Deck 3: Race Ethnicity Social Structure and Crime

Question 1

The federal government first developed an official definition of poverty in _____.

A)1968
B)1962
C)1966
D)1964

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Historically, many property owners in the North adopted restrictive covenants that prohibited the sale of property to :

A)Asians.
B)African Americans or Jews.
C)Hispanics.
D)All of the above.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

How much a person or family earns in any given period is called:

A)wealth.
B)income.
C)median net worth.
D)economic index.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Thomas Shapiro argues that "_______ is a frightful conveyor and transmitter of inequality."

A)racism
B)sexism
C)inheritance
D)wealth

Question 5

The growth of political and civil rights did not necessarily address _________ inequality.

A)economic
B)educational
C)political
D)occupational

Question 6

___________family income is a standard measure of economic status .

A)Marginal
B)Median
C)Minimum
D)Maximum

Question 7

The most disturbing aspect of the poverty data is the number of __________ living below the poverty line.

A)African Americans
B)Native Americans
C)children
D)families

Question 8

________ involves rejection of society's goals and established means of achieving them, as well as an attempt to create a new society based on different values and goals.

A)Rebellion
B)Withdrawal
C)Retreatism
D)Innovation

Question 9

Official arrest data indicate that involvement in crime peaks at:

A)18 for violent crimes and 20 for property crimes.
B)20 for violent crimes and 22 for property crimes.
C)18 for violent crimes and 16 for property crimes.
D)16 for violent crimes and 18 for property crimes.

Question 10

In 2014, the median household income in the United States for African American families was ________ , while the median income for all American households was $53,  657.

A)$25,367
B)$35,398
C)$45,237
D)$18,237

Question 11

American metropolitan communities are characterized by strong patterns of:

A)economic interdependence.
B)industrial bases.
C)residential segregation.
D)commercial/retail bases.

Question 12

Extended periods of poverty lead to _________families.

A)middle-class
B)wealthy
C)stable
D)dysfunctional

Question 13

The official unemployment rate is __________ for teenagers than for adults.

A)much lower
B)much higher
C)slightly lower
D)slightly higher

Question 14

In 1968, the __________ Commission warned that "our Nation is moving toward two societies, one black, one white-separate and unequal."

A)Duvall
B)Ways and Means
C)Kerner
D)Wickersham

Question 15

The peak years of criminal activity are for people between the ages of _____ and _____ .

A)14, 21
B)14, 24
C)12, 21
D)14, 26

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT part of a community's social structure?

A)The spatial distribution of the population.
B)The rate of population fluctuations.
C)The composition of local neighborhoods.
D)Patterns of interaction within and between neighborhoods.

Question 17

By 2015, the top 1 percent owned half of all the wealth, the richest 10 percent owned ___ percent and the remaining "bottom"(that is, most Americans)owned only __ percent.

A)88.00, 01
B)40.5, 25
C)60.5, 5
D)30.5, 35

Question 18

One important trend in American economic inequality is the growth of the very poor -a group some analysts call  ______ ______ in the past 30 years

A)an under class
B)a working class
C)a middle class
D)a lower class

Question 19

The official unemployment rate does not count:

A)workers who are trying hard to find work.
B)part-time workers who want, but can't find, full-time jobs.
C)workers who dropped out of high school.
D)workers who have a spouse that works.

Question 20

Sociologists and psychologists generally agree that __________ is the primary unit for transmitting values to children.

A)school
B)television
C)the peer group
D)the family

Question 21

An increased social science interest in the concept of_________ includes the quality of a person's family life, the social and physical environment, and personal safety.

A)Wealth
B)Withdrawal
C)Well-being
D)Innovation

Question 22

The unemployment rate for African American teens in January 2016 was almost __ percent, compared to compared with 14.4 percent for whites and 18 percent for Hispanics.

Question 23

Historically, many property owners in the North adopted restrictive covenants that prohibited the sale of property to African Americans or Jews.

Question 24

The most disturbing aspect of the poverty data is the number of __________ living below the poverty line. 

Question 25

Social and cultural capital have huge implications for individuals, their status in life, their prospects for the future, and also their likelihood of becoming criminals.

Question 26

Among both African Americans and Hispanics there is a greater gap between the middle class and the poorest than at any other time in our history.

Question 27

A ________conviction has enormous consequences, especially on a person's ability to get a job.

A)criminal
B)civil
C)citation
D)criminal and citation

Question 28

Social disorganization theory holds that the administration of criminal justice reflects the unequal distribution of power in society.

Question 29

The official unemployment rate does not count workers in the " __________ economy" who are paid in cash .

Question 30

The gap between the very richest Americans and most Americans in terms of both annual income and total wealth has actually been shrinking over the last few decades.

Question 31

A person's network of friends, relationships, and other contacts is called cultural capital. 

Question 32

Official arrest data indicate that involvement in violent crime peaks at 18 years of age.

Question 33

The peak years of criminal activity are for people between the ages of 14 and 24.

Question 34

Innovation involves rejection of society's goals and established means of achieving them, as well as an attempt to create a new society based on different values and goals.

Question 35

________ involves rejection of both the goals of society and accepted means of achieving them.

A)Rebellion
B)Withdrawal
C)Retreatism
D)Innovation

Question 36

The absolute decline in the wealth among the poorest Americans has dramatic implications for ________and criminal justice.

Question 37

The growth of political and civil rights did not necessarily address _________ inequality. 

Question 38

The concentration of low-income people in particular neighborhoods has a  direct impact on crime by concentrating high-rate offenders in one area. This is  a major part of what is called _____________disadvantage.

A)Diluted
B)Concentric
C)Marginal
D)Concentrated

Question 39

________ involves acceptance of society's goals but rejection of the accepted means of attaining them.

A)Rebellion
B)Withdrawal
C)Retreatism
D)Innovation

Question 40

Annual income is the only consideration of a person's or a family's economic status.

Question 41

Explain how the nature of poverty has changed in the U.S.

Question 42

The __________ labor market includes low-paying jobs with limited fringe benefits and uncertain prospects for the future . 

Question 43

Discuss the components of the social science interest in the concept of  well-being as it relates to measures of economic inequality.

Question 44

Historically, many property owners in the North adopted restrictive covenants that prohibited the sale of property to African Americans or __________.

Question 45

Explain the difference between income and wealth.

Question 46

Explain how inheritance perpetuates inequalities. 

Question 47

Wealth plays an important role in ________inequality.

Question 48

Discuss how cultural and social capital are related to criminal activity.

Question 49

African Americans made significant progress relative to whites in the ________, but since then according to the National Research Council, "the economic status of blacks relative to whites has, on average, stagnated or deteriorated.''

Question 50

__________ theory holds that the administration of criminal justice reflects the unequal distribution of power in society.