Deck 28: Europe Divided

Question 1

What were the Nuremburg Trials?

A) Laws restricting Jews in Germany that prohibited intermarriage
B) The establishment of a provisional government for Germany centered in Nuremburg
C) De-Nazification war crime tribunals
D) The lawsuit brought against the leaders of collaboration governments
E) A repatriation of remaining German Jews into the city of Nuremburg in an act of reparation

Answer 1

De-Nazification war crime tribunals

Question 2

What was the goal of the United States in the reconstruction period of World War II?

A) To establish democratic and capitalist markets in newly liberated regions
B) To prevent the rise of dictatorships like those of Hitler and Mussolini
C) To ensure a stable economy to avoid another Great Depression
D) To rebuild economic markets for American industrial products
E) All of these.

Answer 2

All of these.

Question 3

The comprehensive peace treaty to end World War II was the ______________.

A) Helsinki Accords
B) Geneva Convention
C) percentages agreement
D) Marshall Plan
E) None of these.

Answer 3

None of these.

Question 4

The North Atlantic Treaty Organization operated under the principle of ______________.

A) outlawing the escalating arms race
B) allowing citizens to hold their country accountable for crimes against humanity
C) collective security and mutual defense
D) enforcing compliance with the decrees of the United Nations
E) creating an orderly process of decolonization

Question 5

What did Stalin want in the wake of World War II?

A) A buffer zone across eastern Europe
B) Reparations from Germany overseen by Soviet troops
C) Division of occupied territories into spheres of influence
D) To rebuild the Soviet economy before all others because the Soviets had lost the most in the war
E) Allied acknowledgment of the superiority of communism

Question 6

Which of the following was not a permanent member of the UN Security Council?

A) The United States
B) The USSR
C) China
D) Britain
E) Sweden

Question 7

Displaced Jews found a new home in ______________.

A) Israel
B) Syria
C) Persia
D) Yugoslavia
E) Cyprus

Question 8

The Cold War was caused by all of the following factors except ______________.

A) the Lend-Lease program
B) U.S. support of western Germany
C) financial recovery options through the Marshall Plan
D) American backing of Israel in the middle East
E) the Soviet Union's development of atomic weapons

Question 9

Under the terms of the Potsdam Conference in 1945, ______________.

A) Poland and Czechoslovakia could eject all Germans from their country
B) Nazi leaders were put on trial for war crimes
C) The terms of reparation were set on Germany
D) Germany was divided into the Western and Eastern German Republics
E) Roosevelt offered economic relief to democratized European states for rebuilding

Question 10

What was remarkable about the Universal Declaration of Human Rights?

A) It established a code of allowable war tactics when UN intervention had failed.
B) It provided an internationally binding code of civil rights.
C) It allowed citizens to hold their governments accountable for human rights violations.
D) It established a court for the trials of Nazi war criminals.
E) It set fundamental guidelines for treatment of prisoners of war.

Question 11

As a result of the Marshall Plan, by 1960, the leader of the western European economy was ______________.

A) Britain
B) France
C) West Germany
D) Italy
E) Austria

Question 12

In response to criticism from the West about the dismantling of German industries despite the humanitarian needs of the German population, the USSR implemented a blockade of ______________.

A) Budapest
B) Gdańsk
C) Berlin
D) Prague
E) Istanbul

Question 13

What was the response of the United States to USSR's blockade of Berlin?

A) The United States built a wall and posted guards to contain communism to East Germany.
B) The United States established military outposts with nuclear weapons in Western Europe.
C) The United States imposed economic sanctions on the Soviet Union.
D) The United States airlifted supplies into Berlin.
E) The United States lodged a formal grievance with the United Nations.

Question 14

What was the primary cause of the arms race during the Cold War?

A) Fear of mutually assured destruction
B) Neither country had sufficient intelligence information to judge the other's capacity for destruction, and the stockpiles escalated
C) Demonstration of scientific superiority
D) Stimulation of a military industrial economy
E) None of these.

Question 15

What was the intention of the Truman Doctrine?

A) To establish postwar economic recovery in Europe
B) To offer Western support to countries fighting communism
C) To speed reindustrialization of Germany
D) To require decolonization of European holdings
E) To formally divide Europe into spheres of influence

Question 16

How was the United Nations different than the previous League of Nations?

A) All nations were invited to participate.
B) It had a permanent Security Council.
C) There was a large budget and independent financial resources.
D) It had a developed humanitarian campaign.
E) All of these.

Question 17

Who was the Zionist leader instrumental in founding the state of Israel amidst Palestine?

A) Moshe Diane
B) Golda Meir
C) David Ben-Gurion
D) Amos Oz
E) Benjamin Disraeli

Question 18

What was the Marshall Plan?

A) An alliance of western nations within the United Nations
B) An American diplomatic theory to prevent the spread of Communism
C) A defensive system across the Iron Curtain to prevent Soviet incursions
D) An economic recovery plan for post-war Europe
E) A diplomatic means of dividing East Germany into four zones of influence

Question 19

The nation that carried out its own communist revolution in 1949 was ______________.

A) Cuba
B) Afghanistan
C) Pakistan
D) China
E) North Korea

Question 20

According to the percentages agreement between Churchill and Stalin, the two countries that were to be divided into a fifty-fifty arrangement were ______________.

A) Austria and Hungary
B) Poland and Czechoslovakia
C) Yugoslavia and Hungary
D) Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia
E) Poland and Hungary

Question 21

The problem of liberalization within the Soviet Union under Khrushchev's policy of openness was put to the test by ______________.

A) Imre Nagy
B) Janos Kadar
C) Edvard Beneš
D) Alexander Dubček
E) Vladislav Gomulko

Question 22

All of the following were the economic advantages offered by the European Coal and Steel Community except ______________.

A) lifting of trade tariffs between members
B) an open-border policy allowing workers to find employment in member communities
C) cross-investment in each other's heavy industries
D) openings for multinational corporations
E) creating a trans-national trade union with universal applications

Question 23

Who delivered the Secret Speech?

A) Georgii Malenkov
B) Lavrenti Beria
C) Nikita Khrushchev
D) Andrei Zhdanov
E) Alexander Solzhenitsyn

Question 24

What was the name of the organization responsible for overseeing relations with Communist parties abroad and the new governments within the communist block?

A) Comintern
B) Komsomol
C) KGB
D) Politburo
E) Cominform

Question 25

Tito openly defied Stalin by ______________.

A) refusing to enforce communism in Yugoslavia
B) maintaining a close, independent relationship with Bulgaria
C) maintaining a free-market economy among industries
D) declining to join Cominform
E) emphasizing private agriculture rather than nationalized industry

Question 26

Tito's formation of the Non-Aligned Movement focused on ______________.

A) supplying military aid to communists independent of Moscow
B) engaging in trade arrangements with newly decolonized territories
C) producing a hybridized private and centralized economy
D) not providing a national infrastructure of a planned economy
E) None of these.

Question 27

All of the following were areas of cooperation among the EEC members except ______________.

A) administrative
B) legislative
C) executive
D) judicial
E) economic

Question 28

The first superpower confrontation over decolonized territory was in ______________.

A) Cuba
B) North Korea
C) China
D) Vietnam
E) India

Question 29

Which was the only country in Eastern Europe in which the communist victory was due to internal forces as opposed to force from Moscow?

A) Yugoslavia
B) Hungary
C) Romania
D) Bulgaria
E) Poland

Question 30

What was Charles de Gaulle's political affiliation?

A) Socialist
B) Monarchist
C) Republican
D) Communist
E) Totalitarian

Question 31

What event made western leaders think Khrushchev could lead to a thaw in the Cold War?

A) Deliverance of the Secret Speech denouncing Stalin
B) Opening the doors of immigration to the West
C) Support of Janos Kadar in 1956
D) Allowing Pepsi to be made and sold in the USSR
E) Consideration of pro-capitalist reforms in Poland

Question 32

The term "third world" was used to refer to whom?

A) Countries that lacked any industrialization.
B) Countries that had not reached a sufficient stage of economic development to be either communist or capitalist.
C) Countries that were decolonized after World War II.
D) Countries that did not ally with either the Western or Eastern bloc politics.
E) None of these.

Question 33

Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej ______________.

A) was closely aligned with Tito
B) purged Ana Pauker to seize power in Romania
C) was a key witness in the Slánský trial
D) used nonalignment to represent the PLO
E) was the leader of communist Hungary from 1948 to 1965

Question 34

Who was the main architect of peaceful reconciliation between France and Germany?

A) Charles de Gaulle
B) Robert Schuman
C) Walter Rathenau
D) John Kenneth Galbraith
E) Clement Attlee

Question 35

Why did Edvard Beneš resign as president of Czechoslovakia in 1948?

A) He objected to the Czech exclusion from the United Nations.
B) His proposal of the Warsaw Pact was rejected.
C) He sought capitalist reforms in Czechoslovakia.
D) He refused to sign a constitution that outlawed all but the Communist Party.
E) He refused to recognize the separation of the Czech Republic from Slovenia.

Question 36

What became a common feature of Soviet policies in the Eastern bloc?

A) Denunciation of suspected capitalist sympathizers
B) Expulsion from the Communist Party for being pro-Titoist
C) Persecution of the intelligentsia who challenged the prevailing economic theories
D) Denunciation for those arguing for "alternative paths" to socialism
E) Persecution of Jews within the party and embodiment of anti-Semitism

Question 37

Under the leadership of Clement Attlee, the Labour Party in postwar England imparted all of the following changes except ______________.

A) nationalized medicine
B) nationalized transportation
C) nationalized the Bank of England
D) reorganized the Church of England
E) established government-funded pensions for all working citizens

Question 38

Although there were significant advances for women in Britain in the recovery period, real wages still lagged behind men's wages by ______________.

A) 15 to 20 percent
B) 20 to 30 percent
C) 30 to 50 percent
D) more than 50 percent
E) nothing; wages were required to be equal under the Labour Party reforms

Question 39

The arms race portion of the cold war was intensified when ______________.

A) the USSR sold nuclear technology to China
B) the United States began to install missiles in Turkey
C) the Soviet Union launched the first satellite into space
D) Yuri Gagarin made the first manned space flight
E) the United States devoted more than 40 percent of its annual income to maintaining military superiority

Question 40

The president of the Fifth Republic was ______________.

A) Konrad Adenauer
B) Janos Kadar
C) Charles de Gaulle
D) Josef Tito
E) Ana Pakaur

Question 41

The point where France met resistance in Asian decolonization was in ______________.

A) Korea
B) Vietnam
C) Bangladesh
D) Cambodia
E) Laos

Question 42

Who was the first prime minister of independent India?

A) Mohandas Gandhi
B) Jawaharlal Nehru
C) Indira Gandhi
D) Gulzarilal Nanda
E) Lal Bahadur Shastri

Question 43

What industry made the consumer goods boom possible in the 1950s?

A) Timber
B) Textiles
C) Plastics
D) Electronics
E) Steel

Question 44

All of the following countries sent troops to crush the Prague Spring except ______________.

A) Poland
B) Soviet Union
C) East Germany
D) Romania
E) Hungary

Question 45

What was the primary problem the English faced in decolonizing their African territories?

A) They argued that the indigenous population did not have an intellectual and economic elite.
B) White settlers from Europe held the majority of land and political power.
C) Kenyan resistance by the Mau Mau initiated a five-year war.
D) White settlers refused to leave their homes and were sometimes violent.
E) All of these.

Question 46

Discuss the policy of denazification and whether it was a success.

Question 47

Conflicts between the East and West were most dangerous during ______________.

A) the Cuban Missile Crisis
B) the failure of Charles de Gaulle to participate in the UN
C) the construction of the Berlin Wall
D) the proxy wars of containment
E) None of these.

Question 48

Discuss the purpose and impact of the Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan.

Question 49

The costliest conflict for France involved ______________.

A) Vietnam
B) Algeria
C) Morocco
D) Indochina
E) Bessarabia

Question 50

Which writer was born in Algeria and opposed Algerian independence?

A) Simone de Beauvoir
B) Jean-Paul Sartre
C) Albert Camus
D) Jean Genet
E) Eugène Ionesco

Question 51

Which statement is true of the Black Panthers?

A) They provided free breakfasts for children.
B) They adhered to Marxist principles.
C) They instituted military training programs.
D) They embraced non-violent community service programs.
E) All of these.

Question 52

What were the influences and effects of the economic recovery programs in postwar Europe?

Question 53

What did Brown v. Board of Education end?

A) Poll taxes
B) Race-based school segregation
C) Voting restrictions on African-Americans
D) Employment discrimination
E) None of these.

Question 54

What institution was explicitly punished from displaying religious objects in Romania?

A) Roman Catholic Church
B) Greek Orthodox Church
C) Greek Catholic Church
D) Russian Orthodox Church
E) Russian Catholic Church

Question 55

Decolonization was led by which European power?

A) Britain
B) France
C) Italy
D) Germany
E) Yugoslavia

Question 56

What year saw the violent culmination of generational tensions in Europe?

A) 1966
B) 1967
C) 1968
D) 1969
E) 1970

Question 57

What reformist pope led the Second Vatican Council?

A) John XXIII
B) John Paul I
C) Pius XII
D) Paul VI
E) John Paul II

Question 58

Analyze the economic and social recovery programs Clement Attlee's Labour Party instituted after the war.

Question 59

The New Wave was culturally represented by ______________.

A) The Beatles
B) The Who
C) Bob Dylan
D) Jean-Luc Godard
E) Daniel Cohn-Bendit

Question 60

Examine the significance of NATO and the Warsaw Pact.

Question 61

Instructions: Please define the following key terms.
Clement Attlee

Question 62

Discuss the "proxy wars" that were fought between the west and Communist nations like the USSR and China?

Question 63

Tito leveraged his independence to provide support for the PLO.

Question 64

Rock and Roll began in America but was adopted and transformed by Europeans.

Question 65

The most dangerous confrontation of the Soviets and Americans was at the Cuban Missile Crisis.

Question 66

Soviet economic control eschewed the command economy in Russia to demand specialized production in the satellite nations.

Question 67

Discuss the connection between the art and the values of of the counterculture.

Question 68

With the rise of the Labour Party after World War II, England became a Socialist economy.

Question 69

Instructions: Please define the following key terms.
Truman Doctrine

Question 70

The United States risked conflict with the Soviet Union to support the Hungarian Uprising.

Question 71

Nothing parallel to the consumer culture of the west developed in Eastern Europe.

Question 72

Instructions: Please define the following key terms.
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)

Question 73

The development of Arab nationalism slowed with the creation of Israel.

Question 74

The Warsaw Pact was created to be the eastern version of NATO.

Question 75

Instructions: Please define the following key terms.
Warsaw Pact

Question 76

How did Soviet economic control change in the post-war years under Stalin?

Question 77

Analyze the impact of decolonization on the cold war.

Question 78

Did Krushchev's policy of de-Stalinization bring the cold war closer to a close? Why or why not?

Question 79

Compare the rates of growth of state-controlled economies in eastern Europe with those of the West.

Question 80

Albert Camus and Jean-Paul Sartre were united in their opposition to Algerian independence.