Deck 15: Release from Incarceration

Question 1

In the wake of the "get tough on crime" movement over the past three decades, the number of parolees in the United States has:​

A) ​doubled.
B) ​tripled.
C) ​decreased.
D) ​remained the same.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

From 1920 to 1973, all states and the federal government used sentencing and release procedures involving:​

A) ​determinate sentencing.
B) ​mandatory minimums.
C) ​indeterminate sentences.
D) ​mandatory release.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

One impact of the explosive growth of the nation's prison population is the huge increase in the number of inmates who are being released into the community after serving their terms.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

According to the authors, statistics show that most parolees return to prison.

Question 5

The decision to release an inmate is made in the context of:​

A) ​analytical clarity.
B) ​political fairness.
C) ​public support.
D) ​competing goals.

Question 6

In all U.S. states, the parole board (releasing authority) is part of the department of corrections.

Question 7

All states, except for Alaska and Hawaii, have some form of prison program designed to prepare the offenders for release to community supervision.

Question 8

The number of felons on parole has decreased since 1980.

Question 9

All states have some form of prison programs that prepare the offender for release to community supervision.

Question 10

Except for a small handful of inmates who actually die in prison, a large percentage of those incarcerated will one day be released back into the community.

Question 11

Sir Walter Crofton added to the concept of parole by adding a ticket-of-leave system.

Question 12

Probation release is often tied to shock incarceration.

Question 13

States retaining indeterminate sentencing allow discretionary release by the parole board within the boundaries of the sentence and the law.

Question 14

Inmates who are on a mandatory release status are able to include their good time credit toward their release.

Question 15

Both adult felons and misdemeanants can be released on parole.

Question 16

Parole in the United States evolved during the 19th century following the English, Australian, and Irish practices of conditional pardon, apprenticeship by indenture, and transportation.

Question 17

Parole release mechanisms primarily determine the date at which a particular prisoner will be released back into the community.

Question 18

Almost all inmates will eventually be released to live in the community​

Question 19

Parole boards always welcome public criticism.

Question 20

Release on parole has had little impact on other parts of the system, such as plea bargaining and sentencing.

Question 21

After an inmate has served time equal to the total sentence minus "good time," if any, he or she will receive:​

A) ​conditional release.
B) ​discretionary release.
C) ​mandatory release.
D) ​none of these.

Question 22

In some states, those serving on a parole board are appointed by the:​

A) ​warden.
B) ​governor.
C) ​commissioner.
D) ​ombudsman.

Question 23

More than adult felons leave state and federal prisons each year.

A) ​125,000
B) ​275,000
C) ​300,000
D) ​600,000

Question 24

With the increase in the prison population, the percentage of parolees has:​

A) ​decreased.
B) ​increased.
C) ​remained static.
D) ​tapered off.

Question 25

Which of the following is a release criterion used by the parole board?​

A) ​prior criminal record
B) ​attitudes toward victims
C) ​history of community adjustment
D) ​all of these

Question 26

A parole board organized inside a department of corrections is an example of a/an parole board.

A) ​autonomous
B) ​independent
C) ​consolidated
D) ​none of these

Question 27

Inmates who are released from any further correctional supervision and cannot be returned to prison for their current offense have been given:​

A) ​conditional releases.
B) ​expiration releases.
C) ​mandatory releases.
D) ​tertiary release.

Question 28

Which of the following is an impact of release mechanisms?​

A) ​They can shorten a sentence imposed by a judge.
B) ​They encourage plea-bargaining.
C) ​They mitigate the harshness of the penal code.
D) ​all of these.

Question 29

Sir Walter Crofton built___________on idea of requiring prisoners to earn early release.

A) ​Zebulon Brockway's
B) ​John Howard's
C) ​Sir Robert Peel's
D) ​Alexander Maconochie's

Question 30

_________is based on the assumptions of indeterminate sentences and rehabilitative programs.

A) ​Conditional release
B) ​Discretionary release
C) ​Mandatory release
D) ​Expirational release

Question 31

Because of__________ , many states have devised ways to get around the rigidity of mandatory release.

A) ​prison population growth
B) ​public pressure
C) ​labor shortages
D) ​expenses

Question 32

One of the consequences of discretionary parole is:​

A) ​it leaves prisoners in limbo.
B) ​prisoners have few due process rights at the hearing.
C) ​decisions are made outside of the public's attention.
D) ​all of these.

Question 33

Discretionary release places great faith in the ability of the parole board members to:​

A) ​link inmate treatment with the level of custody.
B) ​predict future offender behavior.
C) ​assess readiness for permanent release to community.
D) ​all of these.

Question 34

Most parole boards cite an inmate's progress in as one criterion for release.

A) ​self-improvement programs
B) ​family visitations
C) ​solitary confinement
D) ​religious practices

Question 35

________has been described as a "transient state between liberty and recommitment."​

A) ​Incarceration
B) ​Parole
C) ​Probation
D) ​Reentry

Question 36

Parole is also known as:​
Final punishment.

A) ​conditional release.
B) ​punitive chance.
C) ​reentry.
D) ​

Question 37

Probation release is often tied to , which focuses on first-time offenders when they are sentenced to a short period of incarceration and then reenter the community under supervision.

A) ​shock incarceration
B) ​rehabilitation
C) ​convalescence
D) ​psychotherapy

Question 38

An inmate's eligibility for release into community supervision depends on requirements set by the law and:​

A) ​sentence status.
B) ​rehabilitation status.
C) ​offense.
D) ​victim status.

Question 39

Parole evolved during the:​

A) ​17th century.
B) ​18th century.
C) ​19th century.
D) ​20th century.

Question 40

In the________ , there is a parole board, an independent decision-making authority, that is organizationally close enough to the correctional department to be sensitive to institutional and correctional needs.

A) ​multifunctional model
B) ​autonomous model
C) ​consolidated model
D) ​independent model

Question 41

According to inmates, if you want to be paroled you are required to:​

A) ​use prison politics.
B) ​be in solitary confinement.
C) ​be uncooperative with staff.
D) ​be in a program.

Question 42

Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below.
a. Post-custody supervision in the community
b. Without any further correctional supervision
c. Used with indeterminate sentence
d. Furloughs
e. Required release
f. The prisoner promises to abide by certain conditions in exchange for being released
g. Stipulated by parole guidelines based on offenders actions
h. Treat a mental abnormality
i. The government extends the privilege of release
j. Conditional release
Expiration release​

Question 43

Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below.
a. Post-custody supervision in the community
b. Without any further correctional supervision
c. Used with indeterminate sentence
d. Furloughs
e. Required release
f. The prisoner promises to abide by certain conditions in exchange for being released
g. Stipulated by parole guidelines based on offenders actions
h. Treat a mental abnormality
i. The government extends the privilege of release
j. Conditional release
Parole​

Question 44

_______________ release occurs when a sentencing judge requires a period of postcustody supervision in the community.

A) ​Probation
B) ​Discretionary
C) ​Expiration
D) ​Mandatory

Question 45

Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below.
a. Post-custody supervision in the community
b. Without any further correctional supervision
c. Used with indeterminate sentence
d. Furloughs
e. Required release
f. The prisoner promises to abide by certain conditions in exchange for being released
g. Stipulated by parole guidelines based on offenders actions
h. Treat a mental abnormality
i. The government extends the privilege of release
j. Conditional release
Presumptive release date​

Question 46

Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below.
a. Post-custody supervision in the community
b. Without any further correctional supervision
c. Used with indeterminate sentence
d. Furloughs
e. Required release
f. The prisoner promises to abide by certain conditions in exchange for being released
g. Stipulated by parole guidelines based on offenders actions
h. Treat a mental abnormality
i. The government extends the privilege of release
j. Conditional release
Contract of consent​

Question 47

Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below.
a. Post-custody supervision in the community
b. Without any further correctional supervision
c. Used with indeterminate sentence
d. Furloughs
e. Required release
f. The prisoner promises to abide by certain conditions in exchange for being released
g. Stipulated by parole guidelines based on offenders actions
h. Treat a mental abnormality
i. The government extends the privilege of release
j. Conditional release
Civil commitment​

Question 48

Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below.
a. Post-custody supervision in the community
b. Without any further correctional supervision
c. Used with indeterminate sentence
d. Furloughs
e. Required release
f. The prisoner promises to abide by certain conditions in exchange for being released
g. Stipulated by parole guidelines based on offenders actions
h. Treat a mental abnormality
i. The government extends the privilege of release
j. Conditional release
Probation release​

Question 49

Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below.
a. Post-custody supervision in the community
b. Without any further correctional supervision
c. Used with indeterminate sentence
d. Furloughs
e. Required release
f. The prisoner promises to abide by certain conditions in exchange for being released
g. Stipulated by parole guidelines based on offenders actions
h. Treat a mental abnormality
i. The government extends the privilege of release
j. Conditional release
Grace or privilege​

Question 50

_______________ release refers to the release of an inmate from prison without any further correctional supervision; the inmate cannot be returned to prison for any remaining portion of their sentence for the current offense.

A) ​Mandatory
B) ​Conditional
C) ​Expiration
D) ​Discretionary

Question 51

A key figure in developing parole in the 1800s was _________________________.

Question 52

The goal of community corrections is to prepare offenders for reentry into society gradually through the:​

A) ​rehabilitative model.
B) ​retributive model.
C) ​reintegration model.
D) ​reinforcement model.

Question 53

Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below.
a. Post-custody supervision in the community
b. Without any further correctional supervision
c. Used with indeterminate sentence
d. Furloughs
e. Required release
f. The prisoner promises to abide by certain conditions in exchange for being released
g. Stipulated by parole guidelines based on offenders actions
h. Treat a mental abnormality
i. The government extends the privilege of release
j. Conditional release
Mandatory release

Question 54

Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below.
a. Post-custody supervision in the community
b. Without any further correctional supervision
c. Used with indeterminate sentence
d. Furloughs
e. Required release
f. The prisoner promises to abide by certain conditions in exchange for being released
g. Stipulated by parole guidelines based on offenders actions
h. Treat a mental abnormality
i. The government extends the privilege of release
j. Conditional release
Discretionary release

Question 55

All of the following countries had a direct impact on the creation and early implementation of our parole system in the 19th century, except:​

A) ​France.
B) ​Australia.
C) ​Ireland.
D) ​England.

Question 56

Roughly ____________ of release inmates are mentally or physically impaired.

A) ​1/3
B) ​3/4
C) ​1/2
D) ​all

Question 57

Which of the following is NOT one of the three key concepts that parole is based upon?​

A) ​custody
B) ​constitutional rights
C) ​contract of consent
D) ​grace

Question 58

Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below.
a. Post-custody supervision in the community
b. Without any further correctional supervision
c. Used with indeterminate sentence
d. Furloughs
e. Required release
f. The prisoner promises to abide by certain conditions in exchange for being released
g. Stipulated by parole guidelines based on offenders actions
h. Treat a mental abnormality
i. The government extends the privilege of release
j. Conditional release
Conditional release​

Question 59

Parole is the conditional release of an offender from incarceration but not from the ____________________.

Question 60

An inmate released from prison to conditional supervision at the discretion of the parole board within the boundaries set by the sentence and the penal law has a/an _____________.

Question 61

Based on the assumptions of indeterminate sentences and rehabilitation programs, __________ release is designed to allow the parole board to release inmates to conditional supervision in the community when they are deemed "ready" to live as law abiding citizens.

Question 62

An inmate's eligibility for release to community supervision depends on requirements set by ___________ and the sentence imposed by the court.

Question 63

Discuss how releasing authorities (parole boards) are organized within corrections. Is the selection process for who sits on the board fair, and how effective are the persons chosen for this task? What are the requirements of each participant who is selected?​

Question 64

_______________is when the prisoner could be kept incarcerated but the government extends the privilege of release.

Question 65

_______________ release is often tied to shock incarceration, a practice in which first-time offenders are sentenced to a short period in jail (the shock) and then allowed to reenter the community.

Question 66

From the philosophy of community corrections has come the _____________ model, a model that focuses on reconnecting the offender with society.

Question 67

You have been selected as the commissioner for the department of corrections in your state. Your first responsibility is to develop criteria for granting an inmate's release on parole. Describe the criteria and explain why you selected these conditions. What problems may the criteria present? Finally, discuss in detail the steps you would take as commissioner to ensure the ease of an offender's reentry into their community.

Question 68

The ______________ parole date refers to the assumed release date stipulated by parole guidelines if the offender serves time without disciplinary incidents.

Question 69

List and describe the five basic release mechanisms by which inmates are transitioned out of prison. In your description, be sure to note both their individual strengths and weaknesses. In your opinion, which mechanism is the most effective in reducing recidivism? In contrast, which is the least effective? Be sure to fully explain your responses.

Question 70

A major criticism of discretionary release is that it has shifted responsibility for primary criminal justice decisions from the _________________ who holds legal procedures in high regard, to a(n) ______________, where discretion rules.

Question 71

According to the authors,_______________ is when a parolee is still the responsibility of the government​

Question 72

If a parolee breaks a rule, their parole may be____________ .

Question 73

Only ________________are released on parole.

Question 74

If parole is not regularly awarded to eligible prisoners,________ among inmates may suffer, consequently impacting their attitudes and behavior toward staff and other inmates.

Question 75

Discuss the origins and evolution of parole within the United States. Who assisted in the integration of this concept both internationally and within the United States? How has parole changed since its inception in this country in the 19th century? In regard to prison issues (e.g., lack of funding, overcrowding) currently plaguing our country, do you believe we may see parole ultimately change again? Be sure to fully explain your answer.

Question 76

________________is when the government enters into an agreement with the prisoner whereby the prisoner promises to abide by conditions in exchange for release.

Question 77

___________________is the release of an inmate from incarceration without any further correctional supervision.

Question 78

Signed into law in 2008, the ________________ Act is a federal law that is designed to ensure the safe and successful return of prisoners through grants to states and communities to support reentry initiatives.