Deck 1: Crime and Justice in America

Question 1

Misdemeanors are usually punished by sentences of more than 1 year in prison.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Criminal justice researchers have a relatively easy time keeping track of the occurrence of crime because of the prevalence of accurate crime data.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

In Western democracies, there are relatively few political crimes.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Politicians often try to be "tough on crime" without fully understanding the costs and consequences of such policies.

Question 5

The crime control model suggests that the criminal justice system operates to emphasize efforts to repress crime.

Question 6

Conservatives believe in strict enforcement of the law by expanding police forces.

Question 7

American laws reflect the desire to prevent unnecessary deprivations of liberty.

Question 8

Legislators write and approve laws in their desire to address problems, please the public, and gain reelection.

Question 9

The due process model is not concerned with freedom or liberty.

Question 10

The risk of lethal violence is much higher in the United States than in other industrial democracies.

Question 11

The public's attitudes towards drugs and budgetary concerns has led to a reconsideration of the drug policies by government officials.

Question 12

Most types of occupational crime are profitable and do not come to the public's attention.

Question 13

One of the hallmarks of justice in a democracy is the rights extended to an accused person.

Question 14

Most countries globally share a uniform definition of rape.

Question 15

In a democracy, it is easy to maintain public order and protect individual freedom.

Question 16

Visible crimes are typically committed by older career criminals in their 40s.

Question 17

High-profile criminal cases are typical of the nature of crime in the United States.

Question 18

The UCR and NCVS do not provide a clear picture of the amount of crime because of the differences in the way each of them measures crime.

Question 19

Crime policies are often enacted that are popular with the public, but do little to actually reduce crime.

Question 20

FBI data show that crime is continually increasing.

Question 21

Political crimes committed against the government are often ideologically driven.

Question 22

In which of the Packer's models would the adversarial system most likely be used?

A)Due process
B)Legislative inquiry
C)Crime control
D)Constitutional liability

Question 23

Crime and justice are policy issues .

Question 24

What entity in our society is primarily responsible for crime and justice issues?

A)Government
B)Interest groups
C)Grassroots groups
D)Scholars

Question 25

Men in the age group 32 to 36 years old are the most crime-prone.

Question 26

The due process model is viewed as the "obstacle course model."

Question 27

Victimless crimes are often mala prohibita offenses and may include gambling, prostitution, and marijuana use.

Question 28

It is easy to point to specific factors that increase or decrease the crime rates.

Question 29

Street crimes are the least profitable for the offender.

Question 30

Crimes referred to as mala prohibita are considered wrong in themselves.

Question 31

Achieving both the goals of controlling crime and protecting the rights of individuals are _______ to achieve.

A)impossible
B)easy
C)difficult
D)not necessary

Question 32

Criminal justice can best be seen as a social system.

Question 33

The crime control model is viewed as the "obstacle course model".

Question 34

Identity theft is a huge problem that typically affects young, lower-class females.

Question 35

American crime rates have dropped since the early 1980s for many crimes.

Question 36

Public order crimes include public drunkenness, vandalism, and disorderly conduct.

Question 37

Scholars focused on income policies and social fairness would recommend criminal justice policies that

A)focus on how wealthy class abuse the criminal justice system.
B)create a correctional system that offers rigid sentences since the poor are affected the most by crime.
C)establish economic and social justice.
D)reflect  all of these options.

Question 38

Misdemeanors are serious crimes punishable by incarceration of more than one year in prison.

Question 39

According to the text, which of the following groups favors stricter enforcement of the law?

A)Liberals
B)Conservatives
C)Moderates
D)Anarchists

Question 40

Males in the 16-24 age cohort are the group most likely to commit crimes.

Question 41

According to your text, an example of a "visible crime" is

A)murder.
B)espionage.
C)white-collar crime.
D)price fixing.

Question 42

A statistical summary of crimes reported to the police is known as the

A)NCVS.
B)dark figure of crime.
C)UCR.
D)NIBRS.

Question 43

Crimes, such as gambling or prostitution, that are not "wrong in themselves" but are prohibited by government, are called

A)mala prohibita.
B)mala in se.
C)felonies.
D)norms.

Question 44

An example of a political crime is

A)prostitution.
B)espionage.
C)selling illegal narcotics.
D)price fixing.

Question 45

The term referring to the idea that much more crime occurs than is reported to police is called

A)unspoken crime.
B)dark figure of crime.
C)token crime.
D)invisible crime .

Question 46

Which of the following reflects how the FBI reports crime?

A)UCR
B)NCVS
C)Both UCR and NCVS
D)Neither the UCR or NCVS

Question 47

Which of the following is a value that must be respected in a democracy by police, prosecutors, judges, and correctional officials?

A)Rule of law
B)Civil liberties
C)Justice
D)All of these are the values that must be respected

Question 48

Criminal acts, often termed "street crime" or "ordinary crime," that are the least profitable and least protected are called ______ crime.

A)political
B)victimless
C)visible
D)organized

Question 49

A model of the criminal justice system that emphasizes efficiency, speed, and finality as well as the capacity to apprehend, try, convict, and dispose of a high proportion of offenders is called the ________ model.

A)crime control
B)due process
C)constitutional
D)democratic

Question 50

A model of the criminal justice system that emphasizes the adversarial process, the rights of defendants, and formal decision-making procedures is called the ________ model.

A)crime control
B)due process
C)constitutional
D)democratic

Question 51

An example of an occupational crime is

A)murder.
B)espionage.
C)drug sales.
D)price fixing.

Question 52

Crimes committed in the context of a legal business or profession are called ______ crime.

A)political
B)victimless
C)occupational
D)organized

Question 53

Historically associated with images of certain ethnic groups, ______ crime is a framework of the perpetration of such criminal acts as gambling, drugs, and prostitution.

A)political
B)victimless
C)visible
D)organized

Question 54

When compared with rates in the United States, Icelandic crime rates are

A)extremely low.
B)low.
C)similar.
D)high.

Question 55

Criminal acts either by the government or against the government that are carried out for ideological purposes are called ______ crime.

A)political
B)victimless
C)visible
D)organized

Question 56

After the 1960s, the changes in how our country dealt with crime reflected the fact that

A)political agendas controlled the response to crime.
B)we cannot avoid making choices about how to use the police, courts, and corrections system most effectively.
C)population changes in specific age groups alter crime rates.
D)one cannot predict legislative changes in crime.

Question 57

Crimes, such as murder or assault, that are traditionally "wrong in themselves," are called

A)mala prohibita.
B)mala in se.
C)misdemeanors.
D)invisible.

Question 58

Offenses against morality involving a willing and private exchange of goods and services that are in strong demand, but are illegal are called ________ crime.

A)political
B)victimless
C)visible
D)organized

Question 59

Why does the NCVS not measure homicide?

A)Homicide is not usually reported to the police.
B)You cannot survey victims of homicide.
C)Only victimless crimes are measured by the NCVS.
D)Police departments may lie about their homicide rates.

Question 60

A source of crime data collected from interviews used to gather information on unreported as well as reported crimes is called

A)NCVS.
B)dark figure of crime.
C)UCR.
D)NIBRS.

Question 61

Which of the following types of crime includes homicide, assault, and rape?

A)Visible crime
B)Property crime
C)Organized crime
D)Victimless crime

Question 62

_______ refers to priorities and actions developed by the government to use public resources as a means to deal with issues affecting society.

A)Public policy
B)Justice
C)Evidence-based practice
D)Behavior

Question 63

James is a vice president of a local banking organization.  He and his wife have been in danger of foreclosure on their home after his wife lost her job last year.  James recently found out that he can transfer a small percentage of his client's earnings into his own account without drawing the attention of those in power at the organization.  He has been able to transfer enough money to break even on their mortgage.  He is aware that he is breaking the law; however, he does not see his crime as being on the same scale as a violent crime.  He is also aware that if he is caught, the criminal justice system will go easy on him because he is a first-time offender. The bank where James worked fails as a result of his criminal activity and the bank president commits suicide.  An outraged public demands justice and James is then charged with manslaughter.  This is an example of the ________ model.

A)crime control
B)due process
C)criminal justice
D)due justice

Question 64

Sherry is a 40-year-old white female who frequently participates in prostitution to earn money for her crack habit.  She was raised in a single-parent home and has been selling herself for the last 18 years.  She has been arrested several times and has no hope that she can make a better life for herself.
Sherry is arrested for possession with intent to sell after being picked up for prostitution.  The judge agrees to a plea bargain that requires Sherry to plead guilty to all charges, with a 5-year prison sentence.  She is pushed quickly through the court system.  This is an example of the ______ model?

A)Crime control
B)Due process
C)e vidence-based
D)j ustice-based

Question 65

Sherry is a 40-year-old white female who frequently participates in prostitution to earn money for her crack habit.  She was raised in a single-parent home and has been selling herself for the last 18 years.  She has been arrested several times and has no hope that she can make a better life for herself.
One night, during a planned meeting with one of Sherry's "clients," she is raped, sexually assaulted, and robbed.  Sherry does not call and report the crime to law enforcement  because of her history.  This encounter is an example of the _______ figure of crime.

A)criminal
B)statistical
C)dark
D)true

Question 66

The creation of new crime legislation and the size of criminal justice agency budgets are decided by legislators responding to the demands of 

A)congress.
B)law enforcement.
C)voters.
D)federal prosecutors.

Question 67

In 2010, members of which rival motorcycle gang of the Hell's Angels were convicted for planning violent attacks against them?

A)Pagans
B)Outlaws
C)MS-13
D)Bloods

Question 68

The _________ is dependent on interviews of the samples of the U.S. population conducted by the Bureau of Justice Statistics to determine the number and types of criminal victimization, and thus the extent of unreported as well as reported crime.

A)National Incident-Based Reporting System
B)National Crime Victimization Survey
C)Uniform Crime Report
D)National Crime Offender Survey

Question 69

According to a 2011 poll of Americans, which of the following did not appear among the top 11 problems cited when asked to name the most important problems the country faced at that time.?

A)E conomic declines.
B)U nemployment rates.
C)H ealthcare and education issues.
D)C rime.

Question 70

Serious crimes that usually carry a penalty of incarceration for more than 1 year or the death penalty are

A)misdemeanors.
B)felonies.
C)visible crimes.
D)violent crimes.

Question 71

_______ is a specific act of commission or omission in violation of the law, for which a punishment is prescribed.

A)Crime
B)Justice
C)Evidence-based practice
D)Behavior

Question 72

The organization _______ was formed because of a mother's heartbreak after the death of her daughter due to a drunk driver.

A)MADD
B)Brady Center to Prevent Gun Violence
C)SADD
D)BADD

Question 73

Sherry is a 40-year-old white female who frequently participates in prostitution to earn money for her crack habit.  She was raised in a single-parent home and has been selling herself for the last 18 years.  She has been arrested several times and has no hope that she can make a better life for herself.
Sherry willingly participates in prostitution and feels as though her actions should not be considered criminal.  Which type of crime does Sherry participate in?

A)Victimless crime
B)Political crime
C)Occupation crime
D)Organized crime

Question 74

James is a vice president of a local banking organization.  He and his wife have been in danger of foreclosure on their home after his wife lost her job last year.  James recently found out that he can transfer a small percentage of his client's earnings into his own account without drawing the attention of those in power at the organization.  He has been able to transfer enough money to break even on their mortgage.  He is aware that he is breaking the law; however, he does not see his crime as being on the same scale as a violent crime.  He is also aware that if he is caught, the criminal justice system will go easy on him because he is a first-time offender. When James walked into his office on Wednesday morning, he was met by his supervisor and law enforcement.  What type of crime did James participate in?

A)Organized crime
B)Political crime
C)Victimless crime
D)Occupational crime

Question 75

James is a vice president of a local banking organization.  He and his wife have been in danger of foreclosure on their home after his wife lost her job last year.  James recently found out that he can transfer a small percentage of his client's earnings into his own account without drawing the attention of those in power at the organization.  He has been able to transfer enough money to break even on their mortgage.  He is aware that he is breaking the law; however, he does not see his crime as being on the same scale as a violent crime.  He is also aware that if he is caught, the criminal justice system will go easy on him because he is a first-time offender. When caught, James admitted to stealing approximately $100,000 from his employer over the past year through financial deception.  This is what Edwin Sutherland referred to as ______ crime.

A)organized
B)felony
C)white-collar
D)white criminal

Question 76

Sherry is a 40-year-old white female who frequently participates in prostitution to earn money for her crack habit.  She was raised in a single-parent home and has been selling herself for the last 18 years.  She has been arrested several times and has no hope that she can make a better life for herself.
Frustrated by the police constantly harassing her, Sherry decides take active measures by targeting local officials with similar treatment.  Sherry goes too far, however and kills the city mayor.  Which type of crime would this be?

A)Victimless crime
B)Political crime
C)Occupation crime
D)Organized crime

Question 77

James is a vice president of a local banking organization.  He and his wife have been in danger of foreclosure on their home after his wife lost her job last year.  James recently found out that he can transfer a small percentage of his client's earnings into his own account without drawing the attention of those in power at the organization.  He has been able to transfer enough money to break even on their mortgage.  He is aware that he is breaking the law; however, he does not see his crime as being on the same scale as a violent crime.  He is also aware that if he is caught, the criminal justice system will go easy on him because he is a first-time offender. James is quickly educated on how to navigate the court system.  He is made aware that the state must prove that he is guilty beyond a reasonable doubt.  This is known as the _____ model.

A)crime control
B)due process
C)criminal justice
D)due justice

Question 78

Elizabeth is a middle-age female who was planning to purchase a new spring wardrobe with her credit card.  When she handed the salesperson her credit card, she was surprised to find out that it was denied.  Elizabeth had no idea how this could possibly have happened.  She has a $20,000 credit limit and currently has a zero balance.  Elizabeth realized that a crime had been committed against her. Identity theft is an example of a ______ crime.

A)mala in se
B)a publi c
C)e pluribus prohibita .
D)mala prohibita

Question 79

Sherry is a 40-year-old white female who frequently participates in prostitution to earn money for her crack habit.  She was raised in a single-parent home and has been selling herself for the last 18 years.  She has been arrested several times and has no hope that she can make a better life for herself.
Sherry's crime is a questionable crime by many who feel that prostitution is not wrong in and of itself, or a

A)mala prohibita .
B)mala in se .
C)a felony.
D)a misdemeanor.

Question 80

Citizens' involvement in shaping public policies, laws, and the quality of life in society is called

A)a social movement.
B)due process.
C)legalistic enforcement.
D)civic engagement.