Deck 26: A Decade of Revolutionary Experiments

Question 1

Germany was crippled in the interwar years by ______________.

A) hyper-inflation
B) the growth of the Nazi (National Socialist) Party
C) suppression of economic activity by the League of Nations
D) the seizure of power by Bavaria in displacing Prussia
E) a devastating influenza that killed millions

Answer 1

hyper-inflation

Question 2

The greatest casualty of the diplomatic meetings at Versailles turned out to be which of the following?

A) The independence of Poland
B) The principle of self determination
C) The terms of the Sykes-Picot Agreement
D) The creation of Palestine
E) German representation

Answer 2

The principle of self determination

Question 3

The most successful political parties in western Europe in the 1920s were ______________.

A) conservative to moderate
B) labor
C) socialist
D) communist
E) liberal

Answer 3

conservative to moderate

Question 4

What was Woodrow Wilson's primary emphasis for the new diplomatic order in Europe based on?

A) Western hegemony continuing from European colonies
B) Extension of American protectorate status
C) National self-determination
D) Universal democracy
E) Control of third world countries

Question 5

Which of the following was not a country created out of the territories of the war's so-called losers?

A) Czechoslovakia
B) Hungary
C) Latvia
D) Poland
E) Turkey

Question 6

Who was a significant role model for Benito Mussolini's dictatorship in Italy?

A) Adolph Hitler
B) Vladimir Lenin
C) Ho Chi Minh
D) Gabriele D'Annunzio
E) Otto von Bismarck

Question 7

Who led the Bolshevik Revolution in Hungary in 1919?

A) Rosa Luxembourg
B) Leon Trotsky
C) Béla Kun
D) Janos Kadar
E) Imre Nagy

Question 8

Which was the first state in Eastern Europe to establish a post-war political stability under democracy?

A) Poland
B) Yugoslavia
C) Hungary
D) Romania
E) Czechoslovakia

Question 9

As a result of the Irish Civil War, the Irish Free State received what status?

A) Independent Republic
B) Home Rule
C) Mandate
D) Protectorate
E) Dominion

Question 10

Which was the primary characteristic of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk's plan for modernizing Turkey?

A) Nationalism
B) Secularization
C) Industrialization
D) Universal suffrage
E) Suppression of Islam

Question 11

The first constitutional government in the Balkans was in ______________.

A) Serbia
B) Montenegro
C) Greece
D) Albania
E) Bosnia

Question 12

Poland's failure to achieve democracy was attributed to ______________.

A) Joseph Pilsudski
B) Thomas G. Masaryk
C) Lech Wardinski
D) Rosa Luxemburg
E) Kier Hardaway

Question 13

What was accomplished by the Dawes Plan?

A) Alsace-Lorraine was returned to Germany to prevent further aggression.
B) Germany was allowed to rearm in a limited capacity.
C) The Ruhr occupation was sanctioned by the League of Nations.
D) The war reparations were renegotiated to a more manageable level.
E) None of these.

Question 14

Who was the German leader who suppressed Hitler's 1923 Beer Hall Putsch?

A) Josef Weimar
B) Gustav Stresemann
C) Walter Rattenau
D) Karl Denka
E) None of these.

Question 15

The Treaty of Trianon resulted in ______________.

A) the reduction of Hungary to one-third of its original size
B) the suppression of the Soviet leadership in Hungary
C) the invasion of Hungary by Slovak and Romanian forces
D) the overthrow of the Kun regime
E) All of these.

Question 16

In order to ensure Germany maintained reparations payments, France and Belgium enacted which of the following?

A) A moratorium on payments
B) The Rurh occupation
C) Ruthless seizure of grain in Bavaria
D) Demand for payment in kind
E) All of these.

Question 17

Which was not one of the aims of the League of Nations?

A) Protection of human rights
B) Regulating arms trafficking
C) Preventing the spread of communism
D) Maintaining fair labor practices
E) Ensuring fair treatment of displaced persons from the war

Question 18

Which group led the opposition against the anti-Conservative party in Britain?

A) Whigs
B) Tories
C) Labour
D) British National Party
E) Plaid Cymru

Question 19

Britain promoted full independence of which protectorate nation in 1932?

A) Palestine
B) Iraq
C) Iran
D) Arabia
E) Egypt

Question 20

Mandates were ______________.

A) rules of surrender enforced in the Treaty of Versailles
B) decrees from the League of Nations to maintain the Fourteen-Point Plan
C) the trustee status of former German colonies in Africa and Asia
D) the need to secure approval from the League of Nations for provisional government appointments
E) undisputed territorial reassignments imposed on Germany and Austria

Question 21

Mussolini's corporatist control over Italy extended to all of the following areas except ______________.

A) the press
B) the Catholic Church
C) agricultural production
D) nationalized industries
E) parliament

Question 22

How did Mussolini's Fascist Party gain a following?

A) By playing on public dissatisfaction with the parliament's inability to negotiate effective foreign policy
B) By using extensive propaganda
C) By appealing to the middle classes who had lost much
D) By placing blame on the League of Nations
E) By emulating Hitler's tactics in Germany

Question 23

What spurred Alexandra Kollontai to radicalism?

A) Disillusionment with the monarchy's handling of the war
B) Reading Bebel's Women and Socialism
C) Reading Lenin's What Is to Be Done?
D) Losing her husband to war
E) Hearing the efforts of Emmeline Pankhurst

Question 24

How did Mussolini eventually take control of Italy?

A) By gaining control of parliament through the elections favoring the Fascist Party
B) By marching on Rome with thousands of supporters to intimidate the king
C) By disbanding parliament and threatening the king
D) By staging a military coup with the socialist forces to overthrow the monarchy
E) Gaining the support of the conservative factions by brutally suppressing workers' strikes

Question 25

The key difference in the definition of equality, according to the Soviets compared to the United States, was ______________.

A) universal suffrage for all men
B) extension of political equality to women
C) economic equality
D) making legal rights throughout the Soviet Union all the same
E) All of these.

Question 26

Which of the following groups was not threatened by the advancement of Italian fascism?

A) Feminists
B) Jews
C) Socialists
D) Trade unionists
E) Artists

Question 27

What was seen as the most significant flaw in Lenin's promotion of Marxism in Russia?

A) The masses were not sufficiently educated to reach the next phase of Marxism.
B) The necessity of NEP in order to finance the revolution left many people disillusioned.
C) Russians had insufficient consciousness of class conflict.
D) The refusal of the Bolsheviks to turn power over to the Soviets, as promised during the war.
E) The lack of nationalized industries prevented the first step to true communism.

Question 28

According to the women's corporations in Italy, what was not a proper role for women in Italy?

A) Pro-natalism
B) Domestic pride
C) Household management
D) Working outside the home
E) Child care

Question 29

What was the Soviet Union's perception of religion?

A) It opposed the Orthodox church for their possession of property and wealth.
B) They viewed religion as a distraction from current social problems.
C) Organized religion was seen as irrational and superstitious.
D) They objected to the Church's acceptance that social inequality was the way of life.
E) All of these.

Question 30

How did family life change under the Bolshevik regime?

A) There was freer access to divorce.
B) The family was promoted as the foundation of social stability.
C) Marriages shifted to civil services rather than religious services.
D) Child care institutions were created by the state for the benefit of working women.
E) All of these

Question 31

What was the name of the organization used by the Soviet government to expand their revolution?

A) Cheka
B) Comintern
C) Zhenotdel
D) Comecon
E) Politburo

Question 32

Mussolini took the title of ______________.

A) Fuhrer
B) Il Duce
C) Tovarishch
D) Princeps
E) Marshall

Question 33

Why were doctors and engineers seen as potential threats to the Party in the USSR?

A) Because of their higher education
B) Their professions held standards independent of the political regime.
C) They usually spoke other languages.
D) They were seen as susceptible to espionage.
E) Because they were reluctant to join the Red Army during the Civil War.

Question 34

In the struggle for control of the Politburo after Lenin's death, power was taken by whom?

A) Trotsky
B) Stalin
C) Kirov
D) Molotov
E) Bukharin

Question 35

What was the goal of the New Economic Policy (NEP) promoted by Lenin?

A) Nationalization of all private industry
B) Implementation of a temporary form of private property and free commerce
C) Outlawing labor unions' demands for universal wages
D) Centralization of production under one Commissar
E) Emphasizing agricultural production over industrial production as a temporary means to spur economic growth

Question 36

How did Mussolini resolve the disputes of fascism with the Catholic Church?

A) By promoting the cult of motherhood
B) By promoting Catholicism as one of the unifying cultural identities of Italian history
C) By signing a concordat with the pope that recognized papal autonomy
D) By requiring his black shirts to go to church
E) By threatening the pope into submission

Question 37

Which of the following gave the advantage to the Reds in the Russian Civil War?

A) Better financial backing
B) Support of the peasantry
C) Better organization
D) Control of the armed forces
E) The promise of economic reforms

Question 38

Joseph Stalin's centrist plans for Russia, in opposition to Trotsky's, argued for what?

A) Free market for industry
B) Suppression of democracy
C) Socialism in the Soviet Union before spreading the revolution elsewhere
D) Gaining revenge on Germany for the terms of the Treaty of Brest Litovsk
E) Nationalization of agriculture

Question 39

Scandinavia was the first region in Europe to implement which of the following?

A) Pro-natalism
B) Hyper-inflation
C) Democracy
D) Fascism
E) The welfare state

Question 40

According to the Bolsheviks, class enemies included all of the following except ______________.

A) peasant farmers in collectives
B) some teachers
C) white-collar professionals
D) the professional middle classes
E) the aristocracy

Question 41

Discuss the Irish and Hungarian revolutionary movements which followed World War I.

Question 42

What were the origins and ideologies of Italian fascism?

Question 43

What was a priority of Le Corbusier's work?

A) To make films which glorified the Soviet state
B) To create an urban environment that was open to all economic classes
C) To bring jazz to Paris
D) To transform ballet into a modern form
E) To pioneer a new style of painting

Question 44

How did Alexandra Kollontai embody revolutionary ideals?

Question 45

How was popular entertainment seen as an expression of reaction to the war?

Question 46

What was the most important and least expensive form of entertainment in the 1920s?

A) Jazz
B) Film
C) Ballet
D) Opera
E) Theater

Question 47

Vera Brittain was ______________.

A) a World War I nurse and pacifist
B) a sex advice columnist
C) a physicist
D) a painter
E) Winston Churchill's wife

Question 48

How did the return to peacetime affect women's roles in European society?

Question 49

Josephine Baker popularized the dance associated with ______________.

A) jazz
B) German romanticism
C) French impressionism
D) serialism
E) dodecaphonic experimentalism

Question 50

Which artistic movement conveyed emotional states most clearly?

A) Surrealism
B) Dadaism
C) Futurism
D) Expressionism
E) Art Deco

Question 51

In the postwar years, women were ______________.

A) idealized as working girls and flappers
B) shamed if they sought economic independence
C) demanded by the government to become pregnant as much as possible
D) able to read magazines with sex advice columns
E) All of these.

Question 52

Filippo Marinetti was Mussolini's minister of the arts and a ______________.

A) Surrealist
B) Dadaist
C) Cubist
D) Futurist
E) Expressionist

Question 53

Who wrote the first Surrealist manifesto?

A) Vladimir Mayakovsky
B) André Bréton
C) Salvador Dalí
D) René Magritte
E) Käthe Kollwitz

Question 54

What effects did Germany's war debt have on its economy?

Question 55

Feminist activists participated in______________.

A) The League of Nations
B) The ILO
C) The WILPF
D) international networks
E) All of these.

Question 56

How did women's roles change with the advent of Soviet society?

Question 57

What connects T.S. Eliot, Gabriel Marcel, and Aldous Huxley?

A) They were all poets.
B) They all turned to religion after the war.
C) They all lived in London.
D) They were all Futurists.
E) They all married the same woman.

Question 58

Who made the film Battleship Potemkin ?

A) Sergei Eistenstein
B) Marc Chagall
C) Vladimir Mayakovsky
D) Vladimir Khlebnikov
E) Mikhael Bulgakov

Question 59

How did the visual arts change in the postwar period?

Question 60

Why was the Weimar Republic weak?

Question 61

Lenin's vision of achieving true communism relied on the revolution taking place only after all participants had attained full class consciousness.

Question 62

The Treaty of Versailles created the League of Nations.

Question 63

Germany was at the forefront of introducing social reform known as the welfare state.

Question 64

Alexandra Kollontai's radicalism included her idea of eliminating the institution of marriage and traditional family structures.

Question 65

Albert Einstein's dedication to pacifism was characteristic of the scientific community.

Question 66

Most European nations pursued a pro-natalist policy after World War I to repopulate each country.

Question 67

After World War I, members of the Triple Entente sent troops and financial assistance to defeat the Bolsheviks in Russia.

Question 68

The only state created after World War I to experience political stability and economic growth was Czechoslovakia.

Question 69

Instructions: Please define the following key terms.
Beer hall putsch

Question 70

Instructions: Please define the following key terms.
Protectorate

Question 71

Instructions: Please define the following key terms.
Treaty of Versailles

Question 72

Cabarets of the 1920s were transformed by infusion of American Jazz.

Question 73

Instructions: Please define the following key terms.
Béla Kun

Question 74

The Comintern was set up to promote Soviet ideas worldwide.

Question 75

Instructions: Please define the following key terms.
reparations

Question 76

Instructions: Please define the following key terms.
Trust territories and mandates

Question 77

What made the Treaty of Versailles difficult to negotiate?

Question 78

What effect did the creation of the Irish Free State have on Irish-British diplomatic relations?

Question 79

Instructions: Please define the following key terms.
Irish Free State

Question 80

Discuss Atatürk's transformation and modernization of Turkey.