeoisie

Question 74

Caspar David Friedrich's paintings emphasize the intricate details of the German middle class home.

Question 75

Who were the Decembrists, what did they represent, and what happened to them?

Question 76

A significant source of contention at the Congress of Vienna had to do with the partitioning of Poland.

Question 77

The Decembrists in Russia in 1825 staged a revolt in favor of a Constitutional Monarchy.

Question 78

Instructions: Please define the following key terms.
Holy Alliance

Question 79

Instructions: Please define the following key terms.
Romanticism

Question 80

Johann Herder argued that German unification relied upon a singular, common culture and language.