Deck 17: Juvenile Justice

Question 1

In Roper v. Simmons , the U.S. Supreme Court decided that juveniles were less culpable than adults due to developmental and maturity differences.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

The juvenile justice system in the United States did not develop until the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

A juvenile cannot waive his or her right to counsel or protection against self-incrimination.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

The period in which juvenile rights were expanded was called the juvenile rights period.

Question 5

Smoking cigarettes is a status offense for a 13-year-old  juvenile.

Question 6

Federal guidelines dictate that all states must handle juvenile cases in the same way.

Question 7

Parens patriae refers to the state as parent.

Question 8

Youth gangs are less of problem today in American cities than they were in the past.

Question 9

Congress has declared that all offenses committed by juveniles are federal offenses.

Question 10

The idea that children should be treated differently than adults originated in the common law and courts of England.

Question 11

Delinquent children often have committed offenses that would be classified as criminal if they were adults.

Question 12

Unlike regular police officers, juvenile officers exercise little discretion in processing offenders.

Question 13

In theory, juvenile proceedings are designed to be nonadversarial.

Question 14

Juveniles have always retained due process rights in the United States.

Question 15

Many police departments have special juvenile units.

Question 16

The standard of proof for juveniles to become classified as delinquents is "beyond a reasonable doubt."

Question 17

Females constitute almost one-half of all juvenile arrests.

Question 18

The epidemic of youth violence in the United States occurred simultaneously with an increase in drug arrests.

Question 19

Only a small percentage of juvenile arrests are for homicide.

Question 20

Truancy is an example of a status offense.

Question 21

Cyberbullying and other online delinquency are a new and growing phenomenon.

Question 22

Approximately 10% of juveniles are placed on probation and released to the custody of a parent or guardian.

Question 23

Dependency is one of the four types of cases which falls under the jurisdiction of the juvenile justice system.

Question 24

What does the acronym "CRIPS" mean?

A)Children Ready in the Population Society
B)Criminals Ready in the Post-Modern Society
C)Common Rejected Innocents Producing Safely
D)Community Revolution in Progress

Question 25

Under common law, children were exempt from criminal responsibility until the age of

A)3.
B)5.
C)7.
D)10.

Question 26

Youth gangs do not pose any unique problems in the juvenile justice system.

Question 27

A(n)___ is a child who is receiving inadequate care because of some action or inaction of his or her parents.

A)dependent child
B)child parens patriae
C)at-risk child
D)neglected child

Question 28

Drug use among juveniles has no negative impact on crime.

Question 29

The juvenile function of police work is concerned largely with order maintenance.

Question 30

Under the doctrine of ______, which held the king to be the father of the realm, the chancery courts exercised protective jurisdiction over all children, particularly those involved  in questions of dependency, neglect, and property.

A)stubborn child law
B)parens patriae
C)In re Gault
D)In re Winship

Question 31

A child's behavioral history affects the disposition of a case of juvenile delinquency.

Question 32

According to a Justice Department survey, what is the most serious problem facing teenagers today?

A)Alcohol
B)Poor quality of education
C)Drugs
D)Crime

Question 33

The Supreme Court ruled in Graham v. Florida (2010)that executions are unconstitutional for crimes committed by those younger than 18 years of age.

Question 34

Juvenile courts are simpler than adult courts.

Question 35

Sexting is a status crime.

Question 36

In England, the doctrine that allowed the courts to hold protective jurisdiction over all children was called

A)judicial waiver.
B)parens patriae.
C)delinquency doctrine.
D)status offense.

Question 37

Behaviors that are not criminal if committed by adults, such as cigarette smoking or truancy, are called _____ in the juvenile justice context.

A)juvenile offenses
B)status mistakes
C)juvenile  delinquencies
D)status offenses

Question 38

Which has not had a significant impact on the juvenile justice system?

A)Tough-on-crime policies.
B)Drug use.
C)Youth gangs.
D)Deteriorating social and economic conditions.

Question 39

A predominant goal within juvenile corrections is to avoid unnecessary incarceration.

Question 40

Aftercare can be very effective.

Question 41

The process of screening children out of the system without a decision is called :

A)screening
B)disposition.
C)diversion.
D)redirection.

Question 42

Which U.S. Supreme Court decision found that a child could waive his or her rights to an attorney and to protections against self-incrimination?

A)New Jersey v. T.L.O. (1985)
B)Fare v. Michael C . (1979)
C)Schall v. Martin (1984)
D)In re Gault (1967)

Question 43

Which is not one of the main concepts of juvenile justice?

A)Deinstitutionalization
B)Due process
C)Diversion
D)Detoxification

Question 44

What is the youngest age at which a juvenile can be waived to adult court in the United States?

A)10
B)12
C)13
D)14

Question 45

Which is true about juvenile officers?

A)Juvenile officers are oftentimes themselves youthful offenders.
B)Juvenile officers are less knowledgeable about legal issues than other police officers.
C)Juvenile officers are sensitive to the needs of young offenders.
D)Juvenile officers have less discretion than regular officers in processing young offenders.

Question 46

A child who is receiving inadequate care is termed a _______.

A)dependent child
B)neglected child
C)person in need of supervision (PINS)
D)delinquent child

Question 47

Which statement about offenses committed by juveniles is accurate?

A)The offenses committed by juveniles are mostly violations of state law.
B)The offenses committed by juveniles are mostly violations of federal law.
C)The offenses committed by juveniles are equal in terms of violations of federal and state laws.
D)The offenses committed by juveniles are mostly violations of municipal law.

Question 48

Which U.S. Supreme Court decision departed from the trend toward increasing juvenile rights by ruling that juveniles may be held in preventive detention before trial if they are deemed a risk to the community?

A)In re Gault (1967)
B)Schall v. Martin (1984)
C)Kent v. United States (1966)
D)In re Winship (1970)

Question 49

The system and philosophy of juvenile justice that began in the United States during the social reform period of the late 19th century was based on the idea that the state should act as a(n)____ in advancing the interest of the child.

A)parent
B)teacher
C)caretaker
D)spiritual advisor

Question 50

Which U.S. Supreme Court decision ruled that school officials could search students and their lockers?

A)New Jersey v. T.L.O . (1985)
B)Fare v. Michael C . (1979)
C)Schall v. Martin (1984)
D)In re Gault (1967)

Question 51

What was the focus of the U.S. Supreme Court case that marked the beginning of the "Kids Are Different" era?

A)Legalization of the juvenile law
B)Establishment of a separate system for juveniles
C)Deinstitutionalization of status offenders
D)Elimination of the death penalty for juveniles

Question 52

The juvenile justice system is primarily concerned with the interests and needs of:

A)the community.
B)the family.
C)society.
D)the  child.

Question 53

Public support for handling delinquent juveniles is strongest for the _______ emphasis.

A)rehabilitative
B)punitive
C)protective
D)retributive

Question 54

Throughout the United States, the upper age limit for juvenile court jurisdiction typically varies from ________ years of age.

A)12 to 14
B)14 to 16
C)16 to 18
D)18 to 20

Question 55

What was the central purpose of Boston's "Operation Ceasefire"?

A)Eliminating juvenile drug use
B)Reducing gang violence
C)Reducing status offenses
D)Facilitating successful reentry of juvenile offenders

Question 56

The juvenile court processing of delinquency cases typically begins with

A)an intake hearing.
B)a petition.
C)disposition.
D)diversion.

Question 57

The juvenile function of police work is concerned largely with

A)servicing the community.
B)preventing crime.
C)maintaining order.
D)providing counseling .

Question 58

In the _____, the U.S. Supreme Court extended due process rights to children in the cases of Kent v. United States and In re Gault.

A)1860s
B)1930s
C)1960s
D)1980s

Question 59

Which is true about the due process rights of juveniles?

A)Juveniles have none of the due process rights guaranteed to adults.
B)Juveniles have all of the due process rights guaranteed to adults.
C)Juveniles have all of the due process rights guaranteed to adults plus additional rights.
D)Juveniles have only some of the due process rights guaranteed to adults.

Question 60

Which civil liberty was extended to juveniles in the U.S. Supreme Court's decision of Breed v. Jones (1975)?

A)Right to trial by jury
B)Right to an attorney
C)Right against unreasonable search and seizure
D)Privilege against self-incrimination

Question 61

Maria is a 16 year-old Hispanic female from South Carolina who has been charged with assault with a deadly weapon with the intent to kill.  Maria used a baseball bat to beat a classmate close to death leaving the victim with brain damage.  The judge will render her decision tomorrow if Maria should be tried as an adult or if the case should stay within the jurisdiction of the juvenile court system.  Currently, Maria is being held in an institution until an appropriate decision can be made.
Maria will most likely not be waived to the adult court system due to the fact that waived cases only make up ________ of delinquency cases.

A)1%
B)5%
C)8%
D)10%

Question 62

Tyson has just been adjudicated guilty for cyber stalking in the juvenile justice system in the state in which he resides.  This is his second offense.  His first offense was dismissed.  Tyson's actual crime included sending threatening and lewd comments to a classmate on Facebook.  Tyson feels as though his responses were justified based on  comments that had been directed to him earlier in the year.
Tyson's delinquent behavior would actually be called

A)cyberbullying.
B)cybercrime.
C)cybercontrol.
D)cyberincentives.

Question 63

Tyson has just been adjudicated guilty for cyber stalking in the juvenile justice system in the state in which he resides.  This is his second offense.  His first offense was dismissed.  Tyson's actual crime included sending threatening and lewd comments to a classmate on Facebook.  Tyson feels as though his responses were justified based on  comments that had been directed to him earlier in the year.
_________ is the trial stage of the juvenile justice process.

A)Waiver
B)Transfer
C)Disposition
D)Adjudication

Question 64

How have the conservative crime control policies that have hit the adult criminal justice system influenced juvenile justice?

A)Caused decreased incarceration  in juvenile institutions
B)Increased litigation challenging the abuse of children
C)Lowered rates of minority youth incarceration
D)Caused increased transfer to parents upon initial interaction with law enforcement

Question 65

Maria is a 16 year-old Hispanic female from South Carolina who has been charged with assault with a deadly weapon with the intent to kill.  Maria used a baseball bat to beat a classmate close to death leaving the victim with brain damage.  The judge will render her decision tomorrow if Maria should be tried as an adult or if the case should stay within the jurisdiction of the juvenile court system.  Currently, Maria is being held in an institution until an appropriate decision can be made.
Maria did not go to adult court because rather than a jury trial, the decision regarding her guilt and punishment occurred in a process called

A)intake.
B)adjudication.
C)disposition.
D)diversion.

Question 66

Will is a 15 year-old boy who was just arrested for truancy and shoplifting.  He has never been in trouble before.  He participated in the crime due to peer pressure from his friends who made fun of him for being "too good."  Will's parents are terrified that his poor decision making will ruin his future.
Will's truancy violation is an example of a _________ offense.

A)criminal
B)juvenile
C)status
D)delinquent

Question 67

Will is a 15 year-old boy who was just arrested for truancy and shoplifting.  He has never been in trouble before.  He participated in the crime due to peer pressure from his friends who made fun of him for being "too good."  Will's parents are terrified that his poor decision making will ruin his future.
Will and his family are seeking a(n)_________, where they could avoid the courtroom altogether.

A)adjudication
B)detention hearing
C)diversion
D)disposition

Question 68

Which statement is true concerning juvenile court?

A)Juvenile court is highly centralized at the state level.
B)Juvenile court is a complex institution performing a wide variety of functions.
C)Juvenile court maintains separation between goals and values.
D)Juvenile court controls and understands the causes of juvenile crime.

Question 69

Maria is a 16 year-old Hispanic female from South Carolina who has been charged with assault with a deadly weapon with the intent to kill.  Maria used a baseball bat to beat a classmate close to death leaving the victim with brain damage.  The judge will render her decision tomorrow if Maria should be tried as an adult or if the case should stay within the jurisdiction of the juvenile court system.  Currently, Maria is being held in an institution until an appropriate decision can be made.
Given the circumstances of the battery, the prosecutor is demanding Maria's case be transferred to the adult criminal court system, a process called a(n)

A)d iversion.
B)intake.
C)w aiver.
D)transfer.

Question 70

Consider the information presented in the following chart. How are African American youth most likely to be overrepresented in the juvenile justice system?

A)Juvenile arrests for violent crime index offenses
B)Juveniles in residential placement
C)Cases judicially waived to criminal court
D)Delinquency cases resulting in residential placement

Question 71

Maria is a 16 year-old Hispanic female from South Carolina who has been charged with assault with a deadly weapon with the intent to kill.  Maria used a baseball bat to beat a classmate close to death leaving the victim with brain damage.  The judge will render her decision tomorrow if Maria should be tried as an adult or if the case should stay within the jurisdiction of the juvenile court system.  Currently, Maria is being held in an institution until an appropriate decision can be made.
  Maria wants to attend a treatment facility so that she can quit her drug habit.  To do so without further involvement in the juvenile justice system, she would need a

A)diversion.
B)warrant.
C)judgment.
D)waiver.

Question 72

Tyson has just been adjudicated guilty for cyber stalking in the juvenile justice system in the state in which he resides.  This is his second offense.  His first offense was dismissed.  Tyson's actual crime included sending threatening and lewd comments to a classmate on Facebook.  Tyson feels as though his responses were justified based on  comments that had been directed to him earlier in the year.
A ________ either has no parent or guardian or is receiving inadequate care because of the physical or mental disability of the parent.

A)neglected  child
B)PINS
C)dependent  child
D)delinquent  child

Question 73

Tyson has just been adjudicated guilty for cyber stalking in the juvenile justice system in the state in which he resides.  This is his second offense.  His first offense was dismissed.  Tyson's actual crime included sending threatening and lewd comments to a classmate on Facebook.  Tyson feels as though his responses were justified based on  comments that had been directed to him earlier in the year.
Status offenders make up about ____ of the juvenile court caseload.

A)10%
B)20%
C)30%
D)40%

Question 74

Tyson has just been adjudicated guilty for cyber stalking in the juvenile justice system in the state in which he resides.  This is his second offense.  His first offense was dismissed.  Tyson's actual crime included sending threatening and lewd comments to a classmate on Facebook.  Tyson feels as though his responses were justified based on  comments that had been directed to him earlier in the year.
Tyson believes his offense is a status offense.  Which statement about Tyson's assertion is correct?

A)Tyson is correct because cyberbullying is a behavior that is not criminal if committed by adults.
B)Tyson is correct because the school resource officer turned Tyson in and the SRO would not have an adult.
C)Tyson is incorrect because cyberbullying is only illegal in a juvenile context.
D)Tyson is incorrect because cyberbullying is illegal for adults and juveniles.

Question 75

Will is a 15 year-old boy who was just arrested for truancy and shoplifting.  He has never been in trouble before.  He participated in the crime due to peer pressure from his friends who made fun of him for being "too good."  Will's parents are terrified that his poor decision making will ruin his future.
Considering Will's truancy violation, he may be considered a ________, depending on the outcome of the shoplifting case.

A)dependent  child
B)delinquent  child
C)neglected  child
D)PINS

Question 76

Maria is a 16 year-old Hispanic female from South Carolina who has been charged with assault with a deadly weapon with the intent to kill.  Maria used a baseball bat to beat a classmate close to death leaving the victim with brain damage.  The judge will render her decision tomorrow if Maria should be tried as an adult or if the case should stay within the jurisdiction of the juvenile court system.  Currently, Maria is being held in an institution until an appropriate decision can be made.
Maria is not released to go home with her parents, but is instead held in a:

A)treatment facility.
B)detention facility.
C)substance abuse facility.
D)prison.

Question 77

Tyson has just been adjudicated guilty for cyber stalking in the juvenile justice system in the state in which he resides.  This is his second offense.  His first offense was dismissed.  Tyson's actual crime included sending threatening and lewd comments to a classmate on Facebook.  Tyson feels as though his responses were justified based on  comments that had been directed to him earlier in the year.
Tyson is not alone in his actions , but instead he  is among the _______ of juveniles who use their computers to bully others.

A)10%
B)20%
C)25%
D)30%

Question 78

Will is a 15 year-old boy who was just arrested for truancy and shoplifting.  He has never been in trouble before.  He participated in the crime due to peer pressure from his friends who made fun of him for being "too good."  Will's parents are terrified that his poor decision making will ruin his future.
It was found that part of Will's motivation to act out was the result of receiving inadequate care at home, therefore Will is considered by the court to be a(n):

A)dependent child
B)child parens patriae
C)at-risk child
D)neglected child

Question 79

Maria is a 16 year-old Hispanic female from South Carolina who has been charged with assault with a deadly weapon with the intent to kill.  Maria used a baseball bat to beat a classmate close to death leaving the victim with brain damage.  The judge will render her decision tomorrow if Maria should be tried as an adult or if the case should stay within the jurisdiction of the juvenile court system.  Currently, Maria is being held in an institution until an appropriate decision can be made.
If Maria's case stays within the juvenile justice system, she would be labeled a __________.

A)delinquent  child
B)neglected  child
C)dependent  child
D)PINS

Question 80

Will is a 15 year-old boy who was just arrested for truancy and shoplifting.  He has never been in trouble before.  He participated in the crime due to peer pressure from his friends who made fun of him for being "too good."  Will's parents are terrified that his poor decision making will ruin his future.
Will's case will most likely begin with a referral in the form of a(n)

A)diversion.
B)detention hearing.
C)adjudication.
D)petition.